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This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Latin American & Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 15–18 April 2007. This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in a proposal submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers presented at SPE meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to a proposal of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The proposal must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper was presented. Write Librarian, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435.
Proposal Cerro Dragon is a mature Area located in the Argentine Republic, 90 km to the West of Comodoro Rivadavia and 1,900 km to the South of Buenos Aires, with a surface of 3,480 km² and with 3,738 perforated wells. Since its discovery in1958, and after a long history of production, a change of strategy on 1999 resulted in an important increase in Production and Reserves Decision making at every level, such as people health, environment care, and strategic, organizational, structural, operative and technological planning, was key for the rebirth of this field. The work is centered in how we handle the information, the entailment of the data bases and the use of systems we have built to contribute to maintain the production growth of the Cerro Dragón Asset. Based on the field complexity we recognized that it was necessary to implement new tools that would allow us to make production and investments prognoses, integrating information from different sources, as well as to detect improvement opportunities. The selected software tools allowed us to perform simulations and dynamically survey the projects. The information used came from geological, geophysical, physical production, interventions, measurements, and automation databases, among others. Some of them were developed during the 2
The selected software tools additionally let us integrate the projects into the Long Term Plan, and Budget, taking advantage of the virtuous Circle of Plan-Do-Control-Learn. A project simulation is solved in a period substantially shorter than the one it demands a conventional simulator, which is of great advantage at the time of analyzing different scenarios in an area where the structural complexity and the meager petrophysical information are important barriers at the time of making a study. The control and daily pursuit of the Projects through these systems have favored substantially the fast decision making, the correct lease of resources and a better operative answer. To complete the description of our Optimization options other tools and practices are described. Introduction Cerro Dragon fields are located at the Northern flank of the San Jorge Gulf Basin, in the province of Chubut and Santa Cruz, Argentina. Figure 1 Cerro Dragon Areas Location Plat
SPE 107918
Design and Surveillance of Development Projects Through Specific Software Tools: Importance of Data Management in Mature and Complex Fields in the Golfo San Jorge Basin, Argentina Ricardo Mazzola, Isabel Cano Frers, and Dario R. Baldassa, Pan American Energy LLC; Jorge Valle and AlejandroLacivita, Interfaces SA; and Carlos A. Ponce, Alfredo F. Viola, and Miguel A. Laffitte, Pan American Energy LLC
R í o S e n g u e r
R ío D e s e a d o
Rí o
Ch
ico
Lago Musters
Lago
Colhué
Huapi
PIEDRACLAVADA
KOLUEL KA IKEEL VALL E
ANT.GRANDE
C.DRAGÓN
ANT.FUNES
El Cordón
L.Perales
L.Mesetas
El Tordillo
Escalante
Manantiales
Behr
C.Vasco
M.Magallanes
M.Espinosa
C.León
P.Truncado
El Huemul
Cerro Drag ón
Zorro
Las Flores
Escorial
Ant.Grande
CañadonGrande
Oriental
Buenos Aires
C.Minerales
PicoTruncad o
Las Heras
Sarmiento
26
3
43
ValleHermoso
C.Perdido
40
Perito More no
0 100 km
OIL FIELDS
CERRODRAGON
CERRODRAGON
CaletaOlivia
S A N J O R G E
Comodoro
G O L F O Rivadavia
ATLA
NTI
C O
CEA
NAT
LAN
TIC
OC
EAN
PIEDRA CLAVADAKOLUEL KAIKE
PIEDRA CLAVADAKOLUEL KAIKE
Lago
R í o S e n g u e r
R ío D e s e a d o
Rí o
Ch
ico
Lago Musters
Lago
Colhué
Huapi
PIEDRACLAVADA
KOLUEL KA IKEEL VALL E
ANT.GRANDE
C.DRAGÓN
ANT.FUNES
El Cordón
L.Perales
L.Mesetas
El Tordillo
Escalante
Manantiales
Behr
C.Vasco
M.Magallanes
M.Espinosa
C.León
P.Truncado
El Huemul
Cerro Drag ón
Zorro
Las Flores
Escorial
Ant.Grande
CañadonGrande
Oriental
Buenos Aires
C.Minerales
PicoTruncad o
Las Heras
Sarmiento
26
3
43
ValleHermoso
C.Perdido
40
Perito More no
0 100 km
OIL FIELDSOIL FIELDS
CERRODRAGON
CERRODRAGON
CaletaOlivia
S A N J O R G E
Comodoro
G O L F O Rivadavia
ATLA
NTI
C O
CEA
NAT
LAN
TIC
OC
EAN
PIEDRA CLAVADAKOLUEL KAIKE
PIEDRA CLAVADAKOLUEL KAIKE
Lago
Copyright 2007, Society of Petroleum Engineers
initial years (1999 – 2000).
