DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA WITH … · 2021. 4. 16. · The antenna is fabricated using FR-4 epoxy as substrate (relative permittivity=4.4, loss tangent=0.0004),

Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2)

ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X

www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 761

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

WITH 2 HEXAGONAL SPLIT RING RESONATOR ARRAY

FOR IOT APPLICATIONS

P. POORNA PRIYA1, SYED INTHIYAZ2, M. VASANTH RAO3,

S.K.P.V. SRI DEEPTHI4, P. SRI LIKHITHA5 1,2Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation,

Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, 3,4,5Students, Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation,

Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, A.P,India [email protected]

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Micro-strip patch antenna plays a major role in our day to day life. In this paper we designed a micro-strip

patch antenna with a hexagonal split ring resonator for IOT applications. We used different measurements and

arrays to calculate the parameters like return-loss and gain. All these are done using ANSOFT HFSS. The

antenna is fabricated using FR-4 epoxy as substrate (relative permittivity=4.4, loss tangent=0.0004), and patch

and the ground are copper (PEC) and a coaxial feed. These designed antennas are fabricated and used in real-

time applications.

Keywords: Patch Antenna, HFSS, FR-4 epoxy

I. INTRODUCTION

Micro-strip patch antennas are widely used now a days because of several advantages like compact size, ease of

fabrication, lower cost etc. A patch antenna is a narrowband and wide beam antenna fabricated by etching the

element pattern of antenna in a metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as printed circuit board,

with a continuous layer of metal bonded to the opposite of the substrate which forms a ground plane.

A split-ring resonator (SRR) is an artificially produced structure common to metamaterials. Their purpose is to

produce the desired magnetic susceptibility (magnetic response) in various types of metamaterials up to 200

terahertz. These media create the necessary strong magnetic coupling to an applied electromagnetic field, not

otherwise available in conventional materials. For example, an effect such as negative permeability is produced

with a periodic array of split ring resonators.

A single cell SRR has a pair of enclosed loops with splits in them at opposite ends. The loops are made of

nonmagnetic metal like copper and have a small gap between them. The loops can be concentric, or square, and

gapped as needed. A magnetic flux penetrating the metal rings will induce rotating currents in the rings, which

produce their own flux to enhance or oppose the incident field (depending on the SRRs resonant properties). This

field pattern is dipolar. The small gaps between the rings produces large capacitance values which lower the

resonating frequency. Hence the dimensions of the structure are small compared to the resonant wavelength. This

results in low radiative losses, and very high-quality factors

http://www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X


Split ring resonators (SRRs) consist of a pair of concentric metallic rings, etched on a dielectric substrate, with slits

etched on opposite sides. SRRs can produce an effect of being electrically smaller when responding to an oscillating

electromagnetic field.

This paper reflects hexagonal split ring resonator patch antenna for IOT applications, Wimax applications.

II. ANTENNA GEOMENTRY

The layout of the proposed hexagonal split ring resonator patch antenna is shown in fig1(a), 1(b),1(c)

1(a)1x1 Array

1(b) 2x2 Array

1(c) 4x4 Array



ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X


III. DESIGN LAYOUT DESIGN PARAMETERS OF AN UNIT CELL

PARAMETERS VALUES(mm)

A 12.5

B 9

C 7.5

D 6

E 4

F 2

G 1

H 2

P 30

Q 30

IV. RESULTS:

The proposed antenna is designed in HFSS software and the results are simulated and verified. This antenna can be

used at three different frequencies namely 3.2GHz, 5.2GHz, 4.54GHz. By creating 2X2 array and 4X4 array we

calculate gain and found 2X2 have the highest gain and settled with it.

ARRAY GAIN

1X1 2.5dB

2X2 5dB

4X4 2.5dB

RETURNLOSS:

1(d) GRAPH 1 (1X1 ARRAY)

In This figure1(d) the return loss at 3.2 ,4.5,5.1 are -13.83,-9.8,-10.4199 respectively



ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X


1 (e) GRAPH 2(2X2 ARRAY)

In This figure the rteurn loss at 3.2 ,4.5,5.1 are -22.41 , -10.23 , -15.56 respectively

1 (f) GRAPH 3(4X4 ARRAY)

In This figure the rteurn loss at 3.2 ,4.5,5.1 are -24.71, -17.58, -15.28 respectively

GAIN PLOT:

The 3 D gain plot of 1X1 array,2X2 array and 4X 4 array is shown in below plots with maximum gain at resonant

frequency.

