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N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX Design technology Standard level Paper 1 © International Baccalaureate Organization 2015 13 pages 8815 – 6204 Instructions to candidates Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer all the questions. For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on the answer sheet provided. The maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks]. 45 minutes Friday 13 November 2015 (afternoon)

Design technology Standard level Paper 1...4 9. Figure 1 shows the prototype of a solar-powered electric car the Blue car that was developed collaboratively by Italian car designer

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N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

Design technologyStandard levelPaper 1

© International Baccalaureate Organization 201513 pages8815 – 6204

Instructions to candidates

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks].

45 minutes

Friday 13 November 2015 (afternoon)

– 2 –

1. What would be a constraint on the design brief for a new car (automobile)?

A. Complies with relevant safety legislation

B. Isfuel-efficient

C. Is suitable for a wide target market

D. Is ergonomically designed

2. Which ideas generating technique focuses on the key features of a design?

A. Constructive discontent

B. Morphological synthesis

C. Attribute listing

D. Brainstorming

3. At what stage of the design cycle could an orthographic drawing be useful?

I. Researching

II. Developing solutions

III. Realizing solution

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. I, II and III

4. Whyisthedesigncycleoftenseenasdifficulttointerpret?

A. Because it is sequential

B. Because it is iterative

C. Because it is linear

D. Because it has different stages

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 3 –

Turn over

5. Which ideas generating technique requires teamwork?

A. Analogy

B. Adaptation

C. Brainstorming

D. Attribute listing

6. Inwhichcycle(s)isthedesignermostinfluential?

Design cycle Product cycle

A. No No

B. No Yes

C. Yes No

D. Yes Yes

7. What is often not a characteristic of a lone inventor?

A. Business-like

B. Creative

C. Determined

D. Tenacious

8. Which combination of manufacturer resistance and consumer resistance may make a “take back” policyforwashingmachinesdifficulttoimplement?

Manufacturer resistance Consumer resistance

A. No No

B. No Yes

C. Yes No

D. Yes Yes

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 4 –

9. Figure 1 shows the prototype of a solar-powered electric car – the Blue car – that was developed collaboratively by Italian car designer Pininfarina and French battery manufacturer Bolloré. The Blue car has solar panels on its roof. It has a top speed of 80 mph and a range of 155 miles per charge. The prototype went into mass production and was available in Europe from 2010.

Figure 1: The Blue Car

[Source: Concept car designed and developed by Pininfarina. www.pininfarina.com.]

At what stage of its life cycle would life cycle analysis of the Blue car be likely to enable the greatest additional reduction in its environmental impact?

A. Production

B. Distribution

C. Use

D. Disposal

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 5 –

Turn over

10. Figure 2 shows ballpoint pens produced by injection moulding.

Figure 2: Ballpoint pens produced by injection moulding

[Source: “4 Bic Cristal pens and caps” by Carlos Delgado. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4_Bic_Cristal_pens_and_caps.jpg#/media/File:4_Bic_Cristal_pens_and_caps.jpg]

Which considerations would have been important in the design of the product shown in Figure 2?

I. Design for materials

II. Design for process

III. Design for disassembly

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. I, II and III

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 6 –

11. Which combination of “environmental impact” and “volume of production” characterizes a product categorythatwouldbenefitmostfromlifecycleanalysis?

Environmental impact Volume of production

A. Low High

B. Low Low

C. High High

D. High Low

12. Whatisdefinedas:“amixtureoftwoormoresubstanceswithoneactingasthematrixorglue”?

A. Compound

B. Molecule

C. Alloy

D. Composite

13. Which is the most important property in relation to the selection of the liquid for use in a liquid-in-glass thermometer (Figure 3)?

Figure 3: Liquid-in-glass thermometer

[Source: “Clinical thermometer 38.7” by Menchi – “Clinical thermometer 38.7” by Menchi - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons -

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG#/media/File:Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG]

A. Highthermalexpansivity

B. High thermal conductivity

C. High electrical resistivity

D. High electrical conductivity

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 7 –

Turn over

14. What is an advantage of using softwood timber, rather than metal or plastic, as the material for the replacement window frames of a house?

A. Cheaper

B. Easy to adapt on-site

C. Nofinishrequired

D. Resistance to decay

15. What is responsible for metals being very good electrical and thermal conductors?

A. The sharing of electrons between atoms

B. The movement of free electrons

C. The release of an electric charge on impact

D. The molecules are not tightly packed

16. Which is the principal component of glass?

A. Silicondioxide

B. Leadoxide

C. Sodiumoxide

D. Calciumoxide

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 8 –

17. Which plastic material would be most suitable for making foam cushions?

A. Polypropene

B. Polyethene

C. Polyurethane

D. Polyvinyl chloride

18. Whatexplainstheeffectofcreepinaplasticmaterialunderaheavyload?

A. Molecular chains remain static

B. A 3D molecular structure is formed

C. Secondary bonds weaken

D. Primary bonds weaken

19. Which property of a material would enable it to be used in the development of a sensor for an airbag in a car?

A. Electro-rheostatic

B. Magneto-rheostatic

C. Piezoelectric

D. Shape memory alloy

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 9 –

Turn over

20. Figure 4 shows a graph of costs and sales income (in dollars) against volume of production.

Figure 4: Costs and sales income (in dollars) against volume of production

D

C

B

A

0 Volume of production

Sales i

ncom

e

Total costs

Cos

ts a

nd s

ales

inco

me

(in d

olla

rs)

What in Figure 4representsthefixedcostsofdevelopingaproduct?

A. A

B. B–A

C. C–B

D. D–C

21. The availability of which new sources of power in the Industrial Revolution led to the introduction of mechanization?

I. Water

II. Electricity

III. Steam

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. I, II and III

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 10 –

22. Whichscaleofproductionoffersthemostflexibility?

A. Craft

B. Mechanization

C. Automation

D. Mass customization

23. For which production approaches do customer requirements dominate?

Mass customization Craft production

A. No No

B. No Yes

C. Yes No

D. Yes Yes

24. What best describes the product life cycle for fashion and planned obsolescence?

Fashion Planned obsolescence

A. Unpredictable product cycle Unpredictable product cycle

B. Unpredictable product cycle Predictable product cycle

C. Predictable product cycle Unpredictable product cycle

D. Predictable product cycle Predictable product cycle

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 11 –

Turn over

25. Whatbestdescribestheindividualsinvolvedinausertrialandanexpertappraisal?

User trial Expert appraisal

A. Non-specialist Non-specialist

B. Non-specialist Specialist

C. Specialist Non-specialist

D. Specialist Specialist

26. Whatismostlikelytopromoteconsumerconfidenceinrelationtoapurchasingdecision?

A. Guarantee

B. Consumer association reports of similar products

C. Price

D. Value for money

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 12 –

Questions 27–30 relate to the following case study. Please read the case study carefully and answer the questions.

TheNokiaproductportfoliocomprisesseveralproductfamilies(series),forexample,theNseries, the E series, the C series. Figure 5 shows the N series product family.

Figure 5: Nokia N series product family

27. What is not true of a product family?

A. It is based on robust design

B. It is based on modular design

C. Different models are produced through radical design

D. Itiscost-effectiveforamanufacturerasthebenefitsofinvestmentinresearchanddevelopmentcostsaremaximized

28. What are potential advantages of developing a product portfolio based on product families for manufacturers?

I. Reducedfixedcosts

II. Reduced variable costs

III. Shorter time to market

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. I, II and III

Please go to this link: http://www.brighthub.com/mobile/symbian-platform/reviews/77489.aspx

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 13 –

29. Whyisteamworkanimportantaspectofthedevelopmentofhi-techproducts,forexample, mobile phones?

A. Hi-tech products are constantly updated to make them more commercially viable

B. Hi-techproductsareextremelycomplexandneedskillsfromdifferentdisciplines

C. Getting hi-tech products to market includes product launches and marketing

D. A lone inventor may lack the business acumen to push an invention through to innovation

30. If Nokia used just-in-time (JIT) rather than just-in-case (JIC) what would be increased?

A. Product reliability

B. Requirements for capital investment

C. Issues relating to stock control

D. Efficiencyofproduction

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

2 pages

Markscheme

November 2015

Design technology

Standard level

Paper 1

– 2 – N15/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

1. A 16. A 31. – 46. – 2. C 17. C 32. – 47. – 3. C 18. C 33. – 48. – 4. B 19. C 34. – 49. – 5. C 20. A 35. – 50. – 6. C 21. B 36. – 51. – 7. A 22. A 37. – 52. – 8. D 23. D 38. – 53. – 9. D 24. B 39. – 54. – 10. A 25. B 40. – 55. – 11. C 26. A 41. – 56. – 12. D 27. C 42. – 57. – 13. A 28. B 43. – 58. – 14. A 29. B 44. – 59. – 15. B 30. D 45. – 60. –

Candidate session number

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Design technologyStandard levelPaper 2

© International Baccalaureate Organization 201518 pages8815 – 6205

Instructions to candidates

• Write your session number in the boxes above.• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Section A: answer all questions.• Section B: answer one question.• Write your answers in the boxes provided.• A calculator is required for this paper.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].

1 hour

Friday 13 November 2015 (afternoon)

20EP01

– 2 –

Section A

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

1. Gold has been a valuable global material for thousands of years. Gold jewellery accounts for the majority of demand for the raw material, but gold is also attractive to investors and is increasingly being used in the electronics industry due to a purity value of 99.999 % and the ability to be drawn into a wire 10 µm (10 micron) in diameter. Gold is used to connect semi-conductors and electronic circuits. Gold is also used for coating plastic touchscreens of mobile phones which makes the phones lighter and more flexible than traditional glass screen phones. Figure 1 is a chart showing the main uses of gold in 2012. Figures 2 and 3 are charts relating to the demand for, and supply of, gold in 2012.

[Source: Adapted from Royal Society of Chemistry: Resources That Don’t Cost The Earth, Sunday Telegraph Business Reporter Section (2012)]

Figure 1: Uses of gold (2012)

Jewellery (84 600 tonnes) 49 %

Governments (30 100 tonnes) 17 %

Investment (34 700 tonnes) 20 %

Technology (21 200 tonnes) 12 %

Miscellaneous (3600 tonnes) 2 %

[Source: Statistics sourced from the World Gold Council]

Figure 2: Demand for gold (2012)

Investment (1483 tonnes) 36.3 %

Technology (439 tonnes) 10.8 %

Jewellery (2002 tonnes) 49.0 %

Central bank net purchases (160 tonnes) 3.9 %

[Source: Statistics sourced from the World Gold Council]

(This question continues on the following page)

20EP02

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 3 –

Turn over

(Question 1 continued)

Figure 3: Supply of gold (2012)

Mine production (2547 tonnes) 61.4 %

Recycled gold (1600 tonnes) 38.6 %

[Source: Statistics sourced from the World Gold Council]

(a) (i) State the property important to create gold wire. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) State the property important for the use of gold wire in electronic circuits. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Outline one benefit of the high purity of gold for electronic circuits. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(This question continues on the following page)

20EP03

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 4 –

(Question 1 continued)

(b) (i) Outline which aspect of demand for gold is likely to increase at a fast, consistent rate during the next ten years. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Outline one reason why gold used for jewellery may not be recycled even though the jewellery becomes unfashionable. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) (i) State one advantage of touchscreens for mobile (cell) phones being more flexible than glass. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(This question continues on the following page)

20EP04

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 5 –

Turn over

(Question 1 continued)

(ii) Explain why increasing the amount of gold that is recycled from technology may be difficult. [3]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20EP05

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 6 –

2. (a) State why timber is a natural composite material. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Compare the use of pine wood with mahogany as materials for flooring in relation to safety for users. [3]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20EP06

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 7 –

Turn over

3. (a) State what is meant by “pseudo-elasticity” with reference to shape memory alloys (SMAs). [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Explain why composite materials are usually difficult to recycle. [3]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20EP07

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 8 –

Section B

Answer one question. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

4. Figure 4 shows the cardboard bicycle designed by Izhar Gafni an Israeli inventor and cycling enthusiast. He was inspired to design the bicycle when he learnt that another inventor had managed to design a canoe from cardboard. The cardboard for the bicycle has a special coating manufactured from organic materials which renders the material waterproof and fireproof. All components of the bicycle are made from recyclable materials and there are no metal parts. The bicycle only has a single gear. The bicycle can be manufactured for approximately £10 ($15) and sponsorship has been gained so it can be given away free to people in developing countries. Different sizes of the bicycle will be available and there are plans to use a similar technique to design a cardboard wheelchair.