2 SPE 107918
The Cerro Dragón Contract Area, consists of approximately 50 fields. The area has been operated by Amoco since 1959. In 1997, Pan American Energy, become the operator following the formation of a joint venture between Amoco (now BP Amoco) and Bridas. Cerro Dragon has been under development as an oil producing area since 1959 through a combination of infill and extension drilling for additional primary oil production and Waterflooding Projects in some selected fields. Approximately 60% of the area is now under water flood. Cumulative oil recovery to date from both primary and secondary development exceeds 760 million barrels. There are currently 2410 Oil producing wells and 405 water injection wells in the area.
General Geologic Setting & Reservoir Description The Cerro Dragon asset comprises 800,000 acres in a roughly rectangular block located on the north flank of the Golfo San Jorge Basin, a Mesozoic extensional basin filled with Jurassic lacustrian and Cretaceous fluvial deposit with Tertiary compression and wrenching superimposed on earlier extensional features. The main reservoir consists of sandstones of the Comodoro Rivadavia Formation and altered tuffaceous sandstones and siltstones in the Mina Del Carmen Formation. Hidrocarbons Traps consist of tilted horst blocks, faulted anticlines and structurally enhanced stratigraphic pinch outs. Wells are produced commingled from stacked individual reservoirs 1 to 8 meters thick, each one with different initial reservoir pressure and fluid properties and contacts.
Figure 3. A schematic cross-section show the Field complexity Some keys of the Cerro Dragon rebirth
A Development Master Plan 3D Record and Processing
An electrification plan
Facilities expansion
DATA MANAGEMENT AND SOFT
INTEGRATION In 1999 more than 90 % of the fields and wells information was available only in hard copies, the challenge was integrate it into Databases. First step:
Digitalization of old logs Develop and copy Wells File
INFOPROD and BDIEP data entry (3500 wells)
Detailed geological studies in the waterflooding
blocks Second step:
A virtuous circle “Planning , Doing, Control, Learn” was a very useful tool, associated with more friendly and empowered softwares. Sotware tools objectives goals: 1. Adjust the Production Forecast 2. Improve CAPEX and OPEX 3. Identify and Qualify the information required to
share in the new Databases.
