DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ABDUL WALI KHAN · PDF fileABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY, MARDAN, PALOSA CAMPUS CHARSADDA ... for the given set weak acids by potentiometric method. ... Principle

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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY, MARDAN, PALOSA

CAMPUS CHARSADDA

Scheme of Studies for BS Chemistry Four Years Program

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SCHEME OF STUDIES, BS (4-YEAR) PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY Department of Chemistry Palosa Campus Charsadda, AWKUM

Course Title Credit hours

Semester - I Theory Practical

ENG-100 English-I (Functional)

3 0

GEN-100 General-I 3 0

GEN-101 General-II 3 0

MATH-100 Mathematics-I Mathematics-I/Functional Biology

3 0

COMP-100 Computer and Its Applications in Chemistry

3 0

CHEM-151 Inorganic Chemistry

3 1

Total 18 1

Semester - II Theory Practical

ENG-200 English-II (Functional)

3 0

GEN-200 Islamic Studies / Ethics

2 0

GEN-201 General-III 3 0

MATH-200 Mathematics-II/Functional Biology/University Optional

3 0

STAT-100 Statistics 3 0

CHEM-161 Organic Chemistry

3 1

Total 17 1

Semester - III Theory Practical

ENG-300 English-III (Report Writing)

3 0

GEN-300 Pakistan Studies

2 0

GEN-301 General-IV 3 0

GEN-302 General-V 3 0

CHEM-141 Environmental Chemistry

2 0

CHEM-171 Physical Chemistry

3 1

Total 16 1

Semester - IV Theory Practical

ENG-400 English-IV / University Optional

3 0

3

GEN-400 General-VI 3 0

GEN-401 General-VII 3 0

CHEM-111 Analytical Chemistry

2 0

CHEM-121 Industrial Chemistry

2 0

CHEM-131 Biochemistry

2 0

Total 15 0

Course Title Credit hours

Semester - V Theory Practical

CHEM-251 Inorganic Chemistry 3 1

CHEM-261 Organic Chemistry 3 1

CHEM-271 Physical Chemistry 3 1

CHEM-211 Analytical-/ CHEM-231 Bio-Chemistry

3 1

Total 12 4

Semester - VI Theory Practical

CHEM-351 Inorganic Chemistry 3 1

CHEM-361 Organic Chemistry 3 1

CHEM-371 Physical Chemistry 3 1

CHEM-311 Analytical-/ CHEM-331 Bio- Chemistry

3 1

Total 12 4

Semester - VII: Specialization (Inorganic/ Organic/Physical/Applied/ Analytical/Bio Chemistry)

Theory Practical

Paper-I 3 0

Paper-II 3 0

Paper-III 3 0

Practical-I 0 1

Elective Course-I (other than the field of specialization)

3 0

Research Project / Advanced Practical / Position Paper (literature survey)

0 2

Total 12 3

Semester - VIII : Specialization (Inorganic/ Organic/Physical/ Applied/ Analytical-/Bio-Chemistry

Theory Practical

Paper - IV 3 0

Paper - V 3 0

Paper - VI 3 0

Practical - II 0 1

Elective Course - II (other than the field of specialization)

3 0

4

Research Project / Advanced Practical / Position Paper (write-up)

0 2

Total 12 3

Total Credit Hours: 131

The list of general courses was also reviewed and approved as follows:

List of General Courses: (Proposed in NCRC special meeting in Chemistry) 1. Social Psychology 2. Community Development 3. Environmental Sciences 4. Principles of management 5. Logic and Reasoning 6. Teaching and Learning 7. Social Issues of Pakistan 8. Entrepreneurship 9. Human Resource Management 10. Basic Financial Management 11. History of Human Civilization 12. History of Science

OR Any other, including supportive science courses other than chemistry, depending upon the

expertise available.

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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

PALOSA CAMPUS ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY

MARDAN

Scheme of Studies for M.Sc Two Years Program

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SCHEME OF STUDIES M.Sc TWO YEARS PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY,

PALOSA CAMPUS AWKUM

Semester-I Semester-II

S.NO Paper Cr. Hrs S.NO Paper Cr. Hrs

1 Analytical Chem. paper-I 2-0 1 Analytical Chem. paper-II 2-1

2 Biochemistry paper-I 2-0 2 Biochemistry paper-II 2-1

3 Inorganic Chem. paper-I 3-1 3 Inorganic Chem. paper-II 3-1

4 Organic Chem. paper-I 3-1 4 Organic Chem. paper-II 3-1

5 Physical Chem. paper-I 3-1 5 Physical Chem. paper-II 3-1

6 Mathematics 2-0

Total 18 Total 18

Semester-III (Specialization) Semester-IV (Specialization)

S.NO Paper Cr. Hrs S.NO Paper Cr. Hrs

1 Env. /Computational Chem.

Paper-I

2-1 1 Env. /Computational

Chem. Paper-II

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2 Specialization Paper-I 3 2 Specialization Paper-V 3

3 Specialization Paper-II 3 3 Specialization Paper-VI 3

4 Specialization Paper-III 3 4 Specialization Paper-VII 3

5 Specialization Paper-IV 3 5 Specialization Paper-VIII 3

6 Special practical/research 3 6 Special practical/research 3

Total 18 Total 18

Specialization papers: Inorganic/analytical, Biochemistry, Organic and Physical

Chemistry, the student will have to opt for one field of Specialization.