Figure 4: Cardboard bicycle

[Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Cardboard_Technologies_cardboard_bicycle.jpg/800px-Cardboard_Technologies_cardboard_bicycle.jpg by Marcus Qwertyus]

(a) (i) State the physical property of cardboard which makes it appropriate to use for the bicycle in Figure 4. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Outline one limitation of the surface finish of the cardboard bicycle in relation to life cycle. [2]

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(Question 4 continued)

(iii) Outline one limitation of the use of the cardboard bicycle by people in developing countries who need it as a main form of personal transport. [2]

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(b) (i) State the ideas generating technique which acted as a stimulus for the design of the cardboard bicycle. [1]

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(ii) Discuss the design of the cardboard bicycle in relation to safety. [3]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 4 continued)

(c) (i) Outline the scale of production for the cardboard bicycle. [2]

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(ii) Discuss the ergonomics of the cardboard bicycle in relation to physiological factors, psychological factors (perception) and anthropometrics. [9]

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20EP10

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Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

20EP11

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5. Figure 5 shows the Spoutnik microwave oven manufactured by Fagor (Spain). The oven is named after the Sputnik satellite which was the first satellite launched into the Earth’s orbit. A feature of the Spoutnik oven is the shape which creates more space for cooking large food products such as whole chickens and the user has the benefit of a 360˚ view of food being cooked.

Figure 5: Spoutnik microwave oven

[Source: Spoutnik microwave manufactured by Fagor]

(a) (i) State the ideas generating technique which acted as the stimulus for the design of the microwave oven in Figure 5. [1]

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(ii) Outline why it is unlikely that most users would benefit from the 360˚ view of food being cooked. [2]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 5 continued)

(iii) Outline how the Fagor company might meet energy labelling requirements for the Spoutnik oven in a global marketplace where the requirements vary depending on the geographical location. [2]

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(b) (i) State the product life cycle stage for microwave ovens. [1]

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(ii) Explain one limitation of the design of the microwave oven in Figure 5 for integrating it into a contemporary kitchen layout. [3]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 5 continued)

(c) (i) Outline the physical property important for the choice of a suitable material to ensure the safety of the body of the microwave oven in Figure 5. [2]

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(ii) Explain how the design team might use the strategies of user trial, user research and performance test as part of the research and development phase for the Spoutnik microwave oven. [9]

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20EP14

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Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

20EP15

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6. Figures 6 and 7 show the Teanest compact table and chairs set by designer Jody Leach. The two chairs tuck neatly under the table (Figure 7). The furniture is manufactured from composite timber (plywood) and is designed to be self-assembled (flat-pack). It is available in white, black or red with a protective finish (varnish).

Figure 6: Teanest table and chairs Figure 7: Teanest table and chairs (compact)

[Source: www.jodyleach.com. Used with permission.]

(a) (i) State the manufacturing technique used to join together the components of the table and chair set. [1]

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(ii) Outline the design for manufacture (DfM) strategy which has been a dominating constraint on the design brief for the table and chairs. [2]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 6 continued)

(iii) Outline how mass customization could improve the appeal of the table and chairs for consumers. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) (i) State the most appropriate type of drawing to use with instructions to show consumers how to self-assemble the table and chairs. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Discuss the design of the table and chairs in relation to planned obsolescence. [3]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(This question continues on the following page)

20EP17

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 18 –

(Question 6 continued)

(c) (i) Outline the impact of research and development (R&D) costs on the final cost of the table and chairs. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Discuss three considerations for the design of the table and chairs in relation to cost-effective manufacturing. [9]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20EP18

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

20EP19

Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

20EP20

N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

10 pages

Markscheme

November 2015

Design technology

Standard level

Paper 2

– 2 – N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

This markscheme is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of the IB Assessment Centre.

– 3 – N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Subject Details: Design Technology SL Paper 2 Markscheme

Mark Allocation

Candidates are required to answer ALL questions in Section A (total [20 marks]) ONE question in Section B [20 marks]. Maximum total = [40 marks].

1. A markscheme often has more marking points than the total allows. This is intentional.

2. Each marking point has a separate line and the end is shown by means of a semicolon (;).

3. An alternative answer or wording is indicated in the markscheme by a slash (/). Either wording canbe accepted.

4. Words in brackets ( ) in the markscheme are not necessary to gain the mark.

5. Words that are underlined are essential for the mark.

6. The order of marking points does not have to be as in the markscheme, unless stated otherwise.

7. If the candidate’s answer has the same “meaning” or can be clearly interpreted as being ofequivalent significance, detail and validity as that in the markscheme then award the mark.Where this point is considered to be particularly relevant in a question it is emphasized byOWTTE (or words to that effect).

8. Remember that many candidates are writing in a second language. Effective communication ismore important than grammatical accuracy.

9. Occasionally, a part of a question may require an answer that is required for subsequentmarking points. If an error is made in the first marking point then it should be penalized. However, ifthe incorrect answer is used correctly in subsequent marking points then follow through marksshould be awarded. When marking indicate this by adding ECF (error carried forward) on the script.

10. Do not penalize candidates for errors in units or significant figures, unless it is specifically referredto in the markscheme.

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Section A

1. (a) (i) Award [1] for stating the property important to create gold wire.ductility; [1]

(ii) Award [1] for stating the property important for use of gold wire in electroniccircuits.electrical resistivity (conductivity); [1]

(iii) Award [1] for stating one benefit of the high purity of gold for electroniccircuits and [1] for a brief explanation.the purity value needs to be high for electrical conductivity to be effective insuch thin wires;impurities would create interference in the signal; [2]

(b) (i) Award [1] for stating which aspect of demand for gold is likely to increase ata fast, consistent rate during the next ten years and [1] for a brief explanation. technology; limited product life cycle for electronic products so more opportunities for recycling/increased demand for electronic devices as global wealth increases; [2]

(ii) Award [1] for stating one reason why gold used for jewellery may not berecycled even though the jewellery becomes unfashionable and [1] for abrief explanation. [2 max].gold jewellery is expensive/precious to most people so is often kept for along time even if not worn;the jewellery may become a family heirloom and handed down throughgenerations;

many items of gold jewellery can be disassembled and the gold partsreassembled for a new design;rather than melted down for recycling;

weight for weight gold for melting down is worth less than gold in jewellery;so consumers may consider it worth keeping the jewellery and hope itcomes back into fashion;

much gold jewellery in circulation transcends contemporary fashion;it may be kept to wear on special occasions/can be worn with varied typesof fashionable clothing;

there is a high demand for second-hand jewellery;so items are often resold when no longer required; [2 max]

– 5 – N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

(c) (i) Award [1] for stating one advantage of touchscreens for mobile (cell)phones being more flexible than glass. [1 max]. less chance of damage if dropped; safer if damaged; [1 max]

(ii) Award [1] for each distinct point in an explanation of why increasing theamount of gold that is recycled from technology may be difficult.global marketplace but recycling facilities limited geographically;collection and distribution costs high;much investment required and currently technology relatively smallpercentage of demand;time consuming as difficult to separate the small amounts of gold out of theproduct; [3 max]

2. (a) Award [1] for stating why timber is a natural composite material.it is composed of cellulose fibres in a lignin matrix; [1]

(b) Award [1] for each distinct point in a comparison of the use of pinewood withmahogany as materials for flooring in relation to safety for users.

both timbers may produce splinters which could cause injury to users;however, pinewood is more likely to splinter as the grain pattern is very wide;mahogany has a close grain and is less likely to splinter;

mahogany is harder and more durable making it less likely to wear over time;which would minimise the potential for the floor to become worn/slippery;however both timbers can be treated with a hardening finish;

[3]

3. (a) Award [1] for stating what is meant by “pseudo-elasticity” with reference to shapememory alloys (SMAs). the shape memory effect on the material caused by a load (force) allows severe deformation of the material but it returns to its original shape after heating; [1]

(b) Award [1] for each distinct point in an explanation of why composite materials areusually difficult to recycle.composite materials are a combination of different materialsjoined/mixed/blended together;they are very difficult to separate into the constituent materials which isnecessary for recycling;and some composite materials are designed by large corporations for specificapplications with their composition kept secret; [3]

– 6 – N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Section B

4. (a) (i) Award [1] for stating the physical property of cardboard which makes itappropriate to use for the bicycle in Figure 4. toughness; [1]

(ii) Award [1] for stating one limitation of the surface finish of the cardboardbicycle in relation to life cycle and [1] for a brief explanation.the surface is likely to get scratched;then the cardboard will be exposed and become less waterproof/lessdurable; [2]

(iii) Award [1] for stating one limitation of the use of the cardboard bicycle bypeople in developing countries who need it as a main form of personaltransport and [1] for a brief explanation.it will be difficult to attach products for storage/carrying;cardboard is not a good material to drill holes etc so potentially weakeningthe frame;

road conditions may not be suitable;making the bike uncomfortable/difficult to ride; [2]

(b) (i) Award [1] for stating the ideas generating technique which acted as astimulus for the design of the cardboard bicycle. adaption; [1]

(ii) Award [1] per distinct point in a discussion of the design of the cardboardbicycle in relation to safety.when used in developing countries the roads are likely to be very rough;the frame of the bicycle may become weak with constant vibration;and cause an accident/endanger the rider;

tyres can not be changed/modified;which may not be suitable for all road or weather conditions;which may lead to rider accidents;

the bicycle is lightweight;which could cause it to become unstable in windy conditions;which may lead to rider accidents; [3]

– 7 – N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

(c) (i) Award [1] for stating the scale of production for the cardboard bicycle and[1] for a brief explanation.batch;produced in a range of sizes so limited/set number for each size; [2]

(ii) Award [1] per distinct point in a discussion of the ergonomics of thecardboard bicycle in relation to physiological factors, psychological factors(perception) and anthropometrics. [3 max per ergonomic consideration].physiological:the bicycle is a simple design with a minimum of working parts;comfort is compromised by the hard seat/tyres;the bicycle does not have gears so the rider will have to work hard to traveluphill/will become more fatigued;

psychological:users will need to come to terms with the perception that the bicycle is notsafe/robust enough;and it is suitable for use as with a conventional metal bicycle;and is not just a toy/plaything;

anthropometrics:no adjustability/limited range of sizes;so not very suitable as a good fit for a wide range of users;which could impact on efficiency of cycling/safety; [9]

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5. (a) (i) Award [1] for stating the ideas generating technique which acted as thestimulus for the design of the microwave oven in Figure 5. analogy; [1]