30 JUL 200630 JUL 2006
Cuenca San Jorge – Area Cerro DragónHistoria de Producción y Actividad
CAN
TID
AD D
E PO
ZOS
PRO
DU
CTO
RES
510
200
1400
1000
600
1800
2000
2200
510
200
1400
1000
600
1800
2000
2200
1960 197519701965 1980 1985 1990 20001995 2005
TOTAL DE POZOS EN PRODUCCION
TOTAL POZOSINYECTORES
WI
NUMERO DE EQUIPOS DE PERFORACION
WP
1960 197519701965 1980 1985 1990 20001995 20051960 197519701965 1980 1985 1990 20001995 2005
TOTAL DE POZOS EN PRODUCCION
TOTAL POZOSINYECTORES
WI
NUMERO DE EQUIPOS DE PERFORACION
WP
400
1960 197519701965 1980 1985 1990 20001995 20051960 197519701965 1980 1985 1990 20001995 20051960 197519701965 1980 1985 1990 20001995 2005
PRO
DU
CCIO
N (B
OPD
)
12500
25000
50000
62500
75000
37500
87500
100000
200
VEN
TAS
DE
GAS
(MM
ft3/d
)
100
PRODUCCION TOTAL DE PETROLEO
VENTAS DE GAS
RECUPERACION SECUNDARIA
300
OILOIL
IWIW
GasGas
PRO
DU
CCIO
N (B
OPD
)
12500
25000
50000
62500
75000
37500
87500
100000
200
VEN
TAS
DE
GAS
(MM
ft3/d
)
100
PRODUCCION TOTAL DE PETROLEO
VENTAS DE GAS
RECUPERACION SECUNDARIA
300
OILOIL
IWIW
GasGas
SPE 107918 3
Figure 4. A virtuous circle The core of the new way for our work was SAHARA a friendly software to history matching the production wells and forecasting. Along the years this software was empowered with new options of connectivity with our data bases and new options of calculations and simulation became available. Waterflooding Projects, Workovers and Drillings Plan were simulated block by block in each field of Cerro Dragon. Figure 5. Inputs and outputs from SAHARA The source of the Geological models was Landmark Software, the production and operation information source was INFOPROD , the completion and work over information including test was BDIEP SLPOS, the beam pumping information source was Dynapack . For each one of these sources data loading processes were added to SAHARA. The simulation time in Sahara was reduced dramatically compared with conventional simulators, less information or simplification of it to simulate is very important when you have around a hundred layers in each well, with different fluid properties, only a SFT pressure by layer and completion or workover test for each one by swabbing.
Figure 6. History Match and forecast Figure 7. Some case of design Figure 8. How you see each layer and the injection pattern
WF MANGEMENT TOOLS
INFOPROD(PAE Production DB)
DYNA PACK(Artificial Lift DB)
LANDMARK(geological & geophysical)
BDIEP(Drlg, WO & Completion DB)
SAHARAReservoir Simulation
Reservoir Management
New Projects Simulation
Current Project Management
Forecasts & Reserves Estimation
i-Choke
Cuenca del Golfo de San Jorge (C.G.S.J)
Control
DoingPlannig
Learning Control
DoingPlannig
Learning
New Tools
TOTAL FIELD HISTORY MATCH
qlP [m³/d] qo P [m³/d] qlAlP [m³/d] qo AlP [m³/d]
10
100
1000
10000P CD-80/P CD-81/P CD-149/P CD-153/...
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Liquid rate
Oil rateOil rate forecast
Liquid rate forecast
Oil production wells
Injectors wells
Injection rate forecastInjection
rate
Sahara project expansionDesign & surveillance
CDIII: Expansion Horizontal
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
P CD-80
P CD-81
P CD-149
P CD-153P CD-159
P CD-160
P CD-164
P CD-173
P CD-179
P CD-180
P CD-183P CD-184
P CD-186
P CD-187
P CD-190
P CD-191
P CD-192
P CD-195
P CD-196
P CD-220
P CD-240 P CD-257
P CD-258
P CD-259
P CD-273
P CD-274P CD-804
P CD-832
P CD-845
P CD-847
P CD-848
P CG-26
P CG-86
P CG-109
P CG-113
P CG-153P CG-157
P CG-251
P CG-819
P CD-850
P CD-852
P CD-851
P CD-0A P CD-0B
P CD-0D
P CD-0F
P CD-0H
P CD-0IP CD-0J
P CD-0K
P CD-0L
P CD-0M
P CD-0P
P CD-0O
P CD-0R
P CD-0T
Arena J4E
The layer wf was improved with new injectors and infill well perforation
4 SPE 107918
The exploitation status, dynamic and statics parameters of the wells, dinamometer studies, artificial lift system conditions, monitoring, Pulling Frequence, Production Meeting comments, references, bottomhole installation, operating conditions, changes, formation water injection by injector well and by layer can be monitored very quickly. Early detection can be achieved for taking right decisions.
