Design Review Monday, January 19th, 2009

Customer: FSNM, contact: Debbie ConwayGuide: Brian Thorn

P09453

Project DescriptionProject Background:

Who: Fort Stanwix National Monument (FSNM) part of the National Park Service (NPS)Where: FSNM is situated in Rome, New York. What: The Fort consist of three primary energy use locations: the Willet Visitor Center, the Fort and a maintenance shed. In 2005 the addition of the Willett Center has dramatically added to FSNM’s energy consumption. Why: The Willett Center consumes far greater energy than original expectations, and currently accounts for 2/3rds of FSNM total energy cost. Align FSNM with the NPS green initiative

Problem Statement:

The overall objective of this project is to identify short and long-term opportunities to reduce energy consumption and energy costs at the Fort Stanwix National Monument, and implement a renewable energy demonstration-scale model.

Customer NeedsRational for Customer Needs based on:•Project readiness packet•December 2nd phone interview with FSNM – Debbie Conway•December 13th onsite visit with Debbie and Todd•Key statement: reduce current total cost of energy at FSNM to offset the impact of potential ‘green’ energy opportunities and conservation measures

Specifications – Traditional approach

Need #

Rank

Description Metric Units Marginal Value

Ideal Value

CN1 1 Reduce total cost of energy at FSNM

Reduction in total projected monthly energy costs considering implementation costs

US$ >$350

CN2 1 Recommendation of potential energy saving opportunities

# of Energy Conservation Measure opportunities

# > 5 options

CN3 1 Evaluate energy saving opportunities budget impacts

Economic implications of the energy saving opportunities – ROI, investment costs

TimeUS$

CN4 1 Understand current energy use

Perform an energy audit of FSNM focused on the Willett Visitor Center- Highest Energy Use System Cost

CN5 1 Evaluate current gas and electricity billing structure

Electricity - ∆ monthly $/kWGas - ∆ monthly $/Therm

$/kW$/Therm

< 30% < 10%

CN6 1 Investigate alternative ESCOs and billing structures

Electricity - %∆ monthly $/kWGas - %∆ monthly $/Therm

$/kW$/Therm

< 30% < 10%

CN7 2 Analyze impacts of a 'green' billing structure

Change in ($/kW*yearly consumption) vs. tax incentives/year

Project Specs – ExpectationsProject Specifications:•Attempted traditional approach, it was not inline with an energy audit, not a product

Defined specifications in terms of an energy auditProject specifications are the agreed upon

expectations of the total energy assessment process and outcome – ‘What is included and captured’

FSNM specifications are expectations regarding the explicit actions, information, analyses and results that the entire energy assessment project will containDefinition of the content in the final assessment report

Current Specification is posted on EDGE for review

Project Scope & ScheduleObjectives/Scope:•Conduct pre-assessment data collection •Perform on-site energy assessment•Develop energy savings opportunities•Review Current electricity billing structure•Indentify and evaluate alternative energy service companies (ESCOs)•Implement a pilot renewable demonstration-scale energy project

Goals for end of Winter Qtr:Complete ECM analysis with preliminary implementation plan Preliminary ‘What-if’ analysis – software driven

Goals for end of Spring Qtr:Sustainable/renewable energy project plan and model

completeTraining program completeAlternative ESCO optionsFinal report with categorized ECMs and implementation plan

Data Collected & ObtainedProvide an idea of how are analysis are

drivenDocuments available upon request

Document Comment2 years of energy bills: Willett Center, Fort, Shed

Gas vs. Electric

Floor plan for maintenance shed and Willett Center

Willett center zones and 2007 construction changes

Climate controlled conditions specifications

Systems schedule documentation

Operating hours for several systems Gathered from Trane Tracer system

Utility AnalysisStructure: Establish 1 year baseline year (September 2007 – September

2008) to evaluate disaggregate electric costs and natural gas production percentages.

Purpose: Understand the basic energy usage to identify major areas as

candidates for energy savings by establishing a benchmark. Evaluate the current baseline production versus space

heating/cooling to identify possible HVAC savings.

