Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Design Project 1
Modeling a Zero Energy Home(ZEH)
EDSGN 100 Section 7 “Free Masons”
March 4, 2014
Submitted to Wallace Catanach
William Smeltzer; [email protected]
Christopher Tait; [email protected]
Natalie Landry [email protected]
Rami Abdelnour [email protected]
Table of Contents
Section Page
Title Page 1
Executive Summary, Introduction, 3
Customer Needs Analysis 4
External Research 5
Benchmarking 6
Online/ Library Research
Concept Generation 7
Concept Selection
Metrics 8
Cost Model 9
Design
Location 10-11
Conclusions 11
References 11-12
Executive Summary
In today’s society, it is becoming more of an issue that our society needs to reduce the
use of fossil fuels. As our population increases, the use of theses fuels increases. However, the
technology for alternative is advancing. These alternatives can greatly reduce our consumption
of fossil fuels; the only thing missing is someone to start to movement. In this project, we will
research what it takes to make a strictly fossil fuel independent home and create one ourselves.
Introduction
The definition of a zero energy home is a home that has zero carbon emissions and also
has a net energy consumption of zero. A zero net energy can be achieved from the use of
technologies such as solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources. It is vital we realize the
importance of zero energy homes and the positive impact they can have on the environment.
From creating a survey, and customer needs analysis, we will create a home that accommodates
the needs while still having a net energy consumption of zero.
Mission Statement
From creating a survey we will be able to establish the needs of what a customer would
want in a home. We then will take the data and establish what the general public would
presumably like. From research and other models, we will create our own plans as if we were
actually going to build the home. We will make a create a small scale home showing floor plan
that would provide visualization of what the home would look like.
Customer Needs Analysis
We started off by having a survey with a list of different factors that would go into creating a
home. We sort the data and find most popular and base our plans off of that. We took a simple
survey of student living in Curtin Hall because many of these students will graduate of start
looking for homes themselves. In the survey we asked 8 important questions in what we thought
the average home buyer would base their decision off of. We then narrowed our results from the
survey into the most popular needs of location, price, school district, and size of home.
External Research
Needs
Location
Size
Price
Appreciation
Age
Taxes
Energy Bills
School District
Library/Online research
Renewable Energy
Wind, solar, nuclear, geothermal, biomass, and tidal power
o Chosen energy sources for home are solar and geothermal
Water Heating System- chose to use solar water heater
o 100% renewable energy- uses PV system
o Longer life then average water heater
o Cheaper installation if lifetime considered
o Best Efficiency Rating
Heating- chose geothermal for following reasons
o Does not use oil or gas
o Are 400-600% efficient can cut heating/cooling costs by 80%
o Energy absorbing fluid runs through loop into ground
During winter- absorbs heat in ground and brings it up to home
During summer- pushes heat from home into ground pushing up the cold
air
o Every 100,000 systems reduce oil consumption by 2.15 million barrels annually
Electric-Chose to use a photovoltaic system
o Clean energy and working whenever suns out
o Photons hit the solar cells and free electrons creating useable energy
Rain Water Harvesting-
o Allows for sufficient self-generating water supply.
o A 2,500 sq.ft. system would collect 1,000 gallons of water per inch of rain
Insulation-
o Ceiling R60
Energy star recommended for our area, reduces heat loss and noise
pollution
o Walls
chose 10” foam to insulate and keep condensation out
Reduces chance of rot and mold in foundation
o Windows
Multi pane windows will keep hot air and cold air on either side
Gas fills between panes is another good option
Benchmarks:
Location (city, state) Norwich, Vermont
House size (floor area in square feet) 2700 sq ft.
Number of floors 2 floors
URL of web site where info is found http://www.zeroenergy.com/p_landau.html
Number of occupants Doesn’t specify (assuming up to 6)
Number of bedrooms 3 bedrooms
Type of heating system (forced air, hydronic, radiant floor, heat pump, etc.
Forced air through ventilation and radiant floors in the bathrooms
Main heating fuel (electricity, natural gas, wood, oil, etc.)
A wood burning stove
Size of photovoltaic system (kilowatts) 13.5kW making it a net zero energy house
Solar water heater (yes or no) Yes, solar water system provides the hot water
R-value of wall insulation R-60 above grade walls
R-value of ceiling insulation R-87 roof
Ventilation air heat recovery (yes or no) Yes, heat recovery ventilator
Predicted or measured annual energy use 275kWh used each month
Any other pertinent info Only non-toxic and non-VOC materials were used for the interior design of the house
Location (city, state) New England (doesn’t specify exactly city)
House size (floor area in square feet) 1200 sq ft.
Number of floors 1 floors with a above storage and loft for children that’s led to by a ladder
URL of web site where info is found http://www.zeroenergy.com/p_valette.html
Number of occupants Doesn’t specify, but does say in description built specifically for the smaller family’s needs, no more no less
Number of bedrooms 2 bedrooms
Type of heating system (forced air, hydronic, radiant floor, heat pump, etc.
Solar heat gain in the winter from large south-facing windows in the winter, with polished concrete floors to absorb heat and re-radiate throughout the space
Main heating fuel (electricity, natural gas, wood, oil, etc.)