(ii) Award [1] for stating why it is unlikely that most users would benefit fromthe 360° view of food being cooked and [1] for a brief explanation.most microwaves are placed on kitchen work surfaces next to awall/cupboard/not in a freestanding area;users would not therefore be able to see all the way round the oven; [2]

(iii) Award [1] for stating how the Fagor company might meet energy labellingrequirements for the Spoutnik oven in a global marketplace where therequirements vary depending on the geographical location and [1] for abrief explanation.in order to be able to sell the Spoutnik in all regions the company shouldaim to reach the most stringent requirements;and so exceeding the requirements of some regions; [2]

(b) (i) Award [1] for stating the product life cycle stage for microwave ovens.mature; [1]

(ii) Award [1] for each distinct point in an explanation of one limitation of thedesign of the microwave oven in Figure 5 for integrating it into acontemporary kitchen layout.shape;contemporary kitchen designs usually have integratedappliances/appliances hidden behind cupboard doors/in enclosed spaces;rectangular shapes appliances are usually necessary for thispurpose/round shapes do not meet a typical modular design standard; [3]

(c) (i) Award [1] for stating the physical property important for the choice of asuitable material to ensure the safety of the body of the microwave oven in Figure 5 and [1] for a brief explanation. thermal conductivity; the material must be able to resist the heat from inside the oven and not be hot to touch on the outside; [2]

– 9 – N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

(ii) Award [1] for each distinct point in an explanation of how the design teammight use the strategies of user trial, user research and performance testas part of the research and development phase for the Spoutnik microwaveoven. [3 max per strategy].user trial:evaluate ease-of-use/by observing users trialling the product;carry out controlled trials to gain quantitative data;with different users in relation to percentile ranges/experience with microwave ovens;

user research:gather qualitative data regarding ease of use/performance/functionality;in relation to the aesthetics of the oven;which are important selling points;

performance test:test for safety with user/a variety of food types;test for reliability so controls/mechanisms work well in different conditions;test for durability of materials/ease-of-cleaning; [9]

6. (a) (i) Award [1] for stating the manufacturing technique used to join together thecomponents of the table and chair set. fasteners/screws/bolts/KD (knock down fittings); [1]

(ii) Award [1] for stating the design for manufacture (DfM) strategy which hasbeen a dominating constraint on the design brief for the table and chairsand [1] for a brief explanation.design for assembly/disassembly;the concept is flat-pack furniture so whatever the type of design it mustconform to this concept; [2]

(iii) Award [1] for stating how mass customization could improve the appeal ofthe table and chairs for consumers and [1] for a brief explanation.consumers could modify/customise the design to suit theirtaste/preferences;such as surface finish/decoration/shape of the cut-outs/colour; [2]

– 10 – N15/4/DESTE/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

(b) (i) Award [1] for stating the most appropriate type of drawing to use withinstructions to show consumers how to self-assemble the table and chairs. exploded isometric/perspective; [1]

(ii) Award [1] per distinct point in a discussion of the design of the table andchairs in relation to planned obsolescence. [3 max].the surface finish may not be very durable/scratch resistant;this type of furniture is likely to be used much and be knocked/scratched easily;this will spoil the look of the furniture and probably be discarded by the usereven though it still functions;

the composite timber is not long-lasting/durable;especially if it comes into contact with moisture;spillages from drinks are likely when it is used;

the joining technique is not as long-lasting as traditionally jointed furniturefrom natural timber;the fasteners could work loose when the furniture is used a great deal;and the structure becomes unstable;

if the furniture has been designed for disassembly/no adhesives used;damaged components can be replaced as it is a modular design;extending the life cycle; [3 max]

(c) (i) Award [1] for stating the impact of research and development (R&D) costson the final cost of the table and chairs and [1] for a brief explanation. low; the technology involved is not new/innovative so little need for much R&D;

medium/high; to determine market viability; [2]

(ii) Award [1] per distinct point in a discussion of three considerations for thedesign of the table and chairs in relation to cost-effective manufacturing.[3 max per consideration].modular design;repetitive so jigs/templates can be used;which makes manufacturing efficient;

suitable for CAM;simple shapes so easy to cut out with CNC machinery;and join together;

limited colour range;easier to decide how many to produce in each of the three colours;less waste;

flat-pack design from sheet material;considerable waste material from cutting out the shapes;off-cuts from manufacture irregular shapes so not very suitable for re-use; [9]

Candidate session number

N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX

Design technologyStandard levelPaper 3

© International Baccalaureate Organization 201531 pages8815 – 6206

Instructions to candidates

• Write your session number in the boxes above.• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all of the questions from one of the options.• Write your answers in the boxes provided.• A calculator is required for this paper.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks].

Option Questions

Option A — Food science and technology 1 – 6

Option B — Electronic product design 7 – 12

Option C — CAD/CAM 13 – 18

Option D — Textiles 19 – 24

Option E — Human factors design 25 – 30

1 hour

Monday 16 November 2015 (morning)

32EP01

– 2 –

Option A — Food science and technology

1. The Nordic Keyhole is a voluntary food labelling system used in Sweden, Denmark and Norway (see Figures A1 and A2). It certifies food products as meeting the nutritional guidelines for salt, sugar, fat and fibre content and is particularly useful in relation to processed foods.

Figure A1: The Nordic Keyhole

Figure A2: Requirements for the placement of The Nordic Keyhole food labelling system on packaging

[Source: Swedish National Food Authority]

(a) State one reason why The Nordic Keyhole food labelling system is particularly useful for processed foods. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Outline one way in which The Nordic Keyhole food labelling system is likely to have an impact on the design of processed foods. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option A continues on the following page)

32EP02

N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 3 –

Turn over

(Option A, question 1 continued)

(c) Explain why it is likely that The Nordic Keyhole food labelling system would be adopted by manufacturers despite the fact that it is a voluntary labelling system. [3]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. (a) Define biological value. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Outline one reason for low biological value foods being complemented. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option A continues on the following page)

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(Option A continued)

3. Figure A3 shows the list of ingredients in a box of assorted chocolates produced in Belgium for Marks and Spencer plc.

Figure A3: The wording from the label on a box of assorted Belgian chocolates

Assorted Belgian chocolates with milk (33 %), dark (23 %), and white (4 %) chocolateINGREDIENTS: Sugar, Cocoa Mass, Dried Whole Milk, Cocoa Butter,

Butter oil (Milk), Palm Oil, Glucose Syrup, Ground Hazelnuts, Lactose (Milk), Raspberry Puree, Dried Skimmed Milk, Humectant: Sorbitol, Glycerol, Palm Kernel

Oil, Passion Fruit Puree, Fat Reduced Cocoa Powder, Rapeseed Oil, Freeze-Dried Raspberry Pieces, Emulsifier, Soya Lecithin, Sunflower Lecithin, Dextrose,

Flavourings, Vanilla Extract, Dried Milk Fat, Wheatflour (contains Gluten), Caramelised Sugar, Acid, Citric Acid, Gelling Agent: Pectin, Lemon Puree, Malted

Wheat (contains Gluten), Salt, Cocoa Powder, Raising Agent: Sodium Bicarbonate, Wheat Gluten, Wheat Starch (contains Gluten), Vanilla Bean Seeds,

Acidity Regulator: Ascorbic Acid.Dark Chocolate contains Cocoa Solids (56 % minimum). Milk Chocolate contains

Cocoa Solids (30 % minimum).

(a) Outline one reason for some of the ingredients (Milk, Hazelnuts, Soya and the ingredients containing Gluten) being shown in a bold font. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Outline one reason why a number of products not containing nuts may be labelled with warnings that they may contain nuts. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option A continues on the following page)

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(Option A continued)

4. Describe the role of antioxidants in foods (for example the role of the antioxidant ascorbyl palmitate in vegetable oils). [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Discuss the influence of market pull and technology push on the development of new food products. [6]

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(Option A continues on the following page)

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(Option A continued)

6. Explain three ways in which on-farm food processing contributes to economic, social and environmental sustainability for a farm and the rural economy. [9]

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End of Option A

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Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

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Option B — Electronic product design

7. Figure B1 shows a seven-segment display. It can be driven by a binary-coded decimal (BCD) to seven-segment decoder (Figure B2). Figure B3 shows the BCD decoder circuitry.

Figure B1: Seven-segment display

Figure B2: BCD to seven-segment decoder with seven-segment display

Figure B3: Elements in the BCD decoder circuitry

(Option B continues on the following page)

Removed for copyright reasons

Removed for copyright reasons

Removed for copyright reasons

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(Option B, question 7 continued)

(a) State which segments of the seven-segment display need to be “on” to represent the binary code 0110 as a decimal numeral. [1]

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(b) State the inputs to, and the outputs from, the AND gates Q and R for the binary-coded input 0110 where A0 = 0, A1 = 1, A2 = 1 and A3 = 0. [2]

P Q R S T U V W X

Ā2 Ā0 A2 A0 A0 A1 Ā0 Ā1 A1 Ā0 A1 Ā2 A2 Ā1 A0 A2 Ā1 A2 Ā0

Input 00 10 01 10 100 10 10

Output 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(c) Explain why 4-input OR gates are selected for the gates a, b, c, d, e, f, g to drive the seven-segment display. [3]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option B continues on the following page)

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(Option B continued)

8. (a) Define time constant. [1]

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(b) Describe the difference between a digital and an analogue signal. [2]

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(Option B continues on the following page)

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(Option B continued)

9. Figure B4 shows an audiogram for a person with age-related hearing loss.

Figure B4: An audiogram

Key:Left earRight ear

Hea

ring

leve

l in

Dec

ibel

s (d

B)

–100

102030405060708090

100110120

Normal hearing

Mild hearing loss

Moderate hearing loss

Severe hearing loss

Profound hearing loss

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000Frequency in Hertz (Hz)

[Source: www.incusear.com. Used with permission.]

(a) Outline one advantage of using a programmable interface controller (PIC) to implement the circuitry for a hearing aid. [2]

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(b) Outline one reason why a filter is a key element in the design of a digital hearing aid. [2]

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(Option B continues on the following page)

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(Option B continued)

10. Describe how a light-dependent resistor (LDR) can be used to produce a light sensitive switch. [2]

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11. Explain two implications of there being no national power grid in remote areas of developing countries for an aid agency which has to respond to a humanitarian crisis. [6]

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(Option B continues on the following page)

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Turn over

(Option B continued)

12. Discuss the implications of company-specific standards for brands, accessories and patents in the marketplace. [9]

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End of Option B

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Option C — CAD/CAM

13. Fuse deposition modeling (FDM) was used to make a lightweight plastic jacket/exoskeleton for a two-year-old child born with a rare condition that weakened her muscles and joints preventing her from lifting her arms. The child was too small to be fitted with a conventional metal exoskeleton and so was given plastic arms attached to a plastic jacket fitted around her body (Figure C1).

Figure C1: A small child fitted with a lightweight plastic exoskeleton

[Source: Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (WREX) developed by researchers at Nemours/ Alfred I. Dupont Hospital for Children. Used with permission.]