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
0.1
1
10
100
1000PCD-172
96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Figure 9. Well producing Chart For Injector Wells: In these charts it is possible to detect water distribution problems and injectivity reductions.
qw iP PC-49[m³/DC] qw iC PC-49 110[m³/DC] qw iC PC-49 113[m³/DC]qw iC PC-49 115[m³/DC] qw iC PC-49 150[m³/DC]
1
10
100
1000 PC-49
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Figure 10. Well Injector Chart
Figure 11. How look a view of a typical well sketch Figure 12. Layers view in a 3D Screen The output of the SAHARA integrated data and simulation are :
1. Drilling Plans 2. Workover Plans 3. Conversion to injector Plans 4. Production and Injection forecast 5. Several Scenarios
All the SAHARA output is loaded into the P&CG system (Planeamiento & Control de Gestión system) where the analyst can manage the budget and CAPEX Expenditures to prepar the Long Term Plan.
Sahara surveillance - Well analysisWell sketch
Sahara surveillance3-D visualization
Wells
Sand J4
Sand M1
Sand M7
Sand O6
Sand S4
Workover- Puling Perforations Jobs
Liquid Production &Produciton tests
Oil Produciton & Production Tests
Sumergency
Artificial Lift System changes Decisions taken
Total Water injected
Layer 115
Layer 110
Layer 113 Layer 150
Workover Jobs
Waterfooding response
Artificial List system Change to ESP
Lifting Optimization
Water Injection Distribution per Mandrel and Layer
SPE 107918 5
Figure 13. Sumergency Map Figure 14. Quickly visualization of Drilling and WO Programs Figure 16. Underdeveloped status screen – Bubble map Figure 15. Underdeveloped status screen
Which tools are currently under development :
Facilities visualization WETS ™ module evaluation
Which are the challenges to addres in the future:
Export data to BDRC (Certified Reserves Data Base) Software utilities integration as:
o Well type design o Dynamic Pressure Calculation in pipes
o Gas material balance
Other systems and software developments support our daily work
Figure 16. Pump off and beam pumping data visualization Figure 17. Facilities Control Panel
Drilling & WO surveillance programm
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
I-3
I-2I-1
PCG-949
PCG-948
PCG-924
PCG-939
PCG-938
PCG-937
PCG-935
PCG-936
PCG-934PCG-895
PCG-927
PCG-868
PCG-920
PCG-922
PCG-919 PCG-921
PCG-892
PCG-888
PCG-891
PCG-889
PCG-890
PCG-884PCG-882PCG-878
PCG-875
PCG-874
PCG-876
LOCPCG-94
LOCPCG-68
LOCPCG-64
LOCPCG-52
LOCPCG-208
LOCPCG-104
LOCPCG-102
PCG-872PCG-871
T-116
T-106
PCG-866
PCG-865
PCG-864
PCG-858
PCG-856
PCG-855
PCG-854
PCG-853
PCG-852
PCG-850
PCG-845
PCG-844
PCG-841
PCG-840
PCG-838
PCG-835PCG-828
PCG-826
PCG-816
PCG-815
PCG-812
PCG-811
PCG-810
PCG-809
PCG-808
PCG-807
PCG-802
PCG-801
PCG-710
PCG-709
PCG-708
PCG-707
PCG-704
PCG-703
PCG-702
PCG-281
PCG-280
PCG-279
PCG-277
PCG-276PCG-275
PCG-267
PCG-266
PCG-264
PCG-261
PCG-243
PCG-236
PCG-229
PCG-224
PCG-223
PCG-222
PCG-221
PCG-220
PCG-219
PCG-213
PCG-212PCG-209
PCG-205
PCG-188PCG-187
PCG-183
PCG-162
PCG-161PCG-159
PCG-156
PCG-154
PCG-147 PCG-146
PCG-145PCG-144
PCG-142
PCG-138
PCG-137PCG-136
PCG-128
PCG-125
PCG-121
PCG-112
PCG-107
PCG-93PCG-91
PCG-90PCG-87
PCG-81
PCG-79
PCG-78
PCG-71
PCG-70
PCG-69
PCG-65
PCG-63
PCG-61
PCG-60
PCG-59
PCG-54
PCG-51
PCG-49
PCG-48
PCG-47PCG-46
PCG-45
PCG-42
PCG-41PCG-40