1(g) PLOT 1 (1X1 ARRAY)

The maximum gain from the figure 1g is 2.5dB



ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X


1 (h) PLOT 2(2X2 ARRAY)

The maximum gain from the figure 1(h) is 5dB

1 (i) PLOT 3(3X3 ARRAY)

The maximum gain from the figure 1g is 2.5dB

VSWR PLOTS:

The given below plots are vswr plots for 1x1,2x2,4x4 Arrays respectively

Vswr plot for 1x1 array



ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X




V. COMPARISION AND ANALYSIS

Array Return Loss Freq1 Freq2 Freq3 Gain(dB)

1x1 -14 3.24 4.54 5.2 2.5

2x2 -22.50 3.24 4.54 5.2 5

3x3 -24 3.24 4.54 5.2 2.5

By observing the above tabular column, it is concluded that the designed antenna is resonates at 3 different

frequencies which can be used for IOT applications. By comparing return loss and Gain of each antenna,it is

concluded that 2X2 array is showing good agreement with return loss and gain.

VI. FABRICATED ANTENNA AND IT’S RESULTS:

The Designed antenna is fabricated for 2X2 array and results are verified practically.2(a),2(b),2(c),2(d) are the

manufactured antenna and s11 plot and vswr plot respectively



ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X


2(a) Fabiacted antenna for 2X2 array

2(b) Fabricated antenna for 2X2 array

2(c)Measured return loss for 1X2 array hexagonal shape



ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X


Testing the antenna

2(d) Measured VSWR for 1X2 array hexagonal shape

The simulated results and measured results have good agreement with each other

REFERENCE [1] Slotted Microstrip Antennas for Circular Polarization with Compact Size Nasimuddin, Zhi Ning Chen, and Xianming Qing, Institute for Infocomm

Research Singapore, 138632

[2] Nasimuddin, Z. N. Chen, and X. Qing, "Asymmetric-Circular Shaped Slotted Microstrip Antennas for Circular Polari zationand RFID Applications." IEEE Transactions on Anten nas and Propagation. AP-58. 12, December 2010, pp. 3821-3828.

[3] Triple Band Micro-strip Rectangular Patch Antenna Mounted on Silk Substrate for Wearable Applications P. Poorna Priya.S. Daya Murali, V. M.V.K.Supreeth. Phani Sasank, A. Vishnu Vardhan.G.Manmohan.DST-FIST Sponsored ECE Department, KL University Vaddeswaram. Guntur District, India

[4] Antenna theory Analysis and Design third edition CONSTANTINE A.BALANIS

[5] http://www.ansoft.com

[6] B.T.P. Madhav, S.S. Mohan Reddy, J. Ravindranath Chowdary, V. Vinod Babu, S.S. Satya Parthiva, S. Kalyana Saravana, "Anal- ysis of Dual Feed Asymmetric Antenna", In ternational Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 8. Num ber 4, June-2013, pp. 361-367. (FIST)

[7] A Compact Ultrawideband Antenna Based on Hexagonal Split-Ring Resonator for pH Sensor Application

[8] U. Bashir, Kumudh R Jha, Ghanshyam Mishra, G. Singh and Satish K. Sharma, “Octahedron Shaped Linearly Polarized Antenna for Multi-Standards Services including RFID and IOT”, IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, 2017.

[9] Xiaosheng Fang, Kwok Wa Leung, Eng Hock Lim,‘Singly-Fed Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna’, IEEE antennae and wireless propagation letters, vol. 13, pp. 995- 998.

[10] Myla, S., Marella, S.T., Swarnendra Goud, A. “Design decision taking system for student career selection for accurate academic system” International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8(9), pp. 2199-2206.

