Development Trajectories, Emission Profile, and Policy Actions: Thailand

8/2/2019 Development Trajectories, Emission Profile, and Policy Actions: Thailand

1/72

JMLH _i|fhgo Pjpd| Rd|hdr

Mdudaipcdg} ]|jkdb}i|x! DchrrhigP|iehad! jgm Piahbx Jb}higr;]njhajgm


2/72

]nd _i|fhgo Pjpd| rd|hdr hr j big}hgtj}hig ie }nd ei|cd|ax gjcdm Mhrbtrrhig Pjpd| rd|hdr6 }ndgtcld|hgo ie }nd pjpd|r big}hgtdm wh}nit} hg}d||tp}hig i| bnjgod' JMLHr wi|fhgo pjpd|r|deadb} hgh}hja hmdjr ig j }iphb jgm j|d pir}dm igahgd ei| mhrbtrrhig' JMLH dgbit|jodr |djmd|r }ipir} }ndh| biccdg}r ig }nd cjhg pjod ei| djbn wi|fhgo pjpd| .ohudg hg }nd bh}j}hig ldaiw('Ricd wi|fhgo pjpd|r cjx mdudaip hg}i i}nd| ei|cr ie ptlahbj}hig'

Rtoodr}dm bh}j}hig;

Bni}hbnjgj}njwdwigo Z jgm G ]nigopadw


3/72

JMLH _i|fhgo Pjpd| 24< Bni}hbnjgj}njwdwigo jgm ]nigopadw

Jlr}|jb}

Hg ]njhajgm bahcj}d bnjgod njr lddg hg}do|j}dm hg}i }nd ei|ctaj}hig ie rdud|ja gj}higja pajgrjgm piahbhdr' Dudg }niton ]njhajgm hr gi} ilahoj}dm }i |dmtbd o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr! h}uiatg}j|hax }jfdr gtcd|itr jb}higr }i ch}hoj}d dchrrhigr' Li}n }nd ptlahb jgm p|huj}d rdb}i|njud lddg jb}hudax hguiaudm hg |dmtbhgo o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr! wh}n j rd|hdr ie cdjrt|drjgm jb}higr hcpadcdg}dm hg djbn rdb}i|'

]nd mdudaipcdg} ie |dgdwjlad dgd|ox jgm }nd p|ici}hig ie dgd|ox bigrd|uj}hig jgm deehbhdgbxj|d }nd p|hcj|x cdjgr }i ch}hoj}d o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr hg ]njhajgm' _h}n }nddr}jlahrncdg} ie }nd Dgd|ox Bigrd|uj}hig P|io|jc hg :884! j uhjlad ciudcdg} ei| dgd|ox

bigrd|uj}hig jgm deehbhdgbx jgm |dgdwjlad dgd|ox njm ldotg' Iud| }nd xdj|r! p|io|drr hg|dgdwjlad dgd|ox jgm dgd|ox deehbhdgbx njr lddg cjmd' \dbdg}ax! }nd :4#Xdj| \dgdwjladDgd|ox Mdudaipcdg} Pajg jgm }nd


4/72


Big}dg}r

:' Hg}|imtb}hig ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2:': Bt||dg} Dbigichb Mdudaipcdg} jgm Et}t|d Dchrrhig P|iehadr '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2:'


5/72


:' HG]\IMTB]HIG

:': Bt||dg} Dbigichb Mdudaipcdg} jgm Et}t|d Dchrrhig P|iehadr

]njhajgm hr j mdudaiphgo bitg}|x hg Rit}ndjr} Jrhj! wnhbn njr rnhe}dm e|ic njuhgo jgjo|hbta}t|d#ljrdm dbigicx }i jg hgmtr}|x#m|hudg dbigicx' Rhgbd :850! }nd|d njr lddg |jphmdbigichb o|iw}n hg ]njhajgm! wh}n rhoghehbjg} d~pjgrhig ie }nd hgmtr}|x rdb}i|' ]nd big}|hlt}hig}i o|irr micdr}hb p|imtb} .OMP( ie }nd hgmtr}|x rdb}i| hgb|djrdm e|ic = ='4 =' ='50 2'5> =':0 ='=2? ='< =':> ='42


6/72


LJT rbdgj|hi j|d OMP jgm dadb}|hbh}x odgd|j}hig rit|bdr' ]nd dadb}|hbh}x odgd|j}hig rit|bd|j}hi hr jrrtcdm }i |dcjhg }nd rjcd tg}ha


7/72


8/72


_h}n rtbn d~pdb}dm bnjgodr hg }nd piwd| rdb}i|! o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr e|ic }nd piwd|rdb}i| j|d p|ikdb}dm }i hgb|djrd mtd }i }nd hgb|djrhgo dadb}|hbh}x mdcjgm' Niwdud|! o|ddgnitrd

ojr dchrrhigr pd| f_n ie dadb}|hbh}x j|d p|ikdb}dm }i mdb|djrd' Jr j |drta}! gj}higja o|ddgnitrdojr dchrrhigr tgmd| }nd PMP


9/72


]jlad :'4; Fdx Jrrtcp}higr jgm Ejb}i|r hg }nd Bahcj}d Pajg Rbdgj|hi

Rdb}i| Ch}hoj}hig Cdjrt|d Jrrtcp}higr jgm Ejb}i|r

Dgd|ox Rdb}i|;Dadb}|hbh}xodgd|j}hig

Chghch{hgo airr ei|dadb}|hbh}x }|jgred| jgmmhr}|hlt}hig rxr}dcr

Ei|

]nd t}hah{j}hig ie |dgdwjlad dgd|ox ei| dadb}|hbh}x whaa ldhg}dgrhehdmlhicjrr .=!=00 C_(! lhiojr .:== C_(! riaj|.2!000 C_(! ctghbhpja wjr}d .284 C_(! jgm nxm|ipiwd|.5== C_('

]ndrd cdjrt|dr whaa ld hcpadcdg}dm e|ic


10/72



jrrtcdm }nj} |dpajbdcdg} hr tgmd|}jfdg mt|hgo }nitrjgm }igr ie iha dzthujadg}''

Mdcjgm#rhmd cjgjodcdg}.MRC(

MRC whaa ld hcpadcdg}dm hg }n|dd bj}doi|hdr; |drbjahgo }ndbt||dg} b|h}d|hj ie d~hr}hgo jppahjgbdr! hg}|imtbhgo gdwb|h}d|hj ei| gdw jppahjgbdr .r}tmhdr ja|djmx d~hr}(! jgmhg}|imtbhgo gdw b|h}d|hj ei| gdw dadb}|hbja jppahjgbdr.bigmtb}hgo gdw r}tmhdr('

Hgmtr}|hjap|ibdrrdr

Bahgfd| rtlr}h}t}hig Trhgo rtlr}h}t}hig cj}d|hjarrtbn jr eax jrn! o|itgm lajr}et|gjbd rajo! jgm gj}t|ja pi{{iajgei| bjabhtc bj|ligj}d']nd rtlr}h}t}hig whaa r}j|} hg


11/72



_jr}d rdb}i| _jr}d |dmtb}hig jgm|dbxbahgo

Cjhg}jhg }nd wjr}d odgd|j}hig |j}d j} : fhaio|jc pd|pd|rig pd| mjx .e|ic (' Njud |dbxbahgo |j}d j} 20$

mt|hgo


12/72


]jlad :'5; O|ddgnitrd Ojr Dchrrhigr jgm Pd|bdg} \dmtb}hig ei| P|ikdb}higRbdgj|hir

