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3
Characteristics of Japan’s Energy Situation
� Ratio of natural gas in total primary energy supply islower than that of European countries and the US.
� High dependence on imported energy resources
� Japan’s national energy policies rank natural gas as avery important energy for Japan.
� Objectives of current national energy policies;
“Energy Security” and “Energy Conservation”
� Japan represents 40% of world’s LNG trading.
4
Japan’s Dependence on Imported Energy (2004)
ImportIndigenous
82%
Source: Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2003-2004, IEA
*IEA defines nuclear power as indigenous energy.
18%
� High dependence on imported energy resources
5
Trend of Primary Energy Supply in Japan
14% 14% 14% 14% 14%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Others
Hydro
Nuclear
Coal
NaturalGasOil
Source: IEEJ/EDMC, Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics in Japan 2007
� Total primary energy supply in Japan continues to increase.
(MTOE)
498 504 506 512 522
FY
6
Ratio of Natural Gas in Primary Energy Supply in Japan
14.6%
15.5%23.9%
20.6% 38.1%
24.4% 36.1%
2.9%
13.6% 9.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Japan France Germany Spain Italy U.S U.K China S. Korea Taiw an
Hydro
Nuclear
Coal
NaturalGasOil
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2007
� Japan’s ratio of natural gas is lower than that of European countriesand the US.
Japan
7
10%14% 18%
16%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
1990 2000 2030 2030
Hydro, Geothermal andSustainable Energy
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Coal
LPG
Oil
Standard Case Energy Saving Case
� Natural gas is expected to increase its sharefrom 14% (FY2000) to 18% (FY2030)
Japan’s Primary Energy Supply Outlook
Source: Subcommittee on Demand and Supply, Advisory Committee forNatural Resources and Energy, Interim Report 2005
(million kilolitre oil equivalent)
512
588607
536
47%38%
18% 17%
8
World’s Natural Gas Trade
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
billion m3
� LNG trade, which is popular in Asia-Pacific region, represents 28% of the world’snatural gas trade.
� Natural gas trade by pipeline is brisk in Europe and North America.
Pipeline
LNG
Source: Cedigaz
28%
9
World’s LNG Trade
Japan
World
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
(Thousand tons)
Source: Cedigaz
Start of LNGImporting
First Oil Shock Second Oil Shock Gulf War
� The world’s LNG trade volume is increasing rapidly.
10
Japan’s Share in World’s LNG Trade (2006 import)
Source: Cedigaz
US8%Others
11%
S.Korea16%
Japan38%
UK2%
Turkey3%
Spain12%
France7%
Belgium2%
Italy1%
� Japan accounts for nearly 40% of the world’s LNG transactions.
11
Current LNG Projects (Long term contract basis)
Alaska
IndonesiaAbu Dhabi
Malaysia
Australia
Qatar
Brunei
Oman
Qatar9.4%
Oman3.4%Abu Dhabi
6.7%
Indonesia28.4%
Malaysia19.4%Australia
21.4%
Brunei9.4%
Alaska2%
64 million ton(FY2006)
� Japan imports LNG from 8 countries/regions.
12
LNG Consumption
35%Power
Generation65%
Source: The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan
(as of 2005)
City Gas
� 65% of LNG is for power generation.
13
� Natural gas is a vital energy source both in terms of stable supplyand environmental protection.
Natural Gas in Government’s Energy Policy
Basic Plan for Energy Supply and Demand (Endorsed by the Cabinet in 2003)
Outlook for Energy Supply & Demand for 2030
Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan (Endorsed by the Cabinet on April, 2005)
� The share of natural gas will increase thanks to the spread of distributedpower sources. [2000:13% 2030:16%(Energy-saving case)]
(Summary as of March 2005)
� Natural gas is a clean source of energy that imposes a relatively smallenvironmental load.
� A shift to natural gas should be accelerated with due consideration forthe balance with other energy sources.
15
100.0
2.8
7.6
43.4
46.2
%
21236176Total
606500,001 or more
16214100,001 – 500,000
92207210,001 – 100,000
98148410,000 or less
TotalMunicipalPrivate
2.8%7.6%
43.4% 46.2%10,000 or less10,001 – 100,000100,001 – 500,000500,001 or more
(Number of Customers)
(as of the end of March, 2007)
� 212 city gas utilities in Japan� 1/6 are run by municipalities� 90% of utilities are medium- or small-sized
Number of City Gas Utilities
16
Source: The Japan Gas Association
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
'97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '0621
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Industrial
Residential
Commercial
Others
Sales volume (left axis)Number of customers
(million customers)
(FY)
(billion m3) 33.8 billion m3
Trend of Gas Sales Volume and Number of Customers(billion cubic meter)
� Gas sales volume increased for the 29th consecutive year.
�Residential: General households (cooking, water heating, air cooling and heating, drying, etc.)�Commercial: Companies/business establishments, wholesale/retail stores, restaurants, inns/hotels, department stores/supermarkets, beauty parlors, dry cleaningstores, amusement/entertainment facilities, boarding houses/dormitories, etc.�Industrial: Manufacturers, etc. in fields such as foodstuffs/food products, textiles, paper/pulp, chemicals, ceramics/earth/stone, steel, non-ferrous metals, metals,machinery, etc.�Others: Schools, public agencies, hospitals, clinics, medical offices, etc.
