Upload
earl-bracken
View
217
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Determining the Impact of Stream Nutrient Loading on Metaphyton in Littoral
Areas of Conesus Lake
Peter D’Aiuto
Department of Biological Sciences
S.U.N.Y. Brockport
About Metaphyton: Defined as: littoral algae, neither strictly attached to substrata nor truly
suspended In Conesus Lake, metaphyton exists in close association with Eurasian
Water MilfoilZygnema and Spirogyra make up the metaphyton incubated throughout
study
Eurasian Water Milfoil Zygnema & Spirogyra
Aerial Photographs:Aircraft: Ultra light Pilot: Jim Raffa Altitude: 900-1400 ft.
Camera: Cannon EOS Rebel, 35 mm, Polarizing Filter
Eel GrassEel Grass
Water MilfoilWater Milfoil
MetaphytonMetaphyton
Hypothesis: High Nutrient Stream Loading Contributes to Increased Metaphyton BiomassI. Feed Stream Effluent (Experiment)
and Lake Water (Control) into Incubation Chambers
Containing Metaphyton.
II. Determine Biomass of Metaphyton Before and After a 3-day Incubation Period.
III. Sample Stream and Lake Water During Periods of Incubation and Analyze for NO3 and SRP.
IV. Conduct Enrichment Experiments Using various Concentrations of SRP and NO3
Surface of Lake
-
Bilge Pump-Filter Apparatus
B
Incubation Chambers
D
+
The incubation chambers are placed in shallow lake water allowing the top 20 cm of the chambers to extend above the water. B – Vinyl tubing (L = 6.1m), D – Electrical Wire, E – Deep cycle battery12 V.
Metaphyton Incubation ChambersThree Components of Experimental Unit:
1. Incubation Chambers 2. Bilge Pump - Filter Apparatus 3. Deep Cycle batteries
E
The experiment was conducted 9 times during the summers of 2001 and 2002.
Nested ANOVA was used to determine significant differences in growth.
Experimental Design:
1 km
Conesus Lake
Cottonwood Creek
Sand Point Gully
N. McMillan Creek
Hanna’s Creek
Graywood GullyWilkins Creek
Densmore Creek
II. Determination of Change in Biomass
1. Metaphyton was collected near experimental sites and placed in bucket of lake water.
2. Transported to SUNY Geneseo lab (~8mi. away)
3. Centrifuged with a salad spinner for 2 minutes.
4. Weighed and placed in brown bottles filled with lake water.
5. Algae was introduced into incubation chambers with the use of a funnel.
6. After three days, similar procedure was used to determine a change in biomass.
Comparison of Spun Weight to Dry Weight of Filamentous Algae
R2 = 0.99480
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Sp
un
Weig
ht
(mg
)
Dry Weight (mg)
III. Determination of nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorous: 1. Water samples were collected in front of
intake filters of the control and experimental sites.
2. Samples were then filtered through .45-m membrane filters and placed on ice until transported to the SUNY Brockport Water Quality Lab.
3. Samples were kept at 4ºC until analysis.
4. SRP Determination: Automated Ascorbic Acid Method (APHA 4500-P F)
5. NO3 Determination: Automated Cadmium Reduction Method (APHA 4500- NO3 F)
INCUBATION CHAMBER RESULTS:
Graywood Gully 6/18/2002 NO3 SRPAlgae Bef. Algae After Difference % Growth SD mg/L ug/L pH T(C)
St 1 0.62 2.32 1.71 277.80 35 6/18 18.43 176.2 7.69 18St 2 1.23 4.69 3.46 282.33 6/19 17.60 196.7 7.48 18St 3 0.94 2.90 1.96 208.46 6/20 17.05 144.0 7.45 21St 4 1.37 5.10 3.73 272.30 6/21 15.53 70.9 7.51
AVG: 260.22 17.15 146.95 7.53Lk 5 0.92 2.02 1.09 118.03 50 6/18 0.05 12.3 8.16 21Lk 6 0.96 2.81 1.85 191.94 6/19 0.09 4.9 7.81 20Lk 7 0.85 2.67 1.82 213.30 6/20 0.06 3.7 7.91 21Lk 8 0.64 2.63 1.98 308.36 6/21 0.11 3.4 7.60
AVG: 174.42 0.08 6.08 7.87
9 Experiments Were Run During the Summers of 2001 & 2002
Locations: Hanna’s Creek, Graywood Gully, Sand Point, Cottonwood, Densmore Creek, N. McMillan, Wilkins Creek (3).