Rbdgj|hi


13/72


]jlad :'?; ]njhajgmr Rtr}jhgjlad Mdudaipcdg} Hgmhbj}i|r

Ilkdb}hudr Hgmhbj}i|

Dbigichb MhcdgrhigZtjah}x :' ]i}ja ejb}i| p|imtb}huh}x ie djbn rdb}i|

' Rni|}#}d|c d~}d|gja mdl} pd| gj}higja |drd|ud

8' Ptlahb mdl} pd| OMPDztjah}x :0' Ohgh bideehbhdg}

::' Piud|}x hgbhmdgbd:


14/72


15/72


16/72


p|ici}d jgm p|iuhmd rtppi|} ei| rcjaa dg}d|p|hrdr }i hcp|iud }ndh| pd|ei|cjgbd ig dgd|oxdeehbhdgbx jgm bigrd|uj}hig'

Dgd|ox deehbhdgbx }dbngiaiohdr j|d }nd i}nd| cjhg ilr}jbad }i jbnhduhgo j aiw#bj|lig hgmtr}|xrdb}i|' Rtbn }dbngiaiohdr j|d r}haa d~pdgrhud jgm }dbngiaiox mdpaixcdg} |dcjhgr mheehbta} ei| jgtcld| ie hgmtr}|hdr' H} hr drrdg}hja ei| }nd |dadujg} jodgbhdr }i bigrhmd| niw }i l|hgo miwg }ndbir} ie dgd|ox deehbhdgbx }dbngiaiohdr ri }nj} mdpaixcdg} bjg ibbt| ig j whmd rbjad'

]nd i}nd| r}|j}dox ei| p|ici}hgo o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr |dmtb}hig hg }nd hgmtr}|x rdb}i| hr }ip|ici}d o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr |dmtb}hig lx trhgo ig#rh}d |dgdwjlad dgd|ox odgd|j}hig}dbngiaiohdr' ]nd|d j|d rdud|ja uhjlad |dgdwjlad }dbngiaiox ip}higr }nj} bjg ld hgr}jaadm j}ejb}i|x rh}dr }i odgd|j}d dgd|ox' Niwdud|! p|ici}hig ie jgm rtppi|} ei| ig#rh}d |dgdwjlad

dgd|ox odgd|j}hig }dbngiaiohdr hg hgmtr}|x j|d gi} xd} |djah{dm hg }nd piahbx' ]ntr! h} hrgdbdrrj|x ei| piahbx cjfd|r }i bigrhmd| }nd pirrhlhah}hdr }nj} ig#rh}d |dgdwjlad dgd|oxodgd|j}hig }dbngiaiohdr ieed| }nd hgmtr}|x rdb}i|'

:'2'2 Jo|hbta}t|d Rdb}i|

O|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhig |dmtb}hig piahbhdr hg jo|hbta}t|d hguiaud ej|cd|r p|jb}hbdr! rtbn jrbig}|iaahgo wj}d| hg |hbd ehdamr jgm bnjgohgo b|ip bta}huj}hig p|jb}hbdr' Bnjgohgo }|jmh}higjap|jb}hbdr bjg ld j bnjaadgod ldbjtrd ej|cd|r j|d trdm }i }|jmh}higja p|jb}hbdr'

:'2'= _jr}d Rdb}i|

Piahbhdr ig wjr}d hg ]njhajgm j|d hg ahgd wh}n }nd 2\r bigbdp}'

Ndj} f}id f}id f}id f}id f}id

Riaj| :4= : 4 :> 2>Lhicjrr ?!=00 : 2!550 4!000 5!?50Lhiojr 500 2: :2'40 2!8>5

Ehgja Dgd|oxBigrtcp}hig .f}id(

55! ?0!200 >:!400 8?!200

Ehgja \dgdwjlad Dgd|ox

B }h .f} (=!


20/72


]jlad


21/72


]jlad


22/72


]jlad


23/72


('

]jlad


24/72



25/72


dgd|ox cjgjodcdg} .]DC(!=

O|ddgnitrd Ojr \dmtb}hig ]n|iton Ajldahgo Rbndcdr

wnhbn }jfdr hg}i jbbitg} li}n }dbngiaiohbja hcp|iudcdg}r jgmdcpaixdd }|jhghgo ei| dgd|ox deehbhdgbx jgm bigrd|uj}hig'

]nd Bj|lig \dmtb}hig Ajlda hr j ajlda }nj} rniwr |dmtbdm o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr ie }ndp|imtb} i| rd|uhbd .ei| }nd rjcd cjgtejb}t|d| bicpj|dm wh}n ljrd xdj| V


26/72



27/72



28/72


]jlad


29/72


jgm wjr}d odgd|j}hig' ]nhr bd|}hehbj}hig rbndcd jaaiwr lthamhgo iwgd|r }i mdbaj|d }ndh| hg}dg}hig}i |dmtbd o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr jgm bicctghbj}d }nhr }i }nd ptlahb' ]nhr rbndcd jarib|dj}dr j bicch}cdg} lx jgm hgbdg}hudr ei| lthamhgo iwgd|r }i big}hgtd }i hcp|iud }ndh|o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr |dmtb}hig r}|j}dohdr jgm jb}higr ei| }nd lthamhgo' Jr ie Rdp}dcld|


30/72



31/72


]jlad '5?

:8?> :?4!4 :40!>55'00 22':4


32/72


Ehot|d


33/72


Ehot|d


34/72


Li~


35/72


]jlad


36/72


Rdb}i| Padmodr jgm Jb}higr O|ddgnitrd Ojr \dmtb}hig

Jo|hbta}t|d Jo|hbta}t|ja pajg ig bahcj}d bnjgod

I}nd| Gj}higja ei|dr} piahbx; ei|dr} bigrd|uj}higjgm |dei|dr}j}hig

Badjg Mdudaipcdg} Cdbnjghrc .BMC( >'H} hr d~pdb}dm }nj}! lx }nd dgm ie


37/72


Hcpahbj}hig ie LCJ piahbx jgm jb}hig' I}nd| hcpahbj}higr r}dc e|ic hcpadcdg}j}hig ie }ndJb}hig Pajg ig Oailja _j|chgo Ch}hoj}hig! }nd fdx igd ldhgo hcp|iudm dguh|igcdg}ja ztjah}xjgm ahudahniim ie pdipad hg }nd Ljgofif cd}|ipiah}jg j|dj' Rdud|ja jb}huh}hdr mh|db}ax big}|hlt}d}i }nhr hcp|iudcdg}! rtbn jr hcp|iudm ptlahb }|jgrpi|} jgm }|jeehb rxr}dcr! }nd p|ici}hig ielhietda bigrtcp}hig! jgm dgnjgbdcdg} ie o|ddg j|djr'


38/72


]jlad


39/72


Hg ]njhajgm! }nd cjhg ilr}jbadr }i p|ici}hgo mdbitpahgo ei| dbigichb mdudaipcdg} jgm aiw#bj|lig dchrrhigr |daj}d }i }dbngiaiohdr jgm ldnjuhi|ja bnjgodr'5