PCG-39
PCG-38
PCG-37
PCG-36
PCG-25
PCG-23
PCG-22
PCG-21
PCG-20
PCG-19
PCG-18
PCG-17
PCG-16
PCG-15
PCG-14PCG-12PCG-11
PCG-10
PCG-9 PCG-8 PCG-7
PCG-6PCG-5PCG-4PCG-3
PCG-2PCG-1
ICG-1
productor
Cañadón Grande II West
2005
2003
2006
2004
Drilling Productor
Adecuación
Conversión Inyector
Drilling Inyector
OILGASWATERINJECTORDRYLOCATIONOLD LOCATIONABANDONED-OILSHUT-IN-GASSHUT-IN-OILSHUT-IN-WATERDRILLING-OR-TESTINGSHUT-IN-INJECTOR
Drilling Productor: 4/4Drilling Inyector: 7/8Conversión Inyector: 4/4
Adecuación Productor: 26/43Adecuación Inyector: 9/9
Locación P1 Locación P2 Locación P3
Sahara surveillanceUnderdeveloped status
SITU surveillance systemWell following up
SITU surveillance systemFacilities following up
6 SPE 107918
Figure 18. Beam pumping data visualization THE PRODUCTION CYCLE AND INJECTION COMPLEXITY IN TWO FIGURES Figure 19. Cerro Dragon production cycle
1,850 Beam pumped wells 30 PCP pumped wells
450 ESP pumped wells
2 Gas production wells
70 Oil and gas Stations
2 Oil treatment Plants
1 Gas Treatment Plant
Figure 20. Subsurface injection installation
405 water injection wells
19 injection plants
18 water treatment plants Conclusions
Integrated data management is one of the keys of the Cerro Dragon rebirth.
A flexible and friendly simulator with connection to
our data bases gives us a power tool to make good decisions.
Databases according the field complexity and needs
is the best way
The virtuous circle is the best tool of our teams to complete the targets.
Dynapack surveillanceWell analysis
Production Cycle
2 MAIN TREATING PLANTS AND ADITIONAL WATER SEPARATION PLANTS
TO CALETA CORDOVA TERMINAL (SALES)
WATER
WATERFLOOD PROJECTS
INJECTION PLANTS
OIL
WATERDISPOSALS
PROD. WELLS
SATELLITE STATIONS
FLUIDOIL+WATER+GAS
INJECTIONWELLS
FIELD GAS SYSTEM2 MAIN TREATING PLANTS AND ADITIONAL WATER SEPARATION PLANTS
TO CALETA CORDOVA TERMINAL (SALES)
WATER
WATERFLOOD PROJECTS
INJECTION PLANTS
OIL
WATERDISPOSALS
PROD. WELLS
SATELLITE STATIONS
FLUIDOIL+WATER+GAS
INJECTIONWELLS
FIELD GAS SYSTEM
Flooded sandFlooded sand
Flooded sandFlooded sand
Flooded sandFlooded sand
Tension PackerTension Packer Injection mandrel with flow Injection mandrel with flow regulator valveregulator valve
Tension PackerTension Packer
Anchor PackerAnchor Packer
Subsurface injection installationInjection histories analisys
SPE 107918 7
Acknowledgements Thanks are due to: PAE Cerro Dragon Development Reserves Teams because this paper reflect their hard daily work. The PAE facilities and automation team for improving the data loading and databases operation. The PAE IT Team for high quality systems and communications. INTERFACES Management and design Team because they’ve working along many years to improve and integrate into customized software for their and our ideas and needs. References
1. Ezequiel Massaglia, Dario Baldassa, Carlos Ponce,
Bernabé Zalazar. Injector-Well Completion Designs for Selectively Waterflooding up to 18 Zones in a Multilayered Reservoir: Experience in the Cerro Dragón Field. SPE paper 99997 presented at the 2006 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 20–26 April 2006.
2. J.P. Martins, SPE, J.M. MacDonald, C.G. Stewart, SPE,
and C.J. Phillips, SPE, BPExploration (Alaska) Inc. The Management and Optimization of a Major Wellwork Program at Prudhoe Bay. SPE paper 30649 , 1995.