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COURSE OUTLINES OF M.Sc TWO YEARS PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY,

AWKUM

M.Sc. 1st –Year, Semester -I

Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM-511

Credit Hours: 02 Marks: 100

Course Contents

Introduction to Analytical Chemistry, Classical methods of analysis, Analytical

Sampling: Data handling: Stoichiometric calculations, Chemical Equilibrium, acid/base,

Solubility and Complexation equilibria, Electroanalytical techniques, Classifications of

Electroanalytical techniques, Potentiometry and conductometry with applications,

Introduction to spectroscopic techniques.

Analytical Chemistry Practical Cr. Hrs: 01

1. To determine the exact weight of materials and to analyze replicate measurement

statistically.

2. To calibrate Volumetric Apparatus and to investigate errors in delivered volume.

3. To determine the concentration of strong acid solution by conductometric

titration.

4. To determine the individual concentration of acid in the given binary mixture of

strong/weak acid condutometrically.

5. To evaluate Ksp for lead iodate by conductance method.

6. To determine the solubility product of Cadmium iodate titrimetrically.

7. To determine the constancy of the solubility product.

8. To estimate Ca++

concentration in drinking water by EDTA Complexometric

titration.

9. To determine the concentration of strong acid potentiometrically using first and

second derivative method.

10. To determine pKa for the given set weak acids by potentiometric method.

11. To show independence of solubility on the amount of undissolved species.

12. To establish the stochiometric relation for the precipitation of silver chloride.

Books Recommended

Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.

Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch,

Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinhote, New York.

Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis,

I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan

and Co. New York.

David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry

Course Title: Biochemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM- 531


Course Contents

Introduction, Importance and the scope of Biochemistry. Forms, functions and

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brief classification of prokaryotes. Cellular architecture and diversity of eukaryotes.

Physical aspects of biochemistry

Water, ionization of water, pH, Acid-base reactions, Buffers.

Water

Structure, physical properties & importance of water. Unique properties of carbon.

Nature of organic matter. Isomerism. General reactions of different functional groups.

Biologically important organic compounds / Solvents.

Biomolecules

Overview of Biomolecules and their structures including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

and nucleic acids.

Nucleic Acids

Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Purines and Pyrimidines. Introduction to DNA, RNA.

Metabolism Pathways

Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid Cycle, Gluconeogenesis.

Evolution of life

Prebiotic molecular evolution and rise of living systems. Review of the variety and

ecology of the living world. Use and significance of Radioisotopes in Biochemistry.

Books Recommended

1. Voet, D. and J. G. Voet,. Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York (2001).

2. Text Book of Biochemistry (1970) by E. West & W. Todd Macmillan.

3. Biochemistry. (1999) 3rd Ed. by C. K. Mathews, K. E. Van Holde, & K.G. Ahern.

Prentice Hall.

4. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 27th Ed. by R.K. Murray, D.K. Grannar, V.W.

Rodwell. McGraw Hill.

5. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (2008) 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W.

H. Freeman Publishers

Biochemistry Practical Credit Hours: 01

Marks: 50

1. Preparation of solutions

Preparation of Percent solutions (W/V, V/V and milligram percent).

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Preparation of Molar Solutions.

Preparation of Normal / equivalent solutions.

Preparation of Molal solutions.

Preparation of ppm and ppb solutions.

Preparation of solution from given stock solution by dilution method.

2. Standardization of given solution.

3. Determination of pH of different samples and body fluids.

(pH meter, pH strip/paper and Titrimetric method)

4. Preparation of Buffers:Phosphate buffer, Acetate buffer, Citrate buffer, Universal

buffer

Books Recommended

1. Wilson, A. Practical Biochemistry: Principle and techniques (2000).

2. Swotzer, Experiment Biochemistry theory and exercises in fundamental method

(2000).

3. Dryer, R. L. and G. F. Lata, Experimental Biochemistry, Oxford University Press.

4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, , McGraw Hill Book Co.,

New York (1986).

5. Alexander, R. R., J. M Griggiths and M. L. Wikinson, Basic Biochemical

Methods, John Wiley & Sons.