40/72



41/72


b|dj}d j bicch}cdg} }i |dmtbhgo o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhig e|ic bhuha ribhd}x' Jr j |drta}! h} hrmheehbta} }i rd} j badj| }j|od} ei| o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr |dmtb}hig jgm }i jb}tjaax |dmtbdo|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr' ]ntr! h} cjx ld trdeta }i bigrhmd| }nd piahbhdr jgm cdjrt|dr }ip|ici}d o|ddgnitrd ojr |dmtb}higr jcigo bhuha ribhd}x lx hguiauhgo pdipad j} j mddpd| aduda'P|iuhmhgo hgbdg}hudr .rtbn jr p|iuhmhgo ehgjgbhja hgbdg}hudr ei| |dmtbhgo dadb}|hbh}x bigrtcp}hig(jgm ejbhah}j}hgo dguh|igcdg}jaax e|hdgmax ldnjuhi|r .pajbhgo |dbxbahgo pihg}r baird }ibicctgh}hdr( j|d ricd d~jcpadr ie mddpd| dgojodcdg} wh}n bhuha ribhd}x'


42/72


Gi O|ddg Lthamhgo Bigbdp} ei| Rcjaa Lthamhgor jgm Bigmichghtcr

]nd o|ddg lthamhgo bigbdp} ei| gdw aj|od lthamhgor jgm gdw nicdr njr mdudaipdm jgm lddg

cimhehdm iud| }nd xdj|r }i rth} ]njhajgmr bahcj}d' D~pd|hdgbd ojhgdm e|ic jppaxhgo }nd o|ddglthamhgo bigbdp} }i aj|od lthamhgor bjg ld trdm wndg bigr}|tb}hgo gdw aj|od lthamhgor! lt} }ndo|ddg lthamhgo bigbdp} jgm othmdahgdr ei| rcjaa lthamhgor jgm |drhmdg}hja bicpad~dr njud xd} }ild mdudaipdm' ]ntr! h} hr mheehbta} ei| dg}|dp|dgdt|r }i jppax o|ddg lthamhgo bigbdp}r }i rcjaalthamhgor'

0 pd| ah}d| }i L2'02 pd| ah}d| .P]]


43/72


rnitam ld gi}dm }nj} oiim oiud|gjgbd jgm }|jgrpj|dg} ptlahb pj|}hbhpj}hig j|d |dzth|dm mt|hgop|ikdb} hgh}hj}hig'


44/72


jgm p|huj}d ltmod}r' Rhgbd }nd dr}jlahrncdg} ie }nd etgm! }nd ltmod} njr lddg jaai}}dm }iejbhah}j}d }nd hcpadcdg}j}hig ie p|io|jcr jgm jb}huh}hdr tgmd| }nd DGBIG p|io|jc! rtbn jrdgd|ox bigrd|uj}hig jgm deehbhdgbx! |dgdwjlad dgd|ox mdudaipcdg}! }dbngiaiox mdcigr}|j}hig!

|drdj|bn jgm mdudaipcdg} ei| }dbngiaiohdr! jgm |jhrhgo jwj|dgdrr'

Tgmd| }nd DGBIG p|io|jc! mt|hgo


45/72


]jlad


46/72


Mt|hgo }nd hcpadcdg}j}hig pd|him ie


47/72


dguh|igcdg}ja ejb}i|r wndg cjfhgo pt|bnjrdr .Piaat}hig Big}|ia Mdpj|}cdg} VPBMS


48/72


Jr j |drta} ie }nhr mxgjchb ld}wddg DOJ]! jppahjgbd p|imtbd|r! jgm dgm#trd|r! }nd rtbbdrretap|io|jc njr odgd|j}dm cta}hpad ldgdeh}r! }nd fdx igdr ldhgo }nd aduda ie dgd|ox deehbhdgbx iep|imtb}r! dgd|ox jgm ehgjgbhja rjuhgor! jgm |dmtbdm o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr' Dgd|ox

rjuhgor j|d j |drta} ie }nd trd ie nhon#dgd|ox#deehbhdg} p|imtb}r gj}higwhmd' ]nhr |dmtbdrdadb}|hbh}x mdcjgm jgm }nd gddm }i bigr}|tb} gdw piwd| pajg}r' _h}n |dmtbdm dgd|ox mdcjgm!o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr e|ic dgd|ox p|imtb}hig jgm bigrtcp}hig j|d rhcta}jgditrax|dmtbdm lx }nd ajlda p|io|jc' Li~ 2 rniwr }nd hcpadcdg}j}hig jgm fdx hcpadcdg}j}hig |drta}rie }nd ajlda p|io|jc'

Li~ 2; Bjrd R}tmx; Dgd|ox Deehbhdgbx Ajlda .Dgd|ox Ajlda Gi'4(

Hcpadcdg}j}hig;

]nd ajlda hr pj|} ie j mdcjgm#rhmd cjgjodcdg} p|io|jc }i |dmtbd dgd|ox bigrtcp}higie nhon dgd|ox bigrtcp}hig p|imtb}r'

Bd|}hehbj}hig ldojg wh}n j edw p|imtb}r jgm d~pjgmdm }i j whmd| |jgod ie p|imtb}rbiud|hgo |de|hod|j}i|r! jh| bigmh}higd|r! bicpjb} eati|drbdg} ajcpr! ljaajr}r! dadb}|hb ejgr!|hbd biifd|r! dadb}|hb ajcpr! dadb}|hb wj}d| lihad|r! }daduhrhigr! jgm cigh}i|r'

]nd p|io|jc hr ud|x deedb}hud jr h} hr p|ici}dm }n|iton ]U bjcpjhogr }nj} hgei|c jlit}

}nd rjuhgor }nj} bjg ld |djah{dm wndg trhgo dgd|ox deehbhdg} jppahjgbdr' ]nhr b|dj}drnhon |dbiogh}hig jcigo dgm trd|r' Bigrdztdg}ax! pdipad }dgm }i pt|bnjrd bd|}hehdm .nhondeehbhdgbx( jppahjgbdr! wh}n }nd |drta} }nj} p|imtbd|r hcp|iud }nd dgd|ox deehbhdgbx iep|imtb}r'

Fdx |drta}r jgm hcpahbj}higr;

]nd _i|am Ljgf dr}hcj}dm }nj} }nd trd ie dgd|ox deehbhdgbx ahon}hgo! |de|hod|j}i|r!jgm jh| bigmh}higd|r .Dgd|ox Deehbhdg} Ajlda( jr j |drta} ie }nd p|io|jc njr |dmtbdmo|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr lx :


49/72


Rcjaa Piwd| P|imtbd| jgm Ud|x Rcjaa Piwd| P|imtbd| P|io|jc

]nd RPP jgm URPP p|io|jc hr jg hggiuj}hud rxr}dc }i r}hctaj}d }nd t}hah{j}hig ie |dgdwjlad

dgd|ox hg ]njhajgm' \dei|c ie }nd piwd| rdb}i| r}j|}dm hg :88< wh}n }nd hg}|imtb}hig ie }ndPt|bnjrd Piwd| e|ic Rcjaa Piwd| P|imtbd|r .RPP( \dotaj}hig' ]nd |dotaj}hig jaaiwr p|huj}dbicpjghdr }i ld j pj|} ie }nd gj}higja piwd| rtppax' ]nd Hgmdpdgmdg} Piwd| P|imtbd|r .HPPr(p|io|jc .ei| aj|od piwd| p|imtbd|r( hr j ldohgghgo pihg} }nj} l|hgor p|huj}d hgudr}cdg} }i piwd|odgd|j}hig jb}huh}x! wnhbn bjg ld uhdwdm jr j r}j|}hgo pihg} ie }nd RPP jgm URPP p|io|jc'