Willett CenterEnergy: $0.1401 /kWhDemand: $0.3849 /kW-month (average cost over 2 years)Gas: $1.2133 /therm

Main Fort and Maintenance BuildingEnergy: $0.1467/kWhDemand: $.3456 /kW-month (average cost over 2 years)Gas (Main Fort): $1.2549 /thermGas (Maintenance) : $1.2067 /therm

Rate Structure – Graphical Analysis (1 of 3)

Willett Center Gas Utility Dec 07 to Nov 08

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

$1,400

$1,600

Dec

-07

Jan

-08

Feb

-08

Mar

-08

Ap

r-0

8

May

-08

Jun

-08

Jul-

08

Au

g-0

8

Sep

-08

Oct

-08

No

v-0

8 4005006007008009001000110012001300

Gas

MM

Btu

Willett Center Electricity Utility Dec 07 - Nov 08

$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500$3,000

$3,500

$4,000

$4,500

$5,000

Dec

-07

Jan-

08

Feb-

08

Mar

-08

Apr

-08

May

-08

Jun-

08

Jul-0

8

Aug

-08

Sep-

08

Oct

-08

Nov

-08

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Ener

gy k

Wh

Total Cost

Electricity Usage

Utility AnalysisBaseline – Willett Center

- Operating hours: open 362 days per year (3 holidays)- 7 days per week: 9 am – 5pm- 2007 construction changes- July Concert spike

Utility AnalysisBaseline – Willett Center

- System schedule: pull mfg specifications to determine greatest energy consumer- Disaggregate costs: Willett Center electricity:

- Energy: 58%- Demand: 42%

Baseline ResultsUse as bench mark for change comparison

and insight into ECM optionsMain focus areas for ECMs

Lighting usageHVAC systemsBuilding Efficiency

Building Envelope AnalysisData Sources• R-Values for the walls and ceilings were

found from the Utica Department of Codes

• R-Values for windows and doors will be estimated by the EnergySmart codes

• Dry Bulb Ambient Temperature Data is taken from TMY3 data for the Utica area.

– The coldest day of the year recorded by the TMY3 data is March 3rd, 2005.

– The outside temperature was -23 °C.

Envelope Description• The windows in the foyer are a large source of heat

loss in the building, and the space is conditioned to make visitors comfortable.

• Walls throughout the building should be built to modern construction codes.

• The walls dividing the two main zones in the center could potentially use more insulation to prevent leakage into the climate controlled archive area.

• The ceiling area crawlspace was very warm. This could make the ceiling insulation a viable way to save energy.

Calculations ambinside TTAUE

Tamb A B C & D E Tinside A – Outdoor siding

B – Paneling

C – Insulation

D – Wall Studs

E – Drywall

Calculations (working)

SurfaceR-Value U-Value

MaximumAnnual Energy

ft2 h °F/Btu m2 °C/W Btu/ft2 h °F W/m2 °CEnergy Loss

(kW/m2)

Loss (kW/m2)

Windows 2.86 0.50 0.35 1.99 87.27 227687Doors 2.86 0.50 0.35 1.99 87.27 227687Walls 21 3.70 0.048 0.27 11.87 30978Ceiling 49 8.63 0.020 0.12 5.09 13276

Inside Date of Time of Amb. Temp ofTemperature Max Max Max (°C)70.0 °F 3/3/2003 7:00:00 AM -22.821.1 °C

Calculations to be completed after next onsite visit 1/23

Lighting SystemThe buildings use a

range of different bulbs for different purposes.

Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors.

Displays have spotlight bulbs.

Lighting System

Most Common Bulbs:

4ft T8 bulbs are used in most of the back rooms, archives, and offices.

Efficient and long life

32 Watts

Best way to conserve energy is to keep lights off.

The buildings use a range of different bulbs for different purposes.

Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors.

Displays have spotlight bulbs.

Further Systems Analysis Still need to approximate operation times for

the lights in each room.

This will be estimated based on room function and building operational hours.

The number of lights in each room needs to be counted

Investigating the efficiency of HVAC system

Faced with climate controlled constraints

First Onsite VisitFirst site visit, Saturday 12/13

Refined customer needs, tour, pictures and data collection

Completed utilities bills database – current energy profile

Gathering energy consumption of current systems

Analyze building envelope

FSNM Energy Conservation ConceptsBroken into short and long term concepts

Short term: operation & maintenance approach, low cost replacements and or upgrades

Long term: retrofit through replacement, upgrade systems

Generated from site visit and current available data

Short term:Willett Center Concepts:

Reduce lighting system load during non-peak operation Adjust operational hours during non-peak operations Utilize window shades more efficiently for heating/cooling Use high efficiency light blubs where possible Repair duct leaks Adopt all energy star products

FSNM Energy Conservation ConceptsShort term continued:

Willett Center Improve door and window seals Implement tinted or reflective glass Adjust exhibit zone temperature range Install ceiling fans in exhibit section Insult attic space above exhibit area

Fort and Site-wide concepts: Employee training program Solar powered walk way lights Replace T12 with T8 lights Replace kitchen and auditorium equipment

Long term (ongoing concept generation, data, software driven):Replace AC units in FortInsulate attic space more efficiently in Willett CenterImplement heat pumps (renewable energy)

Implementation PlanAspects to include in implementation plan

Cost of new equipment, software, etcReturn on investment (ROI) & paybackSteps required to implement – construction?Difficulty of implementationTiming

Economic Analysis of each ECM, sustainable/green option will be conductedResearching software approach

Energy Service Company (ESCO) EvaluationStructure Breakdown of current client contract with National Grid. Evaluation of other ESCO services in Rome, NY by

developing a comparison chart based on a survey analysis.