(a) State one advantage of using FDM to produce the child’s plastic jacket and arms. [1]

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(b) Outline one benefit of using FDM in the design and development of the child’s plastic jacket and arms. [2]

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(Option C continues on the following page)

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Turn over

(Option C, question 13 continued)

(c) Explain how FDM can contribute to the customization of plastic arms for other children with the same condition. [3]

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14. (a) Define G code. [1]

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(b) Describe how a 3D CAD drawing is converted into a file suitable for use in a CNC machine using G codes. [2]

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(Option C continues on the following page)

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(Option C continued)

15. Figure C2 shows a section from the assembly instructions for a piece of flat-pack furniture.

Figure C2: A section from the assembly instructions for a piece of flat-pack furniture

(a) Outline how the increased use of CAD/CAM in furniture manufacture has developed the need for a wider range of knock down fittings. [2]

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(b) Describe how drawings in assembly instructions help consumers when assembling flat-pack furniture. [2]

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(Option C continues on the following page)

Removed for copyright reasons

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Turn over

(Option C continued)

16. Describe subtractive manufacturing techniques. [2]

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17. Discuss two considerations for a manufacturer when choosing CNC equipment. [6]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option C continues on the following page)

32EP17

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– 18 –

(Option C continued)

18. Discuss three contexts in which haptic technology has enhanced design capability. [9]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

End of Option C

32EP18

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– 19 –

Turn over

Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

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– 20 –

Option D — Textiles

19. Figure D1 shows a shirt which can be manufactured from cotton and/or polyester.

Figure D1: A shirt which can be manufactured from cotton and/or polyester

[Source: “Arrow Dress Shirt producing in a RMG factory of Bangladesh” by Fahad Faisal - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arrow_Dress_Shirt_producing_in_a_RMG_factory_of_Bangladesh.jpg#/media/File:Arrow_Dress_Shirt_producing_in_a_RMG_factory_of_

Bangladesh.jpg]

(a) State one reason why a shirt made from 100 % cotton fabric may be given a surface finish. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Outline one reason why cotton thread has a very high tensile strength in relation to its mass. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option D continues on the following page)

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– 21 –

Turn over

(Option D, question 19 continued)

(c) Explain one reason why a shirt made from polyester is more environmentally friendly than one made from cotton in relation to maintenance. [3]

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20. (a) State one piece of information provided on textile labels other than care instructions. [1]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Outline one reason why many textile garments are displayed in retail outlets without packaging. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option D continues on the following page)

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– 22 –

(Option D continued)

21. Figure D2 shows some socks manufactured in wool and nylon.

Figure D2: Socks manufactured in wool and nylon

[Source: “Rainbow Toe Sock Challenge” by S B from Sydney, Australia - The toe sock challenge. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Commons -

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_Toe_Sock_Challenge.jpg#/media/File:Rainbow_Toe_Sock_Challenge.jpg]

(a) Outline one reason, other than cost, why the socks shown in Figure D2 may be made from a mix of wool (62 %) and nylon (38 %). [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Outline one reason why wool is a suitable raw material for use in craft production by local people in communities world-wide. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option D continues on the following page)

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Turn over

(Option D continued)

22. Describe one way in which the development of Gore-tex material has contributed to the improved performance of sportsmen/women. [2]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23. Discuss two limitations for the consumer of buying clothing via the Internet. [6]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Option D continues on the following page)

32EP23

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– 24 –

(Option D continued)

24. Discuss three reasons why natural silk remains a popular material for clothing despite the existence of cheaper synthetic alternative materials. [9]

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End of Option D

32EP24

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– 25 –

Turn over

Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

32EP25

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– 26 –

Option E — Human factors design

25. Figure E1 shows a 2D anthropometric model made from plastic and commercially available in a range of sizes/scales.

Figure E1: 2D plastic anthropometric model

[Source: http://earlyears.com.au/magnetic-human-manikin-cb849.html]

(a) State the percentile range that determines the size of 2D anthropometric models most likely to be used by manufacturers working on products for the mass market. [1]

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(b) Describe the function of the 2D model in Figure E1. [2]

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(Option E continues on the following page)

32EP26

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– 27 –

Turn over

(Option E, question 25 continued)

(c) Compare the effectiveness of the use of appearance prototypes with functional prototypes in relation to obtaining human factors data. [3]

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26. (a) State why intuitive logic is an important characteristic of a good user-product interface. [1]

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(b) Outline one reason why designers knowingly design products which have a high memory burden. [2]

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(Option E continues on the following page)

32EP27

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(Option E continued)

27. Figure E2 shows an open-plan office.

Figure E2: “Bullpen” open-plan office

[Source: “OpenPlanRedBalloon1” by VeronicaTherese - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OpenPlanRedBalloon1.jpg#/media/File:OpenPlanRedBalloon1.jpg]

(a) Outline how air velocity affects thermal comfort in an open-plan office such as the one shown in Figure E2. [2]

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(b) Describe how legislation is used to decide the range of temperature suitable for a working environment. [2]

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(Option E continues on the following page)

32EP28

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(Option E continued)

28. Outline the function of sensory processes in a human-information processing system. [2]

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(Option E continues on the following page)

32EP29

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– 30 –

(Option E continued)

29. Figure E3 shows one of the first mobile phones available in 1984. It was commonly referred to as “the brick” phone. Figure E4 shows a mobile phone, commonly referred to as “the candy bar” from 2003.

Figure E3: “The brick” mobile phone Figure E4: “Candy bar” mobile phone

[Source: For “the brick”: “DynaTAC8000X” by Redrum0486 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DynaTAC8000X.jpg. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons -

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DynaTAC8000X.jpg#/media/File:DynaTAC8000X.jpg For “the candy bar”: “Nokia E51 Black” by The original uploader was Feci1024 at English Wikipedia - Transferred from

en.wikipedia to Commons by Sevela.p using CommonsHelper. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_E51_Black.jpg#/media/File:Nokia_E51_Black.jpg]

Compare the two phones in relation to the influence of anthropometrics on their designs. [6]

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(Option E continues on the following page)

32EP30

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– 31 –

(Option E continued)

30. Compare the use of clay, card and polymorph as effective materials for human factors modelling. [9]

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End of Option E

32EP31

N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX

Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

32EP32

N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

17 pages

Markscheme

November 2015

Design technology

Standard level

Paper 3

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This markscheme is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of the IB Assessment Centre.

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Subject Details: Design Technology SL Paper 3 Markscheme

Mark Allocation

Candidates are required to answer questions from ONE of the Options [1 × 30 marks]. Maximum total = [30 marks]

1. A markscheme often has more marking points than the total allows. This is intentional.

2. Each marking point has a separate line and the end is shown by means of a semicolon (;).

3. An alternative answer or wording is indicated in the markscheme by a slash (/). Either wording canbe accepted.

4. Words in brackets ( ) in the markscheme are not necessary to gain the mark.

5. Words that are underlined are essential for the mark.

6. The order of marking points does not have to be as in the markscheme, unless stated otherwise.

7. If the candidate’s answer has the same “meaning” or can be clearly interpreted as being ofequivalent significance, detail and validity as that in the markscheme then award the mark.Where this point is considered to be particularly relevant in a question it is emphasized by WTTE(or words to that effect).

8. Remember that many candidates are writing in a second language. Effective communication ismore important than grammatical accuracy.

9. Occasionally, a part of a question may require an answer that is required for subsequentmarking points. If an error is made in the first marking point then it should be penalized. However, ifthe incorrect answer is used correctly in subsequent marking points then follow through marksshould be awarded. When marking indicate this by adding ECF (error carried forward) on the script.

10. Do not penalize candidates for errors in units or significant figures, unless it is specifically referredto in the markscheme.

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Option A — Food science and technology

1. (a) Award [1] for stating a reason why The Nordic Keyhole food labelling system isparticularly useful for processed foods. processing often involves the addition of sugar or salt or reduction of the fibre content; processed foods are often high in sugar and salt and low in fibre; [1 max]

(b) Award [1] for identifying one way in which The Nordic Keyhole food labellingsystem is likely to have an impact on the design of processed foods and [1] for abrief explanation [2 max].it will stimulate manufacturers to develop healthier food products to meet therequirements of the Keyhole food labelling system;and to reformulate existing products (to reduce sugar /salt content and increasefibre content); [2]

(c) Award [1] for each of three distinct correct points in an explanation of why it islikely that the Keyhole food labelling system would be adopted by manufacturersdespite the fact that it is a voluntary labelling system. [3 max].early adoption would lead to competitive advantage;“Keyhole labelled” products are likely to become the preferred products forconsumers;and thus the manufacturer’s product could become the market leader/makemore profit;

independent validation of the product;enhances its perceived value in the eyes of consumers;promotes sales;

if the manufacturers do not adopt the Keyhole labelling then the public may notbuy their products;this would result in loss of market share;the company might not remain economically viable and is likely to go outof business; [3 max]

2. (a) Award [1] for a definition to the effect of:how much of the nitrogen content of a food is retained by the body / a measure of the proportion of the absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the body; [1]

(b) Award [1] for a reason for low biological value foods being complemented.if a food low/deficient in one essential amino acid is eaten with a foodlow/deficient in a different essential amino acid then they will complementeach other;one example is the complementation of rice and beans; [2]

– 5 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

3. (a) Award [1] for identifying one reason for some of the ingredients (Milk, Hazelnuts,Soya and ingredients containing Gluten) being shown in a bold font and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max]. these ingredients are common allergens; in people who are allergic they can cause a severe allergic reaction or even death; [2]

(b) Award [1] for a reason why a number of products not containing nuts may belabelled with warnings that they may contain nuts and [1] for a brief explanation[2 max].food processing machines may be used for different products, some containingnuts and some not;the potential for cross-contamination within a factory is high, even airborne nut dust cancontaminate other food; [2]

4. Award [1] for each of two correct points in a description of the role of antioxidants infoods (eg the role of the antioxidant ascorbyl palmitate in vegetable oils) [2 max].some components in foods (eg vegetable oils (have high levels of unsaturated fatswhich)) are susceptible to (oxidative) rancidity which results in off flavours in the food;the antioxidant is oxidised more easily than the components/oil and protects itfrom rancidity;

antioxidants are increasingly important in food processing and food stability;they inhibit the development of oxidative rancidity in fat and oil-based foods; [2 max]

5. Award [1] for each distinct correct point in a discussion of the influence of market pulland technology push on the development of new food products explanation [3 max formarket pull and 3 max for technology push 6 max in total].Market pull:a new product results from a manufacturer responding to market forces, eg:demand from consumers for a new/improved product;launch of a competing product by another manufacturer;to enable a manufacturer to increase their share of a particular market;

Technology push:a new product results from the re-designed of an existing product to changes inmaterials or manufacturing methods, eg because:new materials with improved properties have become available;new manufacturing processes can enable a manufacturer to make the product moreefficiently reducing manufacturing costs;new domestic equipment means that consumers use products in different ways,eg when the microwave became available in homes; [6]

– 6 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

6. Award [1] for each distinct correct point in an explanation of each of three ways inwhich on-farm food processing contributes to economic, social and environmentalsustainability for a farm and the rural economy [3 max per way, 9 max in total].Economic sustainability:processed (consumer-ready) food products cost more than unprocessed food products;so the farmer gets a larger proportion of the food dollar;and more money circulates in the local economy;

Social sustainability:on farm-processing will create more jobs in the rural economy;these jobs will require different and higher skills;more opportunities for local people;

Environmental sustainability:organic waste can be composted on the farm;reducing waste to landfill;enhancing soil quality;

no need for centralised monopolies;reduces amount of transport required (food miles);better for the environment; [9]

– 7 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Option B — Electronic product design

7. (a) Award [1] for stating which segments of the seven-segment display need to be“on” to represent the binary code 0110 as a decimal numeral. Markers please note that the acdefg can be listed in any order – they just all need to be identified. acdefg; [1]

(b) Award [1] for correctly identifying both inputs and award [1] for correctlyidentifying both outputs.Award [1] for correctly identifying two or three correct inputs and outputs out ofthe 4 possible.