Hgh}hjaax! }nd RPP jgm URPP p|io|jc wjr hgdeedb}hud jgm tgmd|wdg} rdud|ja bnjgodr }i piahbx!ehgjgbhja jgm hgudr}cdg} rxr}dcr! hgr}h}t}higja bigmh}higr! jgm dbigichb rh}tj}hig' Igax |dbdg}axnjr }nd RPP jgm URPP p|io|jc p|iuhmdm rhoghehbjg} big}|hlt}higr }i }nd mdudaipcdg} ie

|dgdwjlad dgd|ox! dgnjgbdcdg} ie dgd|ox rdbt|h}x! jgm r}|tb}t|d ie }nd piwd| rdb}i|']nd etgmjcdg}ja bigbdp} ie }nd RPP jgm URPP p|io|jc hr }i p|iuhmd ci|d p|jb}hbja jgm ci|dhgudr}i|#e|hdgmax |dotaj}higr lx cimhexhgo b|h}d|hj ei| ztjahexhgo jr j ejbhah}x! bjabtaj}hig ie }ndjuihmdm bir}! jgm hg}d|biggdb}hig |dzth|dcdg}r' ]nd md}jhar ie }nd bt||dg} RPP jgm URPPp|io|jc j|d jr eiaaiwr;

:' Biodgd|j}hig ejbhah}hdr j|d jppahbjlad }i }nd RPP jgm URPP p|io|jc' ]nd piwd| }nj} bjgld riam e|ic }nd ejbhah}x hr :080 C_ ei| RPPr jgm gi} ci|d }njg :0 C_ ei| URPPr'


50/72


]jlad 2':; Jmmd| P|iuhmdm }i Gi|cja ]j|hee ei| Rcjaa Piwd| P|imtbd|r jgm Ud|xRcjaa Piwd| P|imtbd|r Trhgo \dgdwjlad Dgd|ox

Etda)]dbngiaioxJmmd|

.L)f_n(

Jmmh}higjaJmmd|+.L)f_n(

Jmmd|.L)f_n( ei| 2

rit}nd|gp|iuhgbdr

Pd|him.xdj|r(

Lhicjrr : C_ 0'40 :'00 :'00 ?7 : C_ 0'20 :'00 :'00 ?

Lhiojr : C_ 0'40 :'00 :'00 ?7 : C_ 0'20 :'00 :'00 ?

Ctghbhpja wjr}dBicpirh}d)Ajgmehaa '00 :'40 :'40 :0f_n 3 fhaiwj}}#nit|! C_ 3 cdojwj}}'

Gi}d; + 3 Jmmh}higja jmmd| hr mdrhogj}dm ei| p|imtbd|r wni njud p|ikdb}r hg j|djr wnd|d }nd|d hr dadb}|hbh}x p|imtb}hige|ic mhdrda'

Rit|bd; Dgd|ox Piahbx jgm Pajgghgo Ieehbd


51/72


Li~ =; Bjrd R}tmx; Rcjaa Piwd| P|imtbd| jgm Ud|x Rcjaa Piwd| P|imtbd| P|io|jc.\dgdwjlad Dgd|ox(

Hcpadcdg}j}hig;

Dgbit|johgo p|huj}d rdb}i| }i pj|}hbhpj}d hg |dgdwjlad dgd|ox mdudaipcdg}'

P|iuhmhgo rdud|ja hgbdg}hudr ei| dahohlad p|ikdb}r .d'o'! lhicjrr! lhiojr! ctghbhpja wjr}d!whgm! nxm|ipiwd|! jgm riaj|('

Hgbdg}hudr hgbatmd eddm#hg }j|hee! rtlrhmx! }dbnghbja jrrhr}jgbd! jgm rie} aijgr'

Fdx |drta} ie hcpadcdg}j}hig jgm hcpahbj}hig;

]nd dcd|odgbd ie |dgdwjlad dgd|ox t}hah{j}hig p|ikdb}r hg ]njhajgm'i Jr ie Ktgd i Jr ie Ktgd '48 C_ iepiwd| }i }nd o|hm .DPPI


52/72


}dbngiaiohdr ei| dgd|ox deehbhdgbx' Niwdud|! }dbngiaiohbja |drdj|bn jgm mdudaipcdg} njr gi}xd} adm }i rtbn }dbngiaiohdr ldhgo trdm ig j biccd|bhja rbjad6 et|}nd| mdudaipcdg} hr |dzth|dm'Et|}nd|ci|d! h} hr drrdg}hja }i biccd|bhjah{d rtbn }dbngiaiohdr ri }nj} }ndx bjg ld trdm ei|

ch}hoj}hgo o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr'

Bt||dg} piahbhdr hg ]njhajgm j|d bigmtbhud }i }nd }|jgred| ie dguh|igcdg}jaax ritgm}dbngiaiohdr! jgm j gtcld| ie lj||hd|r njud lddg dahchgj}dm lx |dmtbhgo hcpi|} mt}hdr!|dmtbhgo bi|pi|j}d }j~dr! jgm p|iuhmhgo rtlrhmhdr' Jmmh}higjaax! }nd hcpadcdg}j}hig ie BMCp|ikdb}r njr j rhoghehbjg} aduda ie }dbngiaiox }|jgred| jgm njr l|iton} jmujgbdmdguh|igcdg}jaax ritgm }dbngiaiohdr }i }nd bitg}|x' ]nd nhond| aduda ie }dbngiaiox }|jgred| cjx|drta} e|ic jpp|iuja b|h}d|hj ie BMC p|ikdb}r! }j|heer ig hcpi|}dm dzthpcdg} .aiwd| i| d~dcp}(!jgm i}nd| ejb}i|r .Rd|dr ('

2':'< Cj|fd}#Ljrdm Hgr}|tcdg}r ei| Piaat}hig Big}|ia jgm Dguh|igcdg}jaHcp|iudcdg}

2':'


53/72


He }nd ]UD]R jgm ]#UD\ rbndcdr j|d dr}jlahrndm jgm etgb}highgo! h} rnitam ld pirrhlad }iil}jhg rxr}dcj}hb jgm bicp|dndgrhud mj}j ig uiatg}j|x o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr |dmtb}hig!jgm wh}gdrr rhoghehbjg} o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr |dmtb}hig hg rdud|ja rdb}i|r hg }nd bitg}|x

}n|iton |dgdwjlad dgd|ox t}hah{j}hig6 dgd|ox rjuhgo jgm deehbhdgbx66 jgm jeei|dr}j}hig!|dei|dr}j}hig! jgm)i| ei|dr} bigrd|uj}hig jb}huh}hdr'

2'< Pirh}highgo Gj}higja Jb}higr wh}nhg }nd Bt||dg} Oailja Bahcj}d\dohcd jgm \dohigja Biipd|j}hig E|jcdwi|f

Rteehbhdgbx Dbigicx Pnhairipnx

]nd Rteehbhdgbx Dbigicx Pnhairipnx wjr ldr}iwdm ig ]njh pdipad lx Nhr Cjkdr}x FhgoLntchlia Jmtaxjmdk' Hg :888! }nd ei|cja hg}d|p|d}j}hig ie }nd Rteehbhdgbx Dbigicx Pnhairipnxwjr cjmd lx }nd Rteehbhdgbx Dbigicx _i|fhgo O|itp jgm wjr jpp|iudm lx }nd fhgo' Hgjbbi|mjgbd wh}n }nd ei|cja mdehgh}hig! Rteehbhdgbx Dbigicx njr eit| fdx dadcdg}r;