[11] Siva Kumar, M., Inthiyaz, S., Venkata Krishna, P., Jyothsna Ravali, C., Veenamadhuri, J., Hanuman Reddy, Y., Hasane Ahammad, S Implementation of most appropriate leakage power techniques in vlsi circuits using nand and nor gates, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8(7), pp. 797-801

[12] Inthiyaz, S., Madhav, B.T.P., Kishore, P.V.V., Flower image segmentation with PCA fused colored covariance and gabor texture features based level sets, Ain Shams Engineering Journal 9(4), pp. 3277-3291



ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X


[13] Inthiyaz, S., Madhav, B.T.P., Kishore Kumar, P.V.V., Vamsi Krishna, M., Sri Sai Ram Kumar, “Flower image segmentation: A comparison between watershed, marker controlled watershed, and watershed edge wavelet fusion”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 11(15), pp. 9382-9387.

[14] Ahammad, S.H., Rajesh, V., Venkatesh, K.N., Nagaraju, P., Rao, P.R., Inthiyaz, S. “Liver segmentation using abdominal CT scanning to detect liver disease area” International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 7(11), pp. 664-669.

[15] Siva Kumar M., Inthiyaz S., Dhamini J., Sanjay A., Chandu Srinivas U. (2019), ‘Delay estimation of different approximate adders using mentor graphics’, International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 8(6), PP.3584-3587.

[16] Kumar, S., Inthiyaz, S., Pavani, D., Naga Kishore, G, “Implementation of recursive formulation for parallel self-timed adder using verlog logic” International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8(2), pp. 355-360.

[17] Siva Kumar, M., Inthiyaz, S., Narsimha Nayak, V., "Analysis of low power conditional sum adder", Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9(17).

[18] Inthiyaz, S., Tulasi, S.K., Jayanthi, R.S.L., Sahitya, C., Jyothi, C. “Design of bi-trigger sram using schmitt trigger for low power 13t cmos application” International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 8(12), pp. 1466-1471.

[19] Kumar, M.S., Inthiyaz, S., Babu, M.A., Teja, B., Ahmed, S.J., Harika, T.S., Bhaskar, K., " Two speed radix-2 booth multiplier using verilog", Journal of Critical Reviews 7(4), pp. 668-671.

[20] Siva Kumar, M., Inthiyaz, S., Muzammil Parvez, M, “A novel ultra-low power 7T full adder design using mixed logic”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804(1).

[21] Amarnatha Sarma, C., Inthiyaz, S., Madhav, B.T.P. “Effect of ground etching, inset feed and substrate height on elliptically shaped patch antenna” International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8(7), pp. 3145-3149.

[22] Najumunnisa, M.D., Khan, H., Madhav, B.T.P., Nadh, B.P., Inthiyaz, S.” 4 X 4 element MIMO antenna with notch band characteristics for WLAN applications “ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14(22), pp. 3797-3803.

[23] Amarnatha Sarma, C., Inthiyaz, S., Madhav, B.T.P., Sree Lakshmi, P. “Frequency Reconfigurable elliptical microstrip patch antenna using resonator, partial removal in the ground, and PIN diode for L and C band applications” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1804(1) [10] Siva Kumar, M., Noorbasha, F., Inthiyaz, “Low power carry look-ahead adder using transmission gate multiplexer” International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8(1), pp. 13-17

[24] Poorna Chander Reddy, A., Siva Kumar, M., Murali Krishna, B., Inthiyaz, S., Ahammad, S.H., Physical unclonable function based design for customized digital logic circuit, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 28(8), pp. 206-221.

[25] Reddy, P.C., Kumar, M.S., Krishna, B.M., Inthiyaz, S., Ahammad, Sk.H., “Customized Digital Logic Circuit based design for Physical Unclonable Function”, Journal of Critical Reviews 6(5), pp. 192-199.

[26] Inthiyaz, S., Madhav, B.T.P., Raghava Prasad, C., “Flower image classification with basket of features and multi layered artificial neural networks” International Journal of Engineering and Technology (UAE) 7(1.1 Special Issue 1), pp. 642-650.

[27] Murali Krishna, B., Siva Kumar, M., Rajesh, J., Inthiyaz, S., Mounica, J., Bhavani, M., Adidela, C.N., “FPGA implementation by using XBee transceiver” Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9(17)


Documents

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA WITH … · 2021. 4. 16. · The antenna is fabricated using FR-4 epoxy as substrate (relative permittivity=4.4, loss tangent=0.0004),