A small heat system(doesn’t specify), but does say is a minor part to the amount of heat energy they collect from the sun
Size of photovoltaic system (kilowatts) Doesn’t specify
Solar water heater (yes or no) Yes, solar water system provides the hot water
R-value of wall insulation R-40 walls
R-value of ceiling insulation R-60 roof
Ventilation air heat recovery (yes or no) Yes, heat recovery ventilator to maintain excellent indoor air quality
Predicted or measured annual energy use Doesn’t specify
Any other pertinent info Floor plan was designed so that the bedrooms were on both ends of the house, leaving an open floor plan to gather more heat energy through the large windows facing south towards the sun
Conception Generation
Concept Selection
Renewable Energy
Geothermal
Heating
cooling
Rainwater Harvesting
Clean Water Supply
Solar
Solar Water Pump
Water Heater
Heater
Photo Voltaic System
Heating
Electricity
We chose the top 4 most popular criteria for our zero energy home based on survey. They were
location, size, cost of home, and school district the home is in. We then chose 3 areas in the
northeast we thought would be top 3 places to live.
From this concept selection we chose to build our home in the town of Philadelphia.
Criteria A: HarrisBurg B: Philadelphia C: Scranton
Location + + +
Size - + -
Cost of Home - + +
School District - - -
Sum of + 1 3 2
Sum of - 3 2 2
Net -2 1 0
Customer Needs Metrics PV System
Urban City
Middle Class Neighborhood
Passive Solar
Appliances Energy
Efficient
750 Sq. Ft.
Location X X
Size X X
Price X X
Appreciation X
Age
Energy Bills
School District
X X X X
X
Taxes X X X
Cost Model:
Location Philadelphia Type of heating & cooling system
Electric geothermal heat pump
Electricity cost ($/kwh) 0.1 Solar Technologies
House type 1 story Size of PV system (kw) 4.00
Conditioned floor area (sq.ft.) 750 Solar water heater Yes
Number of bedrooms 2
Behavior
Envelope Details
Water conservation A lot
Wall construction Double 2x4 with
10" foam
Uses clothesline A lot
Ceiling Insulation R60
Thermostat setback A lot
Window type Triple low-e
Heat thermostat setting (F) 67
Upper floor ceiling area (sq.ft.) 1116.5
Cool thermostat setting (F) 80
North wall area (gross) (sq.ft.) 420
Results
East wall area (sq.ft.) 300
South wall area (sq.ft.) 420
West wall area (sq.ft.) 300
North window area (sq.ft.) 88
East window area (sq.ft.) 0
South window area (sq.ft.) 42
West window area (sq.ft.) 11
Air tightness
Tight with heat recovery
Appliances
Refrigerator Best
Clothes Washer Best
Dishwasher Best
Small Appliance Input
Extras
Base House Cost
$ 103,046
Garage g. Built In 2
car
PV Cost
$ 20,000
Hot Tub a. None
Upgrade Costs
$ 15,216
Pool a. None
Total House Cost
$ 138,262
Windows 20%
Walls 29%
Roof 16%
Floor 30%
Infiltration 5%
Envelope Heat Transmission
Design Design Description
Our Zero Energy Home is a one-story open floor plan design located in the neighborhood
$63
$143 $191
$74 $29 $22
-$15
-$138
-$7
-$145
-$537
-$800
-$700
-$600
-$500
-$400
-$300
-$200
-$100
$0
$100
$200
$300A
nn
ual
Co
st($
)
Estimated Operating Costs with Solar Heat and Electricity Contributions
Net Solar PV
of Old City, Philadelphia. Our open floor plan will allow air to flow throughout the house
with more ease, increasing the flow of heat while cutting the energy bill at the same time.
The front of our home will face south, in order to maximize the amount of energy we can
gather from the sun. Our home will be utilizing both a geothermal system and a solar
panel system, which will provide our home with the necessary renewable energy for our
heat in the cold months of fall and winter in the Northeast. The bigger windows located
throughout our house allow for more sunlight and heat to pass through during the winter
months. The high R-values for our walls allow cool air to come into the house during the
summer months, while trapping all of the hot air inside the home during the winter
months. With this design, we believe our home will be completely energy-efficient
Overview With Pictures
Location
After conducting research from our benchmarking and matrices, we chose Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania as our location. Philadelphia was the best location for our zero energy
home, mostly based on the location in the Northeast Region and year-round climate.
Philadelphia is located in southeastern Pennsylvania, between the Appalachian mountain
range and the Atlantic Ocean. The climate in Philadelphia is consistent with hot summers,
cold and snowy winters, and mild spring and fall seasons. An important statistic that
played a major role in picking Philadelphia as our location, was the average amount of
days that are sunny/partly sunny. Philadelphia has a higher average for the amount of
sunny days among the five cities we were allowed to choose, making this the best
possible choice as we are able to collect the most amount of energy from the sun with our
solar power system.
Conclusion
From all the research we conducted as a team, we have gained a better understanding of what it takes to create a zero energy home. Our zero energy home turned out to be a success, as it saved energy and met all of the customer requirements. Throughout our project, we have also learned and become better at using the engineering design process. Knowing this engineering process is a very important skill that will help us in the future. Our zero energy home overall was a very useful introduction into the engineering major.
References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_building
http://www.zeroenergy.com/
http://www.zeroenergy.com/