Ch
amb
ers
INCUBATION CHAMBER RESULTS:Applied Nested ANOVA:
Stream Loading Contributes to Increased Biomass.Stream Loading Contributes to Increased Biomass.
Ho:There is no difference among the stream and lake water in affecting biomass of metaphyton. Reject Ho. .05 > P > .025
Gre
yw
ood
Sand P
oin
t
Cottonw
ood
Densm
ore
Wilk
ins
Wilk
ins
Hanna's
Wilk
ins
N. M
cM
illan
050
100150200250300350400450
% G
row
th
% Growth Stream Sites vs % Growth of Lake Sites
Lake Sites
Stream Sites
Gra
ywoo
d
INCUBATION CHAMBER RESULTS:
Wilk
ins
Den
smor
e
Wilk
ins
Cot
tonw
ood
San
d P
oint
Gre
ywoo
d
Han
na's
0
5
10
15
20
25
Cha
nge
in
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/L
or u
g/L)
Change in SRP and NO3 Concentrations Between Stream and Lake Water
Nitrate
SRP
All Experiments That Showed an Increase in Biomass of Stream Fed Metaphyton, Had Higher SRP Levels In the Stream Effluent Compared to Lake Water
(To 140)
Gra
ywoo
d
INCUBATION CHAMBER RESULTS:% Growth STREAM % Growth LAKE Change in % Growth
Densmore 415.06 168.8 246.26Wilkins 449.01 288.55 160.46
Cottonwood 413.49 271.69 141.80Wilkins 344.44 207.45 136.99
Sand Point 299.04 208.78 90.26Graywood 260.22 174.42 85.80
Hanna's 69.38 45.55 23.83N. McMillan 104.84 102.65 2.19
Change in % Growth vs. Location
0
50
100
150
200
250
Ch
an
ge
in
% G
row
th
To Compare Stream Effluent Growth Potential Amongst Sites, (% Growth Lake) was subtracted from (% Growth Stream)
One Way ANOVA Shows Highly Significant Difference Between Sites. (P = .000002)
Tukey Multiple Comparison Test Used To Compare Means
Gra
ywoo
d
INCUBATION CHAMBER RESULTS:
%Growth of Metaphyton Increased as pH Decreased
All 14 Data Points Three Data Points Left Out1) Cottonwood Creek Stream 2) Cottonwood Creek Lake3) Densmore Creek Lake
% Growth vs. pH
R2 = 0.1988
0
100
200
300
400
500
6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00
pH
% G
row
th
% Growth vs. pH
R2 = 0.7177
0
100
200
300
400
500
6.00 6.50 7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00
pH
% G
row
th
StreamStream LakeLake
C
D E F G
B
A
C
•For clarity, only four incubation chambers and four carboys are shown. •Actual experiments were run with eight incubation chambers ect.
A – Tygon tubing (90 cm), B – Tygon tubing (300 cm), C – 1ml pipet, D – Carboys ( 4 L), E – Peristaltic pump, F – Incubation chambers, G – Filter / bilge pump assembly, H – Deep cycle battery.
Enrichment Experiment
To To BatteryBattery
SRP ug/l 0 0 0 0 16 16 16 16NO3 mg/L 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
TARGET ENRICHMENT CONCENTRATIONS
Enrichment Experiment
171
143
7658
10691
151
61
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
-3 2 7 12 17 22
ug SRP/L
mg
NO
3/L
%%
%%
%%
%%
%%
%%
%%%%
Results:Results:
* Red Values Represent % Growth of Metaphyton
Conclusion And Summary:1. Experimental results show metaphyton
growth increased with elevated levels of SRP.
• In Conesus Lake, metaphyton may be limited by phosphorous and not nitrate.
• Metaphyton growth increased as pH decreased.
• Growth potential was significantly different amongst the experimental sites around the lake.
• Stream Effluent Enhances Metaphyton Biomass in Conesus Lake.
Acknowledgements: Dr. Joseph Makarewicz
Dr. Isidro Bosch
Dr. Christopher Norment
Theodore Lewis
These Results Offer a Benchmark to Measure the Effectiveness of Watershed BMPs on the Metaphyton of Conesus Lake