P Q R S T U V W X Ā2 Ā0 A2A0 A2A1 Ā0Ā1 A1Ā0 A1Ā2 A2Ā1

A0 A2Ā1 A2 Ā0

INPUT 00 10 11 10 01 10 100 10 10 OUTPUT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 [2]

(c) Award [1] for each of three distinct correct points in an explanation of why 4-inputOR gates are selected as the gates a, b, c, d, e, f, g to drive the seven-segmentdisplay [3 max].the seven segments of the display have to be on in various combinations for eachof the ten different digits 0–9;as long as the gate receives one 1 as input;it will generate a 1 as output; [3]

8. (a) Award [1] for a definition of time constant to the effect of:the time required for the current or voltage in a circuit to rise or fall exponentially through approximately 63% of its amplitude; [1]

(b) Award [1] for each of two distinct correct points in a description of the differencebetween a digital and an analogue signal [2 max].digital signals have a fixed number of states;analogue signals have an infinite number of states; [2]

9. (a) Award [1] for an advantage of using a PIC to implement the circuitry for a hearingaid and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max]. miniaturization; a PIC allows the production of a smaller hearing aid which will be more comfortable and discrete for the user;

reprogrammability; as a person’s hearing changes over time the hearing aid can be reprogrammed rather than the person having to buy a new one; [2 max]

(b) Award [1] for a reason why a filter is a key element in a digital hearing aid and [1]for a brief explanation [2 max].only certain frequencies need to be amplified;the filter will determine which frequencies are amplified and which are not; [2]

– 8 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

10. Award [1] for each of two distinct points in a description of how a light dependentresistor (LDR) can be used to produce a light sensor switch [2 max].one of the two resistors in a potential divider circuit should be replaced with a lightdependent resistor and input to an operational amplifier;as the light level changes the resistance of the light-dependent resistor will change its resistanceand so the output from an operational amplifier will change from high to low or vice versa; [2]

11. Award [1] for each of three distinct points in an explanation of each of two implicationsof there being no national grid in remote areas of developing countries for an aidagency which has to respond to a humanitarian crisis [3 max per implication, 6 max].the aid agency would need to be self-sufficient in responding to a crisis in a remotearea of a developing country;they would need to take a generator and fuel to be able to operate electrical equipment;this will limit the equipment they can use;

portability;the equipment the aid agency will use needs to be portable;moving heavy equipment over rough terrain would be a major issue;

power requirements;using a generator may limit the power rating of the items of electrical equipment usedby the aid agency;this may limit their capacity to respond to the crisis on the ground; [6 max]

12. Award [1] for each of three distinct correct points in a discussion of the implications ofcompany-specific standards for brands, accessories and patents in the marketplace[3 max for brands, accessories and patents, 9 max in total].Brands:develop a customer’s emotional attachment to a company’s products;promotes customer loyalty;makes it easier for a company to launch new products;

Accessories:a company-specific standard should enable accessories to be interchangeable within aproduct range and thus a company to be more competitive in the marketplace;eg chargers for electronic products;reinforces branding and customer loyalty so that one accessory can be used withseveral different products;

Patents:the development of a standard requires a large investment in researchand development;but if patented the standard can become a product in itself;selling under licence could enable a company to recoup some of thedevelopment costs;

a patent prevents other companies copying the product;if there is no patent the standard could be copied by other companies;undermining the original company’s success in the marketplace; [9]

– 9 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Option C — CAD/CAM

13. (a) Award [1] for stating one advantage of using FDM to produce the child’s plasticjacket and arms. quality; cost; accuracy; can be easily scaled to different sizes; [1 max]

(b) Award [1] for identifying a benefit of using FDM in the design and development ofthe child’s plastic jacket and arms and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max].rapid prototyping and testing;reduces development time;

low cost;so provides a cost-effective way of implementing designs;

the size of the product can be scaled up and down according to the size ofthe child;thus it can be customized to meet an individual child’s specific needs; [2 max]

(c) Award [1] for each of three distinct correct points in an explanation of how FDMcan contribute to the customization of plastic arms for other children with thesame condition [3 max].different children will be different size;the size of the design can be easily scaled to any size;this will enable it to be customized to meet the needs of other children; [3]

14. (a) Award [1] for a definition of G code to the effect of:a coordination-based code that includes feed speed and stop/start; a G code is the common name for the most widely-used numerical control (NC) programming language used in CAM for controlling automated machine tools (CNC machines); [1 max]

(b) Award [1] for each of two distinct correct points in a description of how a 3D CADdrawing is converted into a file suitable for use in a CNC machine using G codes[2 max].the CAD drawing is converted to a sterolithography (STL) file;G codes are produced from the STL file; [2]

– 10 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

15. (a) Award [1] for the increased use of CAD/CAM in furniture manufacture hasdeveloped the need for a wider range of knock down fittings and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max]. flat pack furniture tends to be made from manufactured timbers rather than natural timber and cannot be joined with traditional joining techniques; knock down fittings are used for joints and as the ways that components need to be joined increased so there is an increased need for a wider range of knock down fittings; [2]

(b) Award [1] for each of two distinct correct points in a description of how drawingsin assembly instructions help consumers when assembling flat-pack furniture[2 max].they show how the various components of the product should be assembled;they are easier to understand than written explanations/quicker to read thanwords/avoid the use of words so can be understood in different languages/countries; [2]

16. Award [1] for each of two distinct correct points in a description of subtractivemanufacturing techniques [2 max].wasting;unwanted material is cut from a solid block to produce the artefact; [2]

17. Award [1] for each of three distinct correct points in a discussion of each of twoconsiderations for a manufacturer when choosing CNC equipment[3 per consideration, 6 max].costs;capital costs can be high;the capital costs would be reflected in the fixed costs;

flexibility;ie the machine can achieve a wider range of processes;the more flexible the machine, the better for the manufacturer;

maintenance;the cheaper/easier the machine is to maintain, the cheaper it will be to run in themedium and long term;regular maintenance will enhance reliability;

tooling;if the existing tools the manufacturer has fit the new machine;this will be more cost-effective for the manufacturer;

(re)training of operatives;training is a costly and time-consuming process;if there are fewer retraining needs then the new machinery will be more cost-effectiveto implement;

speed;the faster the machine is the more productive the manufacturer can be;higher productivity results in better profitability;

quality of finish;if the machine can produce a high quality of finish;additional finishing operations may not be required and this will save money;compatibility with complete process;no need for conversion programmes;suitability for materials used; [6 max]

– 11 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

18. Award [1] for each distinct correct point in a discussion of each of three contexts inwhich haptic technology has enhanced design capability [3 max per way, 9 max].haptic technology allows the user to become part of a computer simulation and tointeract with it;this enables the designer to observe the user’s performance;so more ergonomic products will be produced;

haptic technology can be used for training purposes in environments where it would bedifficult to train people safely;it provides more realistic simulations;so trainees get a better training experience;

it can be used in home entertainment consoles;the game will better simulate the real world;so users get a more realistic experience;

safety features for users;interactive warning systems;aids for people with disabilities; [9]

– 12 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Option D — Textiles

19. (a) Award [1] for stating one reason why a shirt made form 100% cotton fabric maybe given a surface finish. more durable; more resistant to detergent; more comfortable against the skin; less likely to absorb moisture; less likely to pick up dirt; [1 max]

(b) Award [1] for one reason why cotton thread has a very high tensile strength inrelation to its mass and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max].cotton fibres are weak and lightweight/low mass;the fibres which are spun/twisted into thread/filaments which makes them verystrong but still lightweight/low mass; [2]

(c) Award [1] for each of three distinct correct points in an explanation of one reasonwhy a shirt made from polyester is more environmentally friendly than one madefrom cotton in relation to maintenance [3 max].polyester is more resistance to staining/less absorbent than cotton sodirt/microbes will not penetrate polyester as much as cotton;so less detergent is required to clean the polyester shirt resulting in less pollutionfrom waste detergent;a polyester shirt can be washed at a lower temperature than a cotton shirt whichwill save energy from machine washing;

more crease resistant;so less ironing;and less energy resources consumed;

resistant to shrinkage; strong durable fibres hold the garments shape better;so likely to have a longer product life;less disposal to landfill; [3 max]

20. (a) Award [1] for stating one piece of information provided on textile labels other thancare instructions and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max]. material(s) used; country of manufacture; [1 max]

(b) Award [1] for one reason why many textile garments are displayed in retailoutlets without packaging and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max].so customers can feel the fabric;and check the quality of manufacture;

so customers can try on the garment;and check it fits;

it is cheaper to display garments without packaging;which may be important in a competitive situation;

retail space;unpackaged garments can be stacked/racked more easily; [2 max]

– 13 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

21. (a) Award [1] for one reason, other than cost, why the socks shown in Figure D2may be made from a mix of wool (62%) and nylon (38%) and [1] for a brief description [2 max]. 62% wool so the garment will look like and feel like it is made from wool and will keep the feet warmer than if made entirely of nylon; 38% nylon will make the garment more durable/easier to wash/helps prevent socks shrinking in the wash; [2]

(b) Award [1] for one reason why wool is a suitable raw material for use in craftproduction by local people in communities world-wide and [1] for a briefexplanation [2 max].wool can be obtained from a variety of animals;in different parts of the world;

wool is relatively easy to obtain from animals;and to form into yarn;

wool can be hand-woven/knitted/crocheted;which are inexpensive techniques/easy manufacturing techniques to learn;

wool is a renewable resource;so it is sustainable for local people;

wool is easily stored;and will not deteriorate as long as it is dry;

wool is easy to dye;so different designs can be created; [2 max]

22. Award [1] for each distinct point in a description of how the development of Gore-Texmaterial has contributed to the improved performance of sportsmen/women. [2 max].Gore-Tex is a lightweight, breathable fabric suitable for protective clothing whenengaging in outdoor activities;it protects against wind and moisture and does not restrict movement of thebody/prevents athletes from overheating; [2]

23. Award [1] for each distinct point in a discussion of two limitations for the consumer ofbuying clothing via the internet. [3 max per limitation, 6 max].fit;although clothing is sold in pre-determined sizes the accuracy of the sizing may varydue to the nature of the fabric/manufacture/size intervals can be quite large;consumers can try on a garment for size if buying in a shop;

aesthetics;consumers want to experience what the garment feels like when worn and seecolours/patterns clearly;the type of fabric/finish is often important to consumer purchasing and is difficult toassess from internet images;

quality;Internet images are designed to promote the garment and focus on style/aesthetics;consumers cannot inspect the garment for quality of manufacture until bought;

delivery; time delay between ordering and receipt; returns are also delayed; [6 max]

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24. Award [1] for each distinct correct point in a discussion of three reasons why naturalsilk remains a popular material for clothing despite the existence of cheaper syntheticalternative materials [3 max per reason, 9 max total].tradition;silk has been used for clothing for hundreds of years;and in some parts of the world/cultures there is an expectation that it will still be usedfor some products e.g. saris;

personal health;some people have an allergic reaction to the chemicals used to create syntheticmaterials;and so have little alternative but to buy natural products;

status;people able to afford to buy silk products;may feel wearing silk items shows their wealth;

feel of the fabric;silk is a delicate material;which hangs well/feels smooth against the skin;

moral/social responsibility;some people want to support local silk industries;in poor parts of the world; [9 max]

– 15 – N15/4/DESTE/SP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

Option E — Human factors design

25. (a) Award [1] for stating the percentile range that determines the size of 2Danthropometric models most likely to be used by manufacturers working on products for the mass market. 5th – 95th; [1]

(b) Award [1] for each of two distinct correct points in a description of the function ofthe 2D model in Figure E1 [2 max].it would be used with 2D drawings/orthographic drawings of the same scale asthe model;to assess the relationship of body sizes to parts of the drawing; [2]