17
Gas Sales Volume by Sector and Utilities
*10,000kcal/m3
Source:The Japan Gas Association
Residential9.8 bcm(29.0%)
Commercial4.8bcm(14.2%)
Industrial16.5 bcm(48.8%)
Others2.8 bcm(8.0%)
Total: 33.8 bcm(FY 2006 )
Sales volume by sector (billion cubic meter)
Total: 33.8 bcm*10,000kcal/m3
(FY 2006 )
Tokyo Gas12.3 bcm(36.4%)
Osaka Gas8.9 bcm(26.3%)
Toho Gas3.8 bcm(11.2%)
Saibu Gas0.8 bcm(2.4%)
Others8.0 bcm(23.7%)
Sales volume by utilities (billion cubic meter)
� 212 city gas utilities in Japan (as of the end of March, 2007)
� *‘Big 4’ utilities represents 76.3% of total sales volume in Japan
*Big 4: The four biggest utilities are Tokyo Gas, Osaka Gas, Toho Gas and Saibu Gas
18
Number of Customers by Sector and by Utilities
Source:The Japan Gas Association
The Japan LPgas Association
Residential94.0%
(26.4million)
Commercial4.6%
(1.3 million)
Industrial0.4%
(0.1 million)Others1.0%
(0.3 million)
26.1 millionTotal*Reference: LPG Customers
Total: 28.1 millioncustomers
(as of Apr. 2007)
(as of April 2007)� The number of natural gas customers is 28.1 million, while that of LPG is 26.1
million
� *The big 4 utilities’ customers account for 71.6% of the nation’s city gas customers.*The big 4: Tokyo Gas, Osaka Gas, Toho Gas and Saibu Gas
TokyoOsaka
TohoSaibu
Big 4: 71.6%
Others: 28.4%
19
Current Situation of City Gas Industry
� No nation-wide trunk line
� Major gas utilities; LNG importer and distributor
� Wider range of responsibilities for safety
� No combination utility (gas and electricity)
� Fierce competition with other energy sources
� METI --- Sole regulator
21
Gas Fired Cogeneration
- Natural gas fired cogeneration
* Steam turbine not included* The target includes fuel cell cogeneration
3.13
2.422.15
1.901.69
1.511.331.19
1.000.87
3.59
43,263
25,641
709 796 906 1,0141,1511,4001,6732,5785,778
13,785
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2008 20100
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
a
b
Operating capacity (GW)
4.98GWOperating capacity
Number of systems
FY
Source: The Japan Gas Association
Number ofinstallations
• Diffusion of gas cogeneration systems and the target
4.00
22
Residential Cogeneration
• “Eco-Will,” 1kW gas fueled engine cogeneration system
• Energy efficiency: 85%
(Generating efficiency: 20%, Exhaust heat recovery: 65%)
• Target: 175 thousand units in 2010
Trademark of Eco-Will
23
Residential High-efficiency Water Heater
• Heat efficiency: 95%
• Target: 2million units in 2010
• “Eco-Jozu,” a condensing water heater
Water
Gas
Hot
Air
Drainage
Burner
Exhaust heat (50-80˚C)
Heat exchanger 2
Heat exchanger 180% Efficiency
Totalefficiency
95%
10-15%Efficiency
24
7.14 7.42 7.74 8.01 8.25 8.47
2.57 2.85 3.14
1.73 1.98 2.28
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 (FY)Source: The Japan Gas Association
11.61 million RT10.5810.02
9.408.87Gas Heat Pump
Absorption Chiller
(million refrigerant ton)
Gas Air Conditioning
� 22.3% of the entire installed capacity of air conditioners nationwide(as of fiscal ’05, excl. residential use)
Diffusion of gas air conditioning
11.10
25
31,462
24,26320,638
16,561
12,012
49 123 243 421 759 1,211 2,0933,640
5,252
7,811
27,605
324
138
107
8262
4734
241266
181
224
270
288 311
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
'91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '060
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
a
bNumber of NGVs
(number of NGVs)(natural gas rapidrefueling stations)
(FY)
Natural Gas Vehicle
Diffusion of NGV and refueling stations
Source: The Japan Gas Association
� 31,462 NGVs and 324 refueling stations
Natural gas rapidrefueling stations
26
Fuel Cell
Panasonic Model (1 kW PEFC)
• Target: 2.2 GW (including 1.2 GW for residential use) in 2010
• Apr. ’05: Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. installed the world’s first
commercial PEFC.
• Efforts of gas companies and FC manufacturers:
- Lower cost and higher durability
• R&D for SOFC
27
Conclusion --- Our Challenge
In the upstream sector In the downstream sector
Gas Utilities’ Measures
Contributing to improvementsin energy security
� Ensuring a long-term stablesupply of LNG
� Promoting wide-area andadvanced use of natural gas
�Reducing price by increasing the efficiency of businessmanagement�Maintaining and improving levels of security and services
Enhancing theEnhancing thevalue forvalue for
customerscustomers
We will continue to raise the value of natural gasthe value of natural gas forfor customers.customers.
Contributing to energyconservation and reductions in
CO2