Purpose Identify ways National Grid may be able to provide energy

savings or greener energy for Fort Stanwix. Develop energy savings plans as alternatives to FSNM

current service.Plan- Make contact with alternative ESCOs- Request data regarding billing structure- Compare alternatives against current service- Present findings: due to contract may be difficult to

opt out

Current Energy Service – National GridDisadvantages The Fort Stanwix contract with National Grid is

unlikely to be altered so energy savings may be hard here.

Advantages National Grid offers Energy Profiler Online™ (EPO)

which helps in the understanding of how electricity is used within the operation over time. Some aspects of the tool include:

Manage your energy consumption—identify what’s normal and abnormal usage

See the results of your energy efficiency and conservation efforts at each site

Shift your energy usage to lower-cost time periods and move dollars to your bottom line

Use the load data information as a guide for shopping wisely with power suppliers

National Grid also offers 4 suppliers of green energy in their GreenUp program.

Comparison of ESCOs – National Grid as an Example (1 of 2)

Questions  

ESCO name National Grid

Costs  

Price (in cents/kWh) including taxes of electricity?

$.14/kWh (Willett Center)

Does this price vary by month or day? month

Are there fees for service besides electricity?

yes

Is gas available as well? yes

Price for gas (in therms)? $1.2133/therm (Willett Center)

Contract Terms **These terms can only be discussed with the customer and are not available through National Grid to the public.

How long will this price remain in effect? Or how long will the electric service contract be effective?

nondisclosed**

Do additional contract terms apply? nondisclosed**

What are the responsibilities of the customer?

nondisclosed**

Comparison of ESCOs – National Grid as an Example (2 of 2)

Special Needs/ Energy Conservation

 

Do you offer ways to help the customer save energy or use energy more efficiently?

yes, Energy Profiler Online (EPO) - additional $50/mo

Is a form of green energy available or how is your company "green"?

yes, GreenUp option - 4 green energy providers available

Environmental  

What types of power plants does your company use?

natural gas, hydroelectric

Billing  

Will there be separate bills or one bill for energy and delivery?

same bill

Is budget billing available? (not really needed for Ft. Stanwix)

n/a

Energy Audit SoftwareRational: Way to analyze baseline buildings Evaluate impacts of various ECMs Play ‘What if’ analyses for each ECM HAVC and building envelope analysis was critical

selection criteria Used government sponsored database:http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory/subjects.cfm/pagename=subjects/pagename_menu=whole_building_analysis/pagename_submenu=energy_simulation

Software SelectionGood HVAC Modelling

Moisture Control Option

Lighting Module

Daylight Option

Solar Implementation

Within Budget Comments

AkWarm

BSim Program Suite. Vague lighting module

DesignBuilder

EA-QUIP Retrofit by answering questions

EZ Sim Bill Auditing

HOT2000 No room-by-room HVAC modelling

IDA Indoor climate Energy For HVAC designers

ParaSol No HVAC input

Pvcad Special for PV system implementation. (German)

RL5M No solar system. Error check!

Room Air Conditioner Cost Estimator Web-based + cost estimation

SolarShoeBox

SUNREL

TRNSYS

EN4M Energy in Commercial Buildings Economic analysis

Software ChoiceMost comprehensive

programSomewhat expensiveTalk with Margaret

BaileyFuture Institute’s useBetter alternatives

BSimSimView

For editing the geometry, materials and installationsTsbi5

Control of the indoor climate, thermal and moistureXsun

Sunlight and shadowsSimLight

Dailight calculations (use of artificial light)BV98

Danish regulationsSimDXF

Import CAD drawingsSimDB

Database with construction materialsSimPV

Calculate electrical yield from solar panels

Infrared ImagingDr. Joe Pow

Needs faculty/staff to get the camera

Used for distance sensing in aircrafts

Used to detect air leaks during an energy audit

Risk AssessmentSoftware order delaysSoftware learning curveFeasibility of ECM implementation – FSNM

fundingSustainable energy option – codes, lawProximity to FSNMValidity of assumptionsAbility to capture and quantify energy

consumption without ‘professional equipment’

FSNM ‘Concept’ Generation2 project components have concept generation needs:

Energy conservation measures (ECMs) applicable to FSNMPilot renewable energy scale-project

At this point, only high level renewable energy conceptsAdditional research and project components required

Renewable energy concepts for further evaluation: Solar Power Wind Power Geothermal Power Biomass