(c) Award [1] for each of three distinct correct points in a comparison of theeffectiveness of the use of appearance prototypes with functional prototypes inrelation to obtaining human factors data. [3 max].functional prototypes are much more effective as they allow for interaction withpotential users;so data can be gathered from a wide user population/percentile range;appearance prototypes show what the product will look like so they are used togain reactions based on shape and form/aesthetics rather than humanfactors/ease-of-use;

some ergonomic factors can be tested with appearance models;eg relating to human interaction with the product;eg comfort when gripping or holding; [3 max]

26. (a) Award [1] for stating why intuitive logic is an important characteristic of a gooduser-product interface. so people can work out how to use it easily/so people can work out the semantics of the product/how the product works and be able to use it intuitively; [1]

(b) Award [1] for one reason why designers knowingly design products which have ahigh memory burden and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max].design is a compromise;other design consideration such as aesthetics/cost may be more important;

some consumers (technophiles) enjoy the challenge of working out how to usea product;especially for high-tech products; [2 max]

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27. (a) Award [1] for how air velocity affects thermal comfort in an open-plan office, suchas the one shown in Figure E2 and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max]. still air (low air velocity) can make people feel stuffy; can raise room temperature;

moving air increases heat loss from the environment; requiring increased heating;

people who work near a draught; will suffer different heat conditions than others in the working environment;

perception; different people have different perceptions of thermal comfort and how air velocity affects them; [2 max]

(b) Award [1] per distinct point in a description of how legislation is used to decidethe range of temperature suitable for a working environment. [2 max].legislation sets the minimum and maximum temperatures for a workingenvironment;the range varies depending on the nature of the work; [2]

28. Award [1] for stating the function of sensory processes in a human-informationprocessing system and [1] for a brief explanation [2 max].the sensory processes in human-information processing are responsible for encodinginformation, eg environmental input into neural impulses/they are the inputs in thehuman-information processing system;sensory impulses are passed to the brain and are processed; [2]

29. Award [1] for each distinct point in a comparison of the two phones in relation to theinfluence of anthropometrics on their designs. [3 max per phone, 6 max].“The Brick”:the large buttons accommodate a wide range of fingertip sizes;but it is not easy to hold/grip / it has uncomfortable square edges and is too large formany hands;needs two hands to dial a number, one hand would grip/hold the phone and a finger onthe other hand would be used to press the buttons;

“The candy bar”:is much smaller in size than the brick phone and can be used with one hand, ie gripped bythe fingers and buttons pressed with the thumb;designers worked out how small the buttons could be;yet still allow the majority of users to select a button accurately without misdialling thewrong number; [6]

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30. Award [1] for each distinct correct point in a comparison of the use of clay, card andpolymorph as effective materials for human factors modelling [3 max per material,9 max total].Clay:can be used wet in plastic form for sculpting and liquid form for casting;easy to mould into a variety of shapes with basic tools;can be re-used so cost-effective/recyclable/sustainable;good for sculptural organic forms;

Polymorph:used as pellets;more expensive than clay;but can be re-used so can still be cost-effective;soft/pliable when heated to take the shape of a body parts etc;models can be used as prototypes;

Card:readily available in different sheet thicknesses so can be used pliable or rigid;easy to cut/join so suitable for paper prototyping etc;3D models of structures can be created for assessing the relationship ofanthropometric models to spatial arrangements;easy to use with graphics to explore different surface designs; [9 max]

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

Design technologyStandard levelPaper 1

© International Baccalaureate Organization 201616 pages8816 – 6202

Instructions to candidates

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks].

45 minutes

Monday 14 November 2016 (morning)

– 2 –

1. Data for which percentile would normally be applied in the height of a kitchen counter?

Figure 1: Kitchen counter

[Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:L_K%C3%BCche_2015.jpg by Friedrich Böhringer, own work]

A. 5th percentile

B. 50th percentile

C. 95th percentile

D. 99th percentile

2. What factors need to be considered when designing a can opener for an elderly person with arthritis?

I. Physiological

II. Biomechanics

III. Anthropometric

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 3 –

Turn over

3. What is not an ergonomic consideration in the design of an airline seat?

A. The force needed to adjust the seat

B. The texture of the fabric

C. The dimensions of the seat

D. The colour of the seat

4. Which design consideration does not apply to motorcycle helmets?

A. Range of sizes

B. Adjustability

C. Suitable for 50th percentile

D. Safety

5. Whichofthefollowingtermsdoesthisdefinitionapplyto?“Thetotalamountofenergyconsumedby all the processes associated with the production of materials.”

A. Embodied energy

B. Operational energy

C. Production energy

D. Latent energy

6. Which of the following best describes a resource that is inexhaustible?

A. Renewable

B. Recovery

C. Reserves

D. Non-renewable

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 4 –

7. What could be used to power a combined heat and power system (CHP)?

A. Wind

B. Batteries

C. Solar energy

D. Biomass

8. Which eco design principle is illustrated in Figure 2?

Figure 2: The principles of eco design

[Source: adapted from www.sustainablebrands.com]

A. Cradle to gate

B. Cradle to cradle

C. Cradle to grave

D. Life cycle analysis

Production

Product

Use

Plants

Biologicalnutrients

Biologicaldegradation

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 5 –

Turn over

9. Which type of CAD has the ability to link graphic screens together in such a way as to simulate motion or a process?

A. Haptic technology

B. Animation

C. Motion capture

D. Virtual reality (VR)

10. What example of rapid prototyping is shown here?

Figure 3: A rapid prototyping system

[Source: adapted from www.martello.co.uk]

A. Stereolithography (SLA)

B. Fused deposition modelling (FDM)

C. Selective laser sintering (SLS)

D. Laminated object manufacturing (LOM)

Laser

Scanner system

Roller

Fabricationpiston

Powderdeliverysystem

Powderbed

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 6 –

11. Which models can take measurements to provide accurate quantitative feedback for analysis?

A. Instrumented

B. Aesthetic

C. Mock-up

D. Surface

12. Figure 4 shows a stress–strain curve for a material.

Figure 4: Stress–strain curve

[Source: adapted from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Stress_v_strain_A36_2.svg]

Which part of the curve shows when the material will return to its original shape?

A. A–B

B. B–D

C. D–C

D. A–D

N 16 /4/DESTE/SPM/ ENG /TZ0/XX

– 7 –

Turn over

13. How could small grain size be achieved in a piece of metal?

A. Heating followed by rapid cooling

B. Heating followed by slow cooling

C. Selectively cooling one area of the metal

D. Selectively heating one area of the metal

14. Which type of glass would be used for a car windscreen?

A. Laminated

B. Pyrex®

C. Toughened

D. Soda-lime

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 8 –

15. Brakingsystemsrequirethefluidwithinthesystemtoincreaseinviscositywhenthebrakes are applied.

Figure 5: Large truck braking system

[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:International_Durastar_4400_crop.jpg by Jason Lawrence]

What smart material would be the most useful when designing a braking system for large trucks?

A. Piezoelectric

B. Magneto-rheostatic

C. Electro-rheostatic

D. Photochromic

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 9 –

Turn over

16. Figure 6 shows an Enhanced Combat Helmet (ECH) as used by the US Military. The main materialsusedinitsconstructionareballisticfibressuchasKevlar® which makes the helmet bullet proof. What does the success of this product rely on?

Figure 6: Enhanced Combat Helmet

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Combat_Helmet_(United_States)]

A. Thehighcompressivestrengthofthefibres

B. Thefibresareorientatedinthesamedirection

C. ThehightensilestrengthoftheKevlarfibres

D. Thehighdensityofthefibres

N 16 /4/DESTE/SPM/ ENG /TZ0/XX

– 10 –

17. Which plastic would be the most appropriate for manufacturing the body of a mobile phone?

A. Polyurethane

B. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

C. High impact polystyrene

D. Polyethene

18. What is a disadvantage of composite materials?

A. Low stiffness

B. Low density

C. Difficulttorecycle

D. Difficulttomould

19. What is a wasting technique?

A. Laminating

B. Casting

C. Turning

D. Weaving

20. Which textile production process uses a loom to produce interlaced yarns?

A. Knitting

B. Weaving

C. Lacemaking

D. Felting

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 11 –

Turn over

21. What would not be a reason for treating timber?

A. To make it stronger

B. To increase its resistance to fungal attack

C. To enhance its aesthetics

D. To increase its resistance to damp environments

22. Figure 7 shows a Makerbot Replicator 2–3D printer. At what stage of their product life cycle are 3D printers?

Figure 7: Makerbot Replicator 2–3D printer

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MakerBot#/media/File:MakerBot_Replicator_2_Desktop_3D_Printer.jpg by OhanaUnited]

A. Launch

B. Growth

C. Maturity

D. Decline

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 12 –

23. What is likely to best describe a lone inventor?

A. Someone working outside or inside an organization who is committed to the invention

B. Someone who has no expertise to develop a complex modern product combining different technologies

C. Someone who takes an invention to market

D. Someone who champions products within an organization

24. Which term best describes consumers who take more time to consider adopting a new innovation based on feedback from users before taking the risk of purchasing a product?

A. Early majority

B. Laggards

C. Late majority

D. Innovators

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 13 –

Turn over

25. The Coca-Cola Company bottle (see http://www.clipartkid.com/images/291/coca-cola-bottle-clip-art-pic-18-uW3RoE-clipart.jpg) recently celebrated its 100th anniversary.

What best describes why the Coca-Cola bottle has achieved classic design status?

A. Mass production

B. Retro-styling

C. Ubiquity/omnipresence

D. Dominant design

26. What attribute makes an object into a design classic?

A. Itdefiesobsolescenceandtranscendsitsoriginalfunction

B. Its constant presence

C. Being instantly recognisable and provoking emotional reaction

D. Its form follows its function

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 14 –

Questions 27–30 relate to the following case study. Please read the case study carefully and answer the questions.

Apple as a global company is showing an increased awareness of its impact on the environment during the use of energy and materials in the manufacture of its products.

The second generation MacPro was announced in 2013 and achieves twice the overall performance of the firstgenerationMacProbutisonlyone-eighthofitssize.ThesecondgenerationMacProhasadifferentconfigurationinthelayoutoftheinternalcomponentswhichcentresaroundaunifiedthermalcore.Thisinnovativedesignmaximizestheairflowaswellasthermalconductivitytooperatethesystematmaximumefficiency.

Apple has started using solar energy to 100% power their data centre in North Carolina, USA (as shown in Figure 10) as part of their environmental responsibility towards the reduction of climate change.

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 15 –

Turn over

27. Figure 10 shows solar panels.

Figure 10: Solar panels

[Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Photovoltaik_Dachanlage_Hannover_-_Schwarze_Heide_-_1_MW.jpg/420px-Photovoltaik_Dachanlage_Hannover_-_Schwarze_Heide_-_1_MW.jpg]

Which innovation has been used in the development of the solar panels?

A. Architectural innovation

B. Modular innovation

C. Configurationalinnovation

D. Organizational innovation

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 16 –

28. Which CAD process would have been used during the virtual prototyping stages to test the cooling efficiencyoftheMacProsystem?

A. Motion capture

B. Surface modelling

C. Finite element analysis

D. Solid modelling

29. What waste mitigation strategy has Apple used in the design of the second generation 2013 versionoftheMacProcomparedtothefirstgeneration?

A. Recycling

B. Reconditioning

C. Dematerialization

D. Reusing

30. Which pair of statements is true for Apple when using solar panel technology to power its data centre in North Carolina, USA?