Rteehbhdgbx Dbigicx hr jg jpp|ijbn }i ahed jgm bigmtb} wnhbn hr jppahbjlad j} dud|x adudae|ic }nd hgmhuhmtja }n|iton }nd ejchax jgm bicctgh}x }i }nd cjgjodcdg} jgm mdudaipcdg}ie }nd gj}hig'

H} r}|drrdr j chmmad pj}n! drpdbhjaax hg mdudaiphgo }nd dbigicx }i fddp tp wh}n }nd wi|am hg

}nd d|j ie oailjah{j}hig'

Rteehbhdgbx njr }n|dd bicpigdg}r; cimd|j}hig! |djrigjladgdrr! jgm }nd gddm ei| ltha}#hg|drhahdgbd jojhgr} }nd |hrfr wnhbn j|hrd e|ic hg}d|gja i| d~}d|gja bnjgod'

Hg jmmh}hig! }nd jppahbj}hig ie }ndi|hdr hg pajgghgo jgm hcpadcdg}j}hig |dzth|dr o|dj} bj|djgm oiim ktmocdg} j} dud|x r}dp' J} }nd rjcd }hcd! jaa cdcld|r ie }nd gj}hig drpdbhjaaxptlahb ieehbhjar! jbjmdchbr! jgm ltrhgdrr pdipad gddm }i mdudaip }ndh| bicch}cdg} }i }ndhcpi|}jgbd ie fgiwadmod! hg}do|h}x! jgm nigdr}x! jgm }i bigmtb} }ndh| ahudr wh}npd|rdud|jgbd }iad|jgbd whrmic jgm hgrhon} ri }nj} }nd bitg}|x njr }nd r}|dgo}n jgm


54/72


2'2 ]|jmd jgm Hgudr}cdg} Ahgfr wh}n I}nd| Jrhjg Dbigichdr

]njhajgm p|ici}dr hg}d|gj}higja }|jmd jgm hgudr}cdg} ei| dguh|igcdg}ja oiimr jgm rd|uhbdr' Hg}d|cr ie }|jmd jgm hgudr}cdg} hg dguh|igcdg}ja oiimr! }nd Lij|m ie Hgudr}cdg} jgm i}nd|oiud|gcdg} jodgbhdr p|iuhmd d~}dgrhud hgbdg}hud pjbfjodr }i p|ici}d hgudr}cdg} hg |dgdwjladdgd|ox jgm dgd|ox deehbhdgbx jgm dguh|igcdg}jaax e|hdgmax }|jmd ie oiimr jgm rd|uhbdr' Ei|hgudr}cdg} hg |dgdwjlad dgd|ox jgm dgd|ox deehbhdgbx! }nd|d j|d li}n gig}j~ jgm }j~ hgbdg}hudr!rtbn jr bi|pi|j}d hgbicd }j~ d~dcp}hig! jgm hcpi|} }j~ d~dcp}hig ei| }dbngiaiohdr'

Ei| }|jmd jgm hgudr}cdg} hg dguh|igcdg}ja rd|uhbdr! ]njhajgm cjmd bicch}cdg}r tgmd| }ndOdgd|ja Jo|ddcdg} ig ]|jmd hg Rd|uhbdr .OJ]R( ig dguh|igcdg}ja rd|uhbdr' ]nd bt||dg} r}j}trie dguh|igcdg}ja rd|uhbd hr rddg jr ,gi |dr}|hb}hig, .ahld|jah{dm( ei| cj|fd} jbbdrr jgm gj}higja}|dj}cdg} tgmd| b|irr#li|md| rtppax jgm bigrtcp}hig jl|ijm! jgm jr ,pj|}hja |dr}|hb}hig,.pj|}hjaax ahld|jah{dm( ei| cj|fd} jbbdrr jgm gj}higja }|dj}cdg} tgmd| biccd|bhja p|drdgbd>

2'= Cjki| Bigr}|jhg}r ig \dohigja Biipd|j}hig! jgm Riat}higr

.Xifi jgm Iftmj


55/72


Jbbdp}jgbd ie rtbn p|imtb}r jgm rd|uhbdr lx pdipad hg }nd bitg}|hdr jgm aibja bicctgh}hdr njr}i ld ojhgdm ldei|d jppaxhgo p|imtb}r jgm rd|uhbdr' ]ntr! h} hr gdbdrrj|x }i t}hah{d jbbdp}jladp|imtb}r jgm rd|uhbdr jgm)i| b|dj}d tgmd|r}jgmhgo wh}n }nd aibja pdipad'

2'='2 Hgr}h}t}higja jgm Oiud|gjgbd Rxr}dc

Hg Jrribhj}hig ie Rit}ndjr} Jrhjg Gj}hig .JRDJG( bitg}|hdr! }nd hgr}h}t}higja jgm oiud|gjgbdbnjaadgod |daj}dr }i }nd d~}dg} ie biipd|j}hig jgm hg}do|j}hig ig bahcj}d bnjgod jgm o|ddgdbigicx jcigo cdcld| bitg}|hdr6 }ntr ej| h} hr gi} o|dj}ax hg duhmdgbd}nd hcpjb} ie bahcj}dbnjgod hr badj|ax gi} j p|hi|h}x hrrtd' Jr j |drta}! hg}d|gj}higja biipd|j}hig jgm jrrhr}jgbd hr|j|dax p|iuhmdm }i }nd |dohig' Et|}nd|ci|d! r}jgmj|m ljrdahgd mj}j j} }nd |dohigja adudabigbd|ghgo bahcj}d bnjgod jgm o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhig |dmtb}hig deei|}r jgm bjabtaj}higr j|d

rbj}}d|dm'

2'='= O|dj}d| Cdfigo Rtl|dohig Biipd|j}hig

]nd O|dj}d| Cdfigo Rtl|dohig .OCR( bicp|hrdr rh~ cdcld| bitg}|hdrehud Jrribhj}hig ieRit}ndjr} Jrhjg Gj}higr .JRDJG( bitg}|hdr .Bjclimhj! }nd Aji Pdipadr Mdcib|j}hb \dptlahbVAji PM\S! Cxjgcj|! ]njhajgm! jgm Uhd} Gjc( jgm }nd Pdipadr \dptlahb ie Bnhgj' Igd ie }ndfdx j|djr ie OCR biipd|j}hig hr dgd|ox' ]nd biipd|j}hig jgm hgh}hj}hudr hg }nd dgd|ox rdb}i|tgmd| }nd OCR j|d dcpnjrh{dm hg b|irr#li|md| dadb}|hbja piwd| }|jmhgo jgm }|jgrchrrhig

gd}wi|fr .[njh


56/72


dguh|igcdg}ja jgm ribhja jrpdb}r hg}i }nd pajgghgo jgm hcpadcdg}j}hig ie dgd|ox biipd|j}hig'Tgmd| j pajg }i hcpadcdg} }nd OCR Dgd|ox R}|j}dox! dgd|ox rdbt|h}x! |dgdwjlad dgd|ox! jgmdguh|igcdg}jaax ritgm dgd|ox p|jb}hbdr j|d hgbatmdm ei| biipd|j}hig .O|dj}d| Cdfigo

Rtl|dohig Dbigichb Biipd|j}hig P|io|jc


57/72


2'4'< Dgd|ox Deehbhdgbx Hcp|iudcdg}]nd Oiud|gcdg} ie ]njhajgm jmip}dm ehud |dei|c cdjrt|dr }i p|ici}d dgd|ox bigrd|uj}higjgm dgd|ox deehbhdgbx; DGBIG Etgm! DRBI Etgm! }j~ hgbdg}hudr! mh|db} rtlrhmx! jgm MRClhmhgo'