Fixed costs Variable costs

A. Low Low

B. Low High

C. High Low

D. High High

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

2 pages

Markscheme

November 2016

Design technology

Standard level

Paper 1

– 2 – N16/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

1. B 16. C 2. D 17. B 3. D 18. C 4. C 19. C 5. A 20. B 6. A 21. A 7. D 22. B 8. B 23. A 9. B 24. A 10. C 25. C, D 11. A 26. C 12. A 27. A 13. A 28. C 14. A 29. C 15. B 30. C

Candidate session number

N16/4/DESTE/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Design technologyHigher level and standard levelPaper 2

© International Baccalaureate Organization 201622 pages8816 – 6203

Instructions to candidates

• Write your session number in the boxes above.• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Section A: answer all questions.• Section B: answer one question.• Write your answers in the boxes provided.• A calculator is required for this paper.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [50 marks].

1 hour 30 minutes

Monday 14 November 2016 (morning)

24EP01

– 2 –

Section A

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

1. Figure 1 shows the Walker Edison computer corner desk with a steel tubular frame and black safety glass work surface.

Figure 1: Walker Edison Soreno 3-Piece Corner Desk

(a) (i) State one joining technique which would have been used for the steel frame in Figure 1. [1]

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(ii) Outline one reason why safety glass is used for the computer desk in Figure 1. [2]

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(This question continues on the following page)

Removed for copyright reasonsPlease go to: http://www.walkeredison.com/uploads/5/8/2/2/58227457/_806744_orig.jpg

24EP02

N16/4/DESTE/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 3 –

Turn over

(Question 1 continued)

(b) (i) Outline one advantage of the use of tubular metal to the manufacturer. [2]

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(ii) Outline one disadvantage of the use of tubular metal to the consumer. [2]

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(This question continues on the following page)

24EP03

N16/4/DESTE/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

– 4 –

(Question 1 continued)

(c) (i) Outline one potential safety issue for the keyboard shelf of the computer desk table in Figure 1. [2]

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(ii) Explain one maintenance issue for consumers of the use of glass for the work surface of the computer desk in Figure 1. [3]

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(Question 1 continued)

Figure 2 shows a cross section of an ergonome sitting at a computer desk. Table 1 shows the 5th, 50th and 95th percentile ranges for normal eye level. Designers use various data collection methods in order to gather data for the design of the computer desk.

Figure 2: Ergonome at a computer desk

[Source: adapted from sullivanchiromaine.com]

Table 1: Body sizes of 5th, 50th and 95th British adults. All measurements are in millimetres

5th percentile 50th percentile 95th percentile1 Sitting height 795 880 9652 Sitting eye height 685 765 8453 Sitting elbow height 185 240 2954 Seat height 355 420 4905 Elbow-grip length 304 343 3876 Seat length 435 488 5507 Buttock-knee length 520 583 6458 Reading distance 620 710 850

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(Question 1 continued)

(d) (i) Calculate the range of adjustability for the seat height for the chair in Figure 2. [2]

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(ii) Outline why static physical data measurements are used to collect the anthropometric data for the computer desk in Figure 2. [2]

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(Question 1 continued)

(e) (i) Outline one reason why an ordinal scale is used to collect data about the comfort of the chair in Figure 2. [2]

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(ii) Outline one biomechanical factor important in the design of the adjustable mechanism on the chair in Figure 2. [2]

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2. The Swiss Army knife was first manufactured in 1890 and is considered a design classic. It is characterised by a large number of different tools contained within a distinctive casing. The casing is made of plastic and the tools are made of stainless steel. Figures 3 and 4 show two typical knives created for different market segments.

Figure 3: Hard use purpose Swiss Army knife

Figure 4: Nailclip Swiss Army knife

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(a) List two factors that would make the Swiss Army knife be considered as a design classic. [2]

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(b) Describe how form follows function in the case of a Swiss Army knife. [2]

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3. Explain how the Swiss Army knife designers have used market segments to increase the sales of the Swiss Army knife. [3]

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4. Explain how the principle of dematerialization has been beneficial to the Swiss Army knife. [3]

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Section B

Answer one question. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

5. Figure 5 shows a manual production line in the Plan Toys manufacturing plant based in Trang, Thailand. Plan Toys produces a wide range of child safe toys made of rubber wood which is a medium density tropical hardwood. Figure 6 shows a finished green dollhouse with furniture. The company has worldwide recognition for its sustainable manufacturing good practice.

Figure 5: Plan Toys manual production of the dollhouse

[Source: http://en.plantoys.com]

Figure 6: Green dollhouse with furniture

[Source: http://en.plantoys.com]

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(Question 5 continued)

(a) List two mechanical properties of rubber wood, which would make it suitable to be used in the dollhouse toy in Figure 6. [2]

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(b) Explain how Plan Toy can promote good environmental practices in relation to the production of the rubber wood it uses as a raw material for the dollhouse. [3]

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(Question 5 continued)

(c) Discuss whether Plan Toys should introduce assembly line production for the production of the dollhouse in Figure 5. [6]

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(Question 5 continued)

(d) Explain three drivers for green design that would lead to Plan Toys developing an environmentally friendly factory. [9]

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6. Figure 7 shows a selfie stick. The selfie stick is a monopod used to take selfie photographs by positioning a smartphone or camera beyond the normal range of the arm. They were developed as early as the 1990s, but did not rise to prominence until the evolution of smartphones.

The selfie stick was developed by inventors who had seen tourists trying to take pictures of themselves and realized that there may be a better way.

A typical selfie stick is made up of a rubber hand grip, an aluminium telescopic pole, a mechanism to hold the smartphone, and a Bluetooth device to trigger the camera on the smartphone.

Figure 7: A selfie stick

[Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfie_stick#/media/File:Completely_expanded_Selfie_Stick.jpg by 河中桥 - camera-at-home, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37025375]

(a) Outline why the innovation of the selfie stick may be seen as an example of market pull. [2]

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(Question 6 continued)

(b) Explain one benefit relating to human factors of designing the selfie stick handle with a soft rubber finish. [3]

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(c) Explain two important design criteria for the selfie stick. [6]

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(Question 6 continued)

(d) Explain the product life cycle of the selfie stick in relation to its growth, planned obsolescence and its potential for further development as an innovation. [9]

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7. Figure 8 shows the Nespresso Pixie coffee machine. It is being marketed as a fast, intuitive, cool, ergonomic and energy-efficient coffee-making machine. The main case and nozzle are made out of thermosetting plastics and the side panels out of recycled aluminium with a handle made of steel. The aluminium sides of the Nespresso Pixie coffee machine are made by CNC milling machines. The coffee capsules for the Nespresso are also made from aluminium.

The Nespresso Pixie automatically switches off after 9 minutes of inactivity thus making its energy consumption 40% less than other coffee machines. This competitive advantage is a key marketing point used by Nespresso.

The Nespresso Pixie has been developed using proprietary techniques and users have found it impossible to fit non-Nespresso parts to the Pixie. Nestle, the parent company, has applied for a patent for the mechanism in the coffee machine. However, this was rejected by a Swiss law court.

Figure 8: Nespresso Pixie coffee machine

(This question continues on the following page)

Removed for copyright reasons

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(Question 7 continued)

(a) Outline why a thermosetting plastic material is required for the nozzle of the Nespresso Pixie coffee machine in Figure 8. [2]

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(b) Explain how the materials of the side panels contribute to reducing the environmental impact of the Nespresso Pixie at the disposal stage of its life cycle. [3]

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(Question 7 continued)

(c) Discuss why a product such as the Nespresso Pixie may or may not be protected by a patent. [6]

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(Question 7 continued)

(d) Explain why CNC is an appropriate technique for manufacturing the aluminium sides of the Nespresso Pixie coffee machine. [9]

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24EP22

N16/4/DESTE/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

24EP23

Please do not write on this page.

Answers written on this page will not be marked.

24EP24

Instructions to candidates

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Answer all the questions.• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on

the answer sheet provided.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks].

Design technologyStandard levelPaper 1

16 pages

Wednesday 8 November 2017 (afternoon)

45 minutes

N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

© International Baccalaureate Organization 20178817 – 6202

1. Figure 1 shows information gathered from an athlete in a sports laboratory.

Figure 1: Athlete in sports laboratory

[Source: Getty Images/OptiTrack]

Muscle strength, age and coordination are examples of which type of factors considered by designers?

A. Psychological factors

B. Biomechanical factors

C. Static factors

D. Primary factors

2. Which term describes anthropometric data taken while someone is at rest?

A. Static data

B. Dynamic data

C. Functional data

D. Secondary data

– 2 – N 17 / 4 /DESTE/S PM / ENG /TZ0 / XX

3. Designers use an understanding of human factors to...

I. Increase safety

II. Increase ease of use

III. Reduce stress and fatigue

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. I, II and III

4. Figure 2 shows packaging used by McDonald’s fast food restaurants. The company changed to card and paper packaging in 2008, (shown on the left). They had previously used Styrofoam plastic, (shown on the right). This change reduced the weight and amount of materials used.

Figure 2: McDonald’s packaging

What waste mitigation strategy is this an example of?

A. Re-engineering

B. Re-use

C. Reconditioning

D. Dematerialization

Removed for copyright reasons

Turn over

– 3 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

5. Which of these is a non-renewable resource?

A. Geothermal

B. Biomass

C. Wind

D. Coal

6. What is a major disadvantage of lead acid batteries?

A. Theyareinefficient

B. They are expensive

C. They contain hazardous chemicals which are harmful to the environment

D. They are unreliable

7. What is an advantage of developing radical solutions for clean technology?

A. Manufacturerscanbenefitfrompatentingnewsolutions

B. Manufacturers do not need to invest large sums of money into the solution

C. Manufacturers can make small changes over time

D. Manufacturers can respond to legislation quickly

8. Which of these contributes to a product’s embodied energy?

A. Initial use

B. Disposal

C. Assembly

D. Disassembly

– 4 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

9. Atwhatstageinthelifecycleofaproductwillamanufacturerhavetheleastinfluence?

A. Pre-production

B. Production

C. Distribution

D. Disposal

10. What do end-of-pipe technologies achieve?

A. Reduceduseoffiniteresources

B. Reduction of emissions after production

C. Reduction of harmful chemicals before production

D. Improvedefficiencyofresourcesbeingused

Turn over

– 5 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

11. Figure 3 shows a car design modelled from clay.

Figure 3: A clay model of a car

[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opel_50_Jahre_Design_(14541643013).jpg, by Robert Basic]

Which of the following best describes a model that shows exactly how a product could look but not function?

A. Mock-up model

B. Prototype model

C. Realistic model

D. Aesthetic model

12. Clay models, scale models and prototypes are all examples of which type of modelling?

A. Physical modelling

B. Graphical modelling

C. Functional modelling

D. Conceptual modelling

– 6 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

13. Designing parts of a product individually then assembling them together later is known as...

A. Top-down modelling

B. Join together later modelling

C. Bottom-up modelling

D. Assembly modelling

14. Figure 4 shows a textile process. The process uses a machine containing needles that penetrate thematerialandtangleupperfibrestoinnerfibres.

Figure 4: A textile process

[Source: Christine Forrest/Farm Credit Bank of Texas]

What is the name of this process?

A. Knitting

B. Weaving

C. Lacemaking

D. Felting

Turn over

– 7 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

15. Photochromic materials change in response to what stimulus?

A. Heat

B. Light

C. Electric current

D. Pressure

16. What type of tree is considered “leaf losing”?

A. Coniferous

B. Softwood

C. Deciduous

D. Spruce

17. Whatistrueoftimberfinishingandtreatment?

I. It protects against insects and fungi

II. It protects against moisture

III. It allows the material to be recycled easier when no longer needed

A. I and II

B. I and III

C. II and III

D. I, II and III

18. What manufacturing process uses a laser to harden liquid resin?

A. Fused deposition modelling (FDM)

B. Laminated object manufacture (LOM)

C. Paper-based rapid prototyping

D. Stereolithography

– 8 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

19. Which combination of cooling type and grain structure is correct?

Cooling type Grain structure

A. Rapid Large

B. Slow Small

C. Rapid Small

D. Slow None

20. What process will increase the toughness of a metal?

A. Normalizing

B. Annealing

C. Tempering

D. Hardening

Turn over

– 9 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

21. Figure 5 shows a concept design for Phonebloks.

Figure 5: Phonebloks

[Source: https://phonebloks.com/assets/images/touch-icon.png, by Dave Hakkens]

Phonebloks is a concept aimed at allowing users to customize and upgrade their mobile phones. This strategy of innovation, where the architecture of a product is maintained and components are modified,isknownas...

A. Modular innovation

B. Configurationalinnovation

C. Architectural innovation

D. Block innovation

– 10 – N 17 / 4 /DESTE/S PM / ENG /TZ0 / XX

22. Whoisbestsuitedtohelpaninventiontomarket,oftenbyfinancingdevelopmentandproduction?

A. Lone inventor

B. Product champion

C. Entrepreneur

D. Early adopters

23. Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribestheprocessofusingasolutioninonefieldtosolveaprobleminanotherfield?

A. Analogy

B. Transfer

C. Technology push

D. Adaptation

Turn over

– 11 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

24. Figure 6showsacoffeemakerdesignfromthe1930s.Itiswidelyconsideredadesignclassicand is still used today.

Figure 6: A coffee maker

[Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moka2.jpgImm808 – Wikimedia Commons]

Which of these factors may have contributed to its status as a classic design?

I. It could be mass produced easily

II. Itwasthedominantdesignforcoffeemakersformanyyears

III. It transcended its function by being used as decoration in many kitchens

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

– 12 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

25. Which of the following applies to retro styling?

A. A product that uses elements of previous designs updated with new technologies

B. A product that uses the principles of form follows function

C. Aproductthatusestheprinciplesofconflictandcompromise

D. A product with timeless appeal

26. Which of these statements best describes practical function?

I. A product that focuses on reliability

II. A product that focuses on functionality

III. A product that focuses on desirability

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

Turn over

– 13 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

Questions 27 – 30 relate to the following case study. Please read the case study carefully and answer the questions.

In 2015, Oakley Europe, along with www.designboom.com, launched a European-wide competition where entrants were challenged to create an innovative design that would enhance elite sports performance.

The winning design by Nacho Fernandez Bellette and Luis Enrique Muñoz Vargas was the Konk. This product brings together in a single object the functionality of a dozen pieces of outdoor equipment.

Figure 7 below shows the Konk in a number of applications.

Figure 8 shows where the Konk attaches to backpacks for easy carrying when not in use.

Figure 7: Fire insulator, stove/wok/grill, shovel, bucket sledge, hammock

Removed for copyright reasons

– 14 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

Figure 8: How the Konk attaches to a backpack

27. Accordingtothedesigners,their“firstsourceofinspirationwereturtleshells,asaresultofthis,wedesignedarigidandstrongstructurewithaconcaveshapewhichallowsmanydifferentuses”.

Which strategy for innovation is this an example of?

A. Adaptation

B. Analogy

C. Act of insight

D. Technology push

28. The Konk is made of an alloy. What most accurately describes an alloy?

A. Amaterialcomprisedoftwoormorematerialsthathavedifferentproperties

B. A material that consists of particles and a matrix

C. A mixture of two or more non-metals

D. A mixture that contains two or more metals

Removed for copyright reasons

Turn over

– 15 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

29. What percentile range should the Konk be designed for?

A. 50th percentile

B. 5th percentile

C. 5th – 95th percentile

D. 95th percentile

30. What name would be given to a physical model of the Konk that was able to carry out all of the tasks shown in Figure 7?

A. Scale model

B. Prototype

C. Mock-up

D. Instrumented model

– 16 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

2 pages

Markscheme

November 2017

Design technology

Standard level

Paper 1

– 2 – N17/4/DESTE/SPM/ENG/TZ0/XX/M

1. B 16. C 31. – 46. – 2. A 17. A 32. – 47. – 3. D 18. D 33. – 48. – 4. D 19. C 34. – 49. – 5. D 20. C 35. – 50. – 6. C 21. A 36. – 51. – 7. A 22. C 37. – 52. – 8. C 23. D 38. – 53. – 9. D 24. D 39. – 54. – 10. B 25. A 40. – 55. – 11. D 26. A 41. – 56. – 12. A 27. B 42. – 57. – 13. C 28. D 43. – 58. – 14. D 29. C 44. – 59. – 15. B 30. B 45. – 60. –

Instructions to candidates

• Write your session number in the boxes above.• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.• Section A: answer all questions.• Section B: answer one question.• Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.• A calculator is required for this paper.• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [50 marks].

Candidate session number

Design technologyHigher level and standard levelPaper 2

20 pages

Wednesday 8 November 2017 (afternoon)

1 hour 30 minutes

20EP01

N17/4/DESTE/BP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

© International Baccalaureate Organization 20178817 – 6203

Section A

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the boxes provided.

1. Oil is extracted as a raw material and used for many purposes including being made into plastics, see Figure 1. Globally, the demand for oil continues to grow and the use of plastics in manufacturing is increasing, see Figure 2.

Figure 1: Global oil consumption per day

Year2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Million barrels per day 99 101 102.5 104 106.5 108 110

706050403020100

Plastics produced from oil

Perc

enta

ge (%

)

Melamine

Urea

and P

heno

l

Formald

ehyd

e

(MF/U

F/PF)

Nylon

Polyvin

yl Chlo

ride

(PVC)

Polysty

rene (

PS)

Polyeth

ylene

(PE)

Figure 2: Global oil use in 2014

Others 7 % Plastics 6 %

Chemicals 6 %

Transport 42 %Energy and heating 39 %

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20EP02

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(Question 1 continued)

(a) (i) State the percentage of oil used in plastic production in 2014. [1]

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(ii) Calculate how many barrels of oil were used in 2014 for the creation of plastics. Show your workings. [2]

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(b) (i) Outlinethedifferencebetweenarenewableandanon-renewableresource. [2]

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(ii) Outline why manufacturers would use the strategy of dematerializing plastic products. [2]

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20EP03

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(Question 1 continued)

(c) (i) Outline the scale of production that would be most appropriate for the manufacture of plastic products using the process of injection moulding. [2]

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(ii) Compare the ease of recovery and disposal of thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. [3]

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20EP04

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(Question 1 continued)

The Dish Doctor, shown in Figures 3a and 3b, was designed by Marc Newson in 1998. It is made from injection moulded high gloss polypropylene/plastic.

Figure 3a: Dish Doctor showing two injection moulded parts

[Source: DISH DOCTOR designed by Marc Newson for MAGIS, 1997]

Figure 3b: Dish Doctor in use

[Source: DISH DOCTOR designed by Marc Newson for MAGIS, 1997]

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20EP05

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(Question 1 continued)

(d) (i) Plastichasahighembodiedenergy.Defineembodied energy. [1]

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(ii) Outline one advantage of injection moulded plastic. [2]

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(e) (i) List two drivers for employing clean technology in the production of Dish Doctor. [2]

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(Question 1 continued)

(ii) Explain why solid modelling is advantageous in the development of the Dish Doctor. [3]

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2. The Nikon DF (2013) is styled similarly to the Nikon EL2 (1977). This is shown in Figures 4 and 5.

Figure 4: Nikon DF (2013)

[Source: http://www.nikon.com/news/2014/img/pic_140520_01_01.png, with permission from Nikon]

Figure 5: Nikon EL2 (1977)

[Source:http://imgsv.imaging.nikon.com/lineup/filmcamera/slr/el2/img/product_01.png,withpermissionfromNikon]

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(Question 2 continued)

(a) (i) Identify two aesthetic characteristics that the retro styled Nikon DF shares with the original production Nikon EL2? [2]

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(ii) List two pieces of anthropometric data that would be used in the design of a camera. [2]

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20EP10

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3. Explain one characteristic of retro styling. [3]

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4. Explain how the classic design of a product, such as a classic car, transcends obsolescence. [3]

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Section B

Answer one question. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.

5. British engineering company Renishaw has been featured in the 2015 edition of Guinness WorldRecordsformanufacturingtheworld’sfirst3Dprintedtitaniumalloy bicycle frame, see Figure 6.

The frame parts are made using an additive manufacturing process. The parts are then joined using an adhesive to make a complete frame.

Figure 6: Renishaw – 3D aluminium printed bike

[Source: Image courtesy Renishaw plc] [Source: Empire Cycles]

(a) List two physical properties that could be improved when alloying a metal. [2]

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(Question 5 continued)

(b) Explain one way in which bicycles are adjustable. [3]

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(c) Explain how two of Rogers’ characteristics that impact consumer adoption of an innovation are applicable to the Renishaw 3D printed bicycle. [6]

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(Question 5 continued)

(d) Explain three advantages to the manufacturer of using additive manufacturing for a bicycle frame. [9]

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6. In1999,designengineerGreigBrebnerwaswalkingfromhishometohisoffice.Itwasraining heavily and the strong winds were blowing his umbrella inside out, almost to the point that it was broken.

The design of the umbrella had hardly changed since 1928, and Greig thought the incremental changes over the last 70 years had still not created an umbrella that was able to cope in strong winds.

By using a range of modelling techniques, Greig developed a new umbrella design that creates an aerodynamic robust canopy structure. Greig’s new design, see Figure 7, was a radical change from traditional umbrella design.

Figure 7: Brebner umbrella design

(a) Outline the driver for invention used by Brebner. [2]

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(This question continues on the following page)

Removed for copyright reasons

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(Question 6 continued)

(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being a lone inventor. [3]

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(c) Explain two mechanical properties that are required from the materials used to manufacture the Brebner umbrella. [6]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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(Question 6 continued)

(d) Explain three types of physical models the designer could have used in the development of the Brebner umbrella. [9]

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20EP17

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7. David Trubridge, an artist, was interested in replicating natural forms using geometric shapes. He was originally inspired by coral.

Originally designed purely as an experiment. This intricate form is made from just one single componentrepeated60times.Davidtriedtofindauseforitbyputtingabulbinside,thiswas an important discovery.

It became known as the Coral Pendant Light, see Figure 8. The Coral Pendant Light is made from bamboo plywood and is sold as a self assembly kit.

Figure 8: Coral Pendant Light

[Sources: Coral Pendant with Seed System Kitset Packaging (www.davidtrubridge.com)]

(a) Outline the strategy for innovation for the Coral Pendant Light. [2]

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(This question continues on the following page)

20EP18

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(Question 7 continued)

(b) A computer numeric controlled (CNC) router cuts the pieces for the Coral Pendant Light. Explain onebenefitofusingaCNCrouterforthisprocess. [3]

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(c) Explain twobenefitsrelatingtothelifecycleanalysis(LCA)ofsellingtheCoralPendant Light as a self assembly kit. [6]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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20EP19

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(Question 7 continued)

(d) Explain three design for manufacture strategies that have been used to make the Coral Pendant Light a green design. [9]

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20EP20

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