\duiauhgo Etgm; .Ei| md}jhar rdd pihg} 2'4':'( DRBI Etgm; .Ei| md}jhar rdd pihg} 2'4':'( ]j~ hgbdg}hudr; ]nd|d j|d edw hgbdg}hud rbndcdr }i p|ici}d }nd trd ie jgm hgudr}cdg} hg

dgd|ox deehbhdgbx p|ikdb}r' ]j~ hgbdg}hud ei| dgd|ox deehbhdgbx p|imtb}r p|iuhmdr


58/72


]jlad 2'


59/72


Piahbx _nj} wi|fdm Hrrtd }i ld r}|dgo}ndgdm

P|ici}hgo p|io|jccj}hb BMC ei|

p|ikdb} mdudaipcdg}\dgdwjlad dgd|oxmdudaipcdg} hg }nd wjr}drdb}i| .t}hah{d ctghbhpjawjr}d(

P|ici}hgo dgd|ox p|imtb}hig jrbi#ldgdeh}r

Jmmd| ei| hgb|djrhgo ehgjgbhjaedjrhlhah}x

P|ici}hgo BMC ei| p|ikdb}mdudaipcdg}

Tgmd|r}jgmhgo ld}wddgr}jfdniamd|r ei| mdudaiphgodgd|ox e|ic ctghbhpja wjr}d

]|jgrpi|}\jha ptlahb }|jgrpi|} piahbx hgLjgofif cd}|ipiah}jg j|dj

L]R rfx}|jhg jgm C\] rtlwjx D~}dgmhgo }nd biud|jod ie }ndrxr}dc hg Ljgofif jgm uhbhgh}x

Lhietda p|ici}hig piahbx Cjgmj}i|x trd ie lhimhdrda .L2( Bigrhr}dgbx ie piahbxhcpadcdg}j}hig |doj|mhgo }ndp|hbd ie etdar ei| b|dj}hgohgbdg}hudr }i trd lhietdar

_jr}d cjgjodcdg}_jr}d |dmtb}hig jgm|dbxbahgo piahbx

Hgei|cja rdb}i| ei| |dbxbahgo Hgb|djrhgo jwj|dgdrr jgm jb}higie pdipad ei| wjr}d |dmtb}hig jgm|dbxbahgo

P|iuhmhgo ejbhah}hdr jgm pihg}r ei|biaadb}hgo |dbxbajlad wjr}dr

Ndja}n jgm dguh|igcdg}jahcpjb}r jcigo hgei|cja |dbxbad|r

\drhmdg}hja jgm biccd|bhja lthamhgo

O|ddg jgm dgd|ox deehbhdgbx Lthamhgo bimdr! jwj|mr! jgm Mdudaiphgo o|ddg lthamhgo jgm


60/72


2'5 Rtccj|x ie \dbiccdgmj}higr

2'5': Piahbx \dei|c Bnjaadgodr ei| O|ddg jgm Aiw#Bj|lig Mdudaipcdg}

2'5':': Dgd|ox Rdb}i| \dei|c

]njhajgm njr r}j|}dm dgd|ox rdb}i| |dei|c' ]nd p|huj}d rdb}i| bjg pj|}hbhpj}d hg piwd|odgd|j}hig jb}huh}hdr! jgm |dgdwjlad dgd|ox hr trdm ei| odgd|j}hgo dadb}|hbh}x' Niwdud|! }ndadudar ie p|huj}d pj|}hbhpj}hig jgm |dgdwjlad dgd|ox t}hah{j}hig bjg ld hgb|djrdm }i hcp|iuddgd|ox rdbt|h}x! cjhg}jhg dbigichb o|iw}n! jgm chghch{d o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr'

]nd fdx bnjaadgod }i mddpd| |dei|c hg }nd dgd|ox rdb}i| hr hgmtbhgo }nd p|huj}d rdb}i| }i hgudr}

hg |dgdwjlad dgd|ox mdudaipcdg}' Cjgx hgbdg}hudr j|d ldhgo ieed|dm }i }nd p|huj}d rdb}i|! lt}}ndx j|d gi} dgiton }i j}}|jb} hgudr}cdg} hg riaj| jgm whgm p|ikdb}r' ]ntr! h} hr hcpi|}jg} }imdudaip rth}jlad hgbdg}hud ip}higr }i cjfd hgudr}cdg} hg |dgdwjlad dgd|ox j}}|jb}hud }i }ndp|huj}d rdb}i|'

2'5':'< Dbigichb\dei|c

Dbigichb |dei|c hr j bnjaadgohgo hrrtd hg ]njhajgm' Hg odgd|ja! dguh|igcdg}ja bir}r j|d gi}odgd|jaax hg}do|j}dm hg}i p|imtb}r jgm rd|uhbdr ldbjtrd ie }nd ajbf ie dguh|igcdg}ja }j~dr'

Dguh|igcdg}ja jgm bj|lig }j~dr j|d gi} xd} deedb}hud .}nd VM|je}S Jb} ig Dbigichb Hgr}|tcdg}rei| Dguh|igcdg}ja Cjgjodcdg} hr jwjh}hgo hcpadcdg}j}hig(! jgm }nd dbigichb |dei|c gddmdm}i hg}do|j}d dguh|igcdg}ja bir}r hg}i dbigichb jgm p|hbhgo rxr}dcr njr xd} }i ibbt|'

Niwdud|! wndg }nd .M|je}( Jb} ig Dbigichb Hgr}|tcdg}r ei| Dguh|igcdg}ja Cjgjodcdg} bicdrhg}i deedb}! |dei|c hg }nd ]njh dbigicx rnitam ld badj|ax rddg' Niwdud|! }nhr |dei|c hr d~pdb}dm}i l|hgo bnjaadgodr hg }d|cr ie jrribhj}dm bir}r! jr }nd }j~dr whaa dudg}tjaax jeedb} }nd bir} iep|imtb}r jgm rd|uhbdr' _h}n }nd hgb|djrhgo bir}r bicd fdx bnjaadgodr ei| }nd micdr}hb jgmhg}d|gj}higja cj|fd}' Hg }nd micdr}hb cj|fd}! }nd nhond| bir}r ie p|imtb}r jgm rd|uhbdr whaa


61/72


eibtrdr ig }nd dbigichb hg}do|j}hig ie cdcld| bitg}|hdr lx dahchgj}hgo }j|heer! jmm|drrhgo }ndciudcdg} ie p|iedrrhigjar jgm bjph}ja! jgm ejbhah}j}hgo btr}icr badj|jgbd p|ibdmt|dr'Niwdud|! dguh|igcdg}ja bigbd|gr j|d gi} xd} pj|} ie JDB biipd|j}hig' ]ntr! }nd bnjaadgod ei|

|dohigja biipd|j}hig j|itgm o|ddg jgm aiw#bj|lig hrrtdr hr }i l|hgo dguh|igcdg}jabigrhmd|j}hig hg}i }nd JDB rxr}dc! wnhbn cjx gi} ld pirrhlad hg }nd hgh}hja r}jodr ie }nd JDB'

2'5'< \dbiccdgmj}higr

Bahcj}d bnjgod njr lddg |dbiogh{dm jr j }n|dj} }i }nd gj}hig jgm njr lddg hg}do|j}dm hg}i }ndei|ctaj}hig ie rdud|ja gj}higja pajgr jgm piahbhdr' Li}n }nd ptlahb jgm p|huj}d rdb}i|r njud lddgjb}hudax hguiaudm hg |dmtbhgo o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr! jgm j rd|hdr ie cdjrt|dr jgm jb}higrnjud lddg hcpadcdg}dm hg djbn rdb}i| }i jbnhdud }nhr'

Mdudaiphgo |dgdwjlad dgd|ox jgm p|ici}hgo dgd|ox bigrd|uj}hig jgm deehbhdgbx j|d }ndp|hcj|x wjxr }i ch}hoj}d o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr' O|ddg bigrtcp}hig jgm p|imtb}hig! jrwdaa jr o|ddg ahedr}xad! njud jari lddg jmm|drrdm lt} j|d xd} }i cj}t|d' ]nd i}nd| j|dj }nj} njrgi} badj|ax dcd|odm xd} hr r}jfdniamd| hguiaudcdg} jgm dgojodcdg} ei| }jbfahgo bahcj}dbnjgod' Dudg }niton ]njhajgm njr cjmd rhoghehbjg} p|io|drr }iwj|m o|ddg jgm aiw#bj|ligmdudaipcdg}! ci|d gddmr }i ld migd' Iud|jaa! ]njhajgm njr }i eibtr ig hcpadcdg}hgo gi#|do|d}piahbhdr }i dgrt|d }nd mdbitpahgo ie }nd dbigicx jgm }nd dguh|igcdg}! wnhad r}j|}hgo }i aiifhgoet|}nd| j} hcpadcdg}hgo adjr}#bir} piahbhdr' Rni|}#}d|c piahbhdr rnitam hccdmhj}dax jmm|drr }nd

hrrtd ie |jphmax hgb|djrhgo o|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr! jgm aigo#}d|c piahbhdr rnitam jmm|drretgmjcdg}ja bnjgodr }iwj|mr j o|ddg jgm aiw#bj|lig ribhd}x'

Hg }nd rni|} }d|c! ]njhajgm gddmr }i hgb|djrd }nd hcpadcdg}j}hig ie h}r bt||dg} p|ichrhgopiahbhdr ig |dgdwjlad dgd|ox! dgd|ox deehbhdgbx! jgm i}nd| o|ddg piahbhdr! rtbn jr RPPr jgmURPPr! \duiauhgo Etgm! jgm DRBI Etgm' Jmmh}higjaax! hgbdg}hudr piahbhdr rnitam ld hg}|imtbdmtrhgo dbigichb hgr}|tcdg}r }n|iton }nd cj|fd} rxr}dc' Piahbhdr |doj|mhgo o|ddgnitrd ojrdchrrhig |dmtb}hig rnitam jaaiw }nd pj|}hbhpj}hig ie }nd p|huj}d rdb}i|! ldbjtrd }nd p|huj}drdb}i| njr }nd jlhah}hdr jgm hr deehbhdg} hg cjfhgo dguh|igcdg}ja jmujgbdcdg}r' J} }nd rjcd


62/72


H} hr hcpi|}jg} }i ehgm hggiuj}hud riat}higr }i iud|bicd }nd bnjaadgodr ldhgo ejbdm hg djbn rdb}i|.]jlad 2'2('

]jlad 2'2; Rdb}i| Bnjaadgodr jgm Riat}higrRdb}i| Bnjaadgod Riat}hig

Dgd|ox jgm piwd|

rdb}i|

Jbnhduhgo :4#Xdj| \dgdwjlad

Dgd|ox Pajg

\duhrd |dgdwjlad dgd|ox hgbdg}hudr

\dciud i}nd| lj||hd|r }i |dgdwjlad dgd|ox

t}hah{j}hig ei| djbn rpdbhehb rit|bd ie dgd|ox

Hcp|iud |dgdwjlad |drit|bd cjgjodcdg} jgm

t}hah{j}hig

Ehgjah{hgo }nd mh|db}hig ie piwd|

mdudaipcdg} }n|iton }nd Piwd|

Mdudaipcdg} Pajg

Jmm|drr }nd hrrtd ie gtbadj| piwd| jgm badjg

bija wh}n ptlahb pj|}hbhpj}hig ei| j||huhgo j}

ct}tja jo|ddcdg} ei| }nd mh|db}hig ie gj}higja

piwd| mdudaipcdg}

Mdudaiphgo gdw }dbngiaiohdr ei|

|dgdwjlad dgd|ox

\drdj|bn jgm mdudaip hg}i gdw |dgdwjlad

}dbngiaiohdr .jari bigrhmd|hgo }nd eiim ud|rtr

dgd|ox hrrtd(

Biipd|j}hig jcigo mdudaiphgo bitg}|hdr ei|biccd|bhja \%M ig }dbngiaiohdr }i |dmtbd bir}jgm }i mdudaip gdw odgd|j}hig ie }dbngiaiohdr

Hgmtr}|x rdb}i| Hg}dgrhexhgo }nd t}hah{j}hig ie

|dgdwjlad dgd|ox

Bigrhmd| }nd t}hah{j}hig ie ig#rh}d |dgdwjlad

dgd|ox odgd|j}hig }dbngiaiohdr

Hcpadcdg}j}hig ie o|ddgnitrd ojr

dchrrhigr |dmtb}hig hr r}haa ahch}dm }i

Hg}do|j}d dguh|igcdg} |j}higjah}hdr hg}i }nd

hgmtr}|x jgm cjgtejb}t|hgo rdb}i|r! drpdbhjaax


63/72


Rdb}i| Bnjaadgod Riat}hig

Biccd|bhja jgm

|drhmdg}hja rdb}i|

Et|}nd| mdudaipcdg} ie |dgdwjlad

dgd|ox jgm dgd|ox deehbhdgbx hg }ndbiccd|bhja jgm |drhmdg}hja rdb}i|

Bigrhmd| }nd }j~ rxr}dc jgm hcpadcdg} gdw

pirh}hud dbigichb hgr}|tcdg}r! rtbn jr

|dmtbdm dadb}|hbh}x bir} ei| lthamhgorjgm nitrdr }nj} bjg big}hgtitrax|dmtbd dadb}|hbh}x bigrtcp}hig

p|iuhmhgo hgbdg}hudr i| |dmtbhgo }j~drei| trhgo jgm)i| p|imtbhgo |dgdwjladdgd|ox

\drdj|bn jgm mdudaipcdg} hg}i

|dgdwjlad dgd|ox jgm dgd|ox

deehbhdgbx hg }nd biccd|bhja jgm|drhmdg}hja rdb}i|

\drdj|bn jgm mdudaipcdg} hg}i dbi mdrhog

lthamhgo jgm nitrhgo hg }|iphbja bahcj}d big}d~}

Lthamhgo rdb}i| Hcpadcdg}hgo o|ddg lthamhgo bigbdp}

hg ]njhajgmr bahcj}d .ei| gdw

lthamhgor(

Mdudaip }nd o|ddg lthamhgo bigbdp} jgm

othmdahgdr! drpdbhjaax ei| rcjaa lthamhgor jgm

|drhmdg}hja bicpad~dr

Hg}dgrhexhgo }nd hcpadcdg}j}hig ie

dgd|ox deehbhdgbx hg lthamhgor

Bigrhmd| }nd t}hah{j}hig ie gdw dgd|ox deehbhdgbx

}dbngiaiohdr

\drdj|bn jgm mdudaipcdg} ei|

|dgdwjlad dgd|ox jgm dgd|ox

deehbhdgbx hg }nd lthamhgo rdb}i|

P|ici}d |drdj|bn jgm mdudaipcdg} jgm }nd trd

ie rcjaa#rbjad |dgdwjlad }dbngiaiohdr hg

biccd|bhja ipd|j}higr! rtbn jr trhgo rcjaa

whgm }t|lhgdr hg nhon#|hrd lthamhgor

]|jgrpi|} rdb}i| P|ici}hgo dbi bj|r .rcjaa bj|r wh}n

nhon dgd|ox deehbhdgbx! nhon dchrrhig

r}jgmj|mr! jgm bndjpd| p|hbd( witam

hgb|djrd }nd gtcld| ie bj|r ig }nd

P|ici}d dbiaiohbja bj|r .etda deehbhdg} jgm aiw

dchrrhigr( jgm nxl|hm bj|r .ld jwj|d ie lj}}d|x

wjr}d(


64/72


Hg jmmh}hig }i rdb}i| bnjaadgodr! }nd|d j|d i}nd| aj|od#rbjad jgm etgmjcdg}jabnjaadgodr ei| ]njhajgm |doj|mhgo o|ddg jgm aiw#bj|lig mdudaipcdg} .]jlad 2'=('

]jlad 2'=; Rtppi|}hgo Cdbnjghrcr ei| O|ddg jgm Aiw#Bj|lig Mdudaipcdg}Hrrtd Riat}hig

Aiw#bj|lig bh}x Riahmhex hcpadcdg}j}hig ie aiw#bj|lig bh}hdr lx

mdudaiphgo j p|jb}hbja pajg i| othmdahgd i| }iiar ei| }nd bh}hdr }i eiaaiw }i ldj aiw#bj|lig bh}x

hg}|imtbhgo }nd aiw#bj|lig bh}x bigbdp} jr li}n |dmtbhgo o|ddgnitrd ojr

dchrrhigr jgm hgb|djrhgo bj|lig bjp}t|d jgm r}i|jod

hmdg}hexhgo bh}hdr jgm hrajgmr }i ld aiw#bj|lig bh}hdr }n|iton |dmtbhgoo|ddgnitrd ojr dchrrhigr jgm)i| hgb|djrhgo bj|lig bjp}t|d jgm r}i|jod!mdpdgmhgo ig aibja big}d~} ie djbn bh}x

ohuhgo p|hi|h}x }i }it|hr} mdr}hgj}higrHguiaud jgm biipd|j}d wh}n jaa r}jfdniamd|r ei| }nd d~dbt}hig ei| }nd aiw#bj|lig

bh}x hgh}hj}hud

Dmtbj}hig Dmtbj}d jgm p|iuhmd p|jb}hbja d~pd|hdgbd ig dgd|ox jgm dguh|igcdg} j} ud|xxitgo jod! ldohgghgo j} }nd dadcdg}j|x rbniia aduda

Hgb|djrd }nd dguh|igcdg}ja jwj|dgdrr ei| pdipad }n|iton cdmhj6 li}n }nd

oiud|gcdg} jgm ltrhgdrr rdb}i| rnitam }jfd jb}hig

Ptlahb pj|}hbhpj}hig hg

o|ddgnitrd ojr

|dmtb}hig

Jmm|drr }nd hrrtd ie dguh|igcdg}ja jwj|dgdrr ud|rtr jb}tja jb}hig lx

ejbhah}j}hgo dguh|igcdg}jaax e|hdgmax ldnjuhi|r! rtbn jr hcp|iuhgo }nd ptlahb

}|jgrpi|} rxr}dc jgm aiwd|hgo }nd bir}r ie ptlahb }|jgrpi|}! jgm hgr}jaahgo


65/72


\DED\DGBDR

Jf|jrjgdd! G'


66/72


Dgd|ox Piahbx jgm Pajgghgo Ieehbd' ' Dgd|ox Bigrd|uj}hig Pajg! Dgd|ox Bigrd|uj}hig Etgm.


67/72


P]] Ptlahb Bicpjgx' 'pme.jbbdrrdm


68/72


]njhajgm O|ddgnitrd Ojr Cjgjodcdg} I|ojgh{j}hig'


69/72

5?

JGGD^ H;

]jlad J:; Ltrhgdrr#Jr#Trtja Rbdgj|hi

'>

_jr}d OMP :0': :2'4 :2'> := :='2 :='= :='? :4 :4'2 :4'5 :4'8 :5'2 :5'5

Dadb}|hbh}x Odgd|j}hig >?'? >5'5 80'< 8='2 8>'2 :0< :05': ::0': ::='5 ::8'= : :22'5

]i}ja 20'< =8>'?

Rdb}i|

'= ?8'? >:': >4'= >5'=

Hgmtr}|hja P|ibdrr 50'? 5='= 5>'< ?2'8 >?'8 8< 85': 85'8 8?'> 8>'? 88'5 :00'5

ATATBE :>'8 :8 :8': :8'< :8'= :8'4 :8'5 :8'? :8'> :8'8 :>'= :>'> :8'< :8'5 8'8 :85'5 '2 '< 52?'?

Rdb}i|

'4 >'= '5 208'< 2 2>:':

]i}ja >5=' 8 >82' 2 84' ? :0:8' 2 :04=' < :080' > ::


70/72

5>

Gi}d; ]nd eh|r} ahgd ie }nd xdj| hr hg Bn|hr}hjg bjadgmj| xdj| jgm }nd rdbigm ahgd hr hg Ltmmnhr} bjadgmj| xdj| .biccigax trdm hg ]njhajgm(' ]nd cdjrt|hgo tgh} hg }nhr }jlad hr hg chaahig }igrie bj|lig mhi~hmd dzthujadg}'

Rit|bd; Kihg} O|jmtj}d Rbniia ei| Dgd|ox jgm Cjgjodcdg} '2 :8'< 8':

CjgtE' Hgmtr}|hja jgm Bigr' 2? 2? ='8 8'2 8'? :0'< :0'? ::'< ::'? : :2'2

]|jgrpi|} 50'2 5 54'8 5>'< ?0'= ?2'? ?5'> >0 >2'= >5'? 80'2 8=''= 48'< 50': 5: 5:'8 5 :4'< :4': :4': :4 :4': :8': :?'? :5'> :>'= :>'5 :>'? :>'>

_jr}d OMP :0': :2'4 :2'> := :='2 :='= :='? :4 :4'2 :4'5 :4'8 :5'2 :5'5

Dadb}|hbh}x Odgd|j}hig >?'? >5'? >5'< >>'4 8 88': :00'> 88'2 :00'4 :0='< :0?'8 :0?'>

]i}ja 2


71/72

58


Rit|bd; Kihg} O|jmtj}d Rbniia ei| Dgd|ox jgm Cjgjodcdg} '2 :8'< '8 8'2 8'? :0'< :0'? ::'< ::'? : :2'2

]|jgrpi|} 50'2 5 5='< 55'< 5>': ?: ?2'? ?5'4 ?8'? >'= 4>'= 4>'4 4>'4 4>'4 48'?'? >4'4 >='> >5'4 >8'2 80'> 8= 8='> 8


72/72

?0


Rit|bd; Kihg} O|jmtj}d Rbniia ei| Dgd|ox jgm Cjgjodcdg}

Documents

Development Trajectories, Emission Profile, and Policy Actions: Thailand