6. Wooton, I. D. P., Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, J&A Churchill.

Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry Paper-1 Code: CHEM- 551


Non Aqueous Solvents

Classification of solvents, types of reactions in different solvents, effect of physical and

chemical properties of solvents on reactions, detailed study of liquid NH3, liquid H2S,

liquid HF and liquid SO2 as solvents.

Coordination Compounds

Study of coordination compounds regarding their historical back ground, nomenclature,

geometry, theories i.e. Jorgensen theory, Werner's theory, valence bond theory, crystal

field theory and molecular orbital theory. Properties of coordination compound i.e.

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magnetic properties, stability and stereochemistry. Techniques for studying coordination

compounds and their applications.

Books Recommended

1. J.E. Huheey., E.A Keiter, and R.L. Keiter. “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of

Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper and Row, New York, 2001

2. F.A. Cotton., G.Wilkinson, and P. L. Gaus. “Basic Inorganic Chemistry”, 3rd Ed.,

Wiley, New York, 1995.

3. F. Basolo. and R.C Johnson. “Coordination Chemistry” Tallahassee, Florida,

1962.

4. F.A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo and M. Bochmann, “Advanced

Inorganic Chemistry”, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999.

5. A. K. Holliday, and A.G. Massey, "Inorganic Chemistry in Non-Aqueous

Solvents", Pergamon Press, New York, 1990.

6. E. M Larsen. “Transition Elements”, W. A. Benjamin Inc., 1995

7. J. Bassette., G.H. Denney, and J. Mendham. “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative

Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English

Language Book Society, 4th

Edition, 1981.

8. A. I. Vogel, “A Textbook of Micro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic

Analysis” Longman Green & Co. 1995.

Inorganic Chemistry Practical


1. Analysis of salts mixtures for anions and cations

2. Preparation of at least four coordination compounds in a pure state

3. Complexometric titrations

Course Title: Organic Chemistry Paper- I Code: CHEM- 161


Course Contents

Introduction to Organic Chemistry, chemistry of carbon compounds; organic chemistry, a

historical perspective.

Chemical Bonding and Properties of Organic Molecules

Localized and delocalized chemical bonding; concept of hybridization leading to bond

angles, bond lengths, bond energies and shape of organic molecules; dipole moment;

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inductive and field effects; resonance; aromaticity; tautomerism; hyperconjugation;

hydrogen bonding; acids and bases; factors affecting the strengths of acids and bases.

Stereochemistry

Introduction to Stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, geometrical isomerism, E/Z notations,

chirality, enantiomers and diasteromers, meso compounds, optical isomerism, optical

activity and specific rotation, absulote configuration and relative configuration, R/S

nomenclature, conformations and conformational analysis ethane, n-butane and cylo-

hexane.

Classes and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Classification of organic compounds; development of systematic nomenclature of organic

compounds; IUPAC nomenclature of hydrocarbons and heteroatom functional groups.

Recommended Books

1. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. and Wothers, P., “Organic Chemistry”,

Oxford University Press, New York.

2. Loudon, G. M., “Organic Chemistry”, Oxford University Press, New York

3. Sorrell, T. N., “Organic Chemistry”, Viva Books Private Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Finar, I. L., “Organic Chemistry”, Vol. 1, Pearson Education, Delhi.

5. Carey, F. A., “Organic Chemistry”, McGraw-Hill, New York.

6. Ahluwalia, V. K. and Goyal, M., “A Text Book of Organic Chemistry”, Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi

7. March, J., “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

8. Bansal, R. K., “Organic Reaction Mechanisms”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Company Ltd., New Delhi.

9. Pine, S. H., “Organic Chemistry”, National Book Foundation, Islamabad.

10. Bailey Jr., P. S. and Bailey, C. A., “Organic Chemistry-A Brief Survey of

Concepts and Applications”, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.

Organic Chemistry Practical Marks: 50

Credit Hours: 01

1. Laboratory Ethics and safety measures

2. Awareness about the toxic nature of chemicals and their handling, cleaning of

glassware, safe laboratory operations

3. Laboratory work illustrating topics covered in the lecture of Organic Chemistry

Paper I

Recommended Books

1. Clarke, H. T., “A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and Quantitative”,

CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.

2. Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., “Practical Organic Chemistry”, Longman,

London.

3. Vogel, A. I., “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3: Quantitative

Organic Analysis”, Longman, London.

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4. Vishnoi, N. K., “Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry”, Vikas Publishing

House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

5. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R., “Vogel’s

Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry”, National Book Foundation,

Islamabad.

6. Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C.,

“The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons,

New York.

7. Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K., “Vogel’s Text

Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, Pearson Education, New Delhi.

8. Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry”, Athlone

Press, London.

Course Title: Physical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM- 171


Kinetic Theory of Gases

Maxwell’s law of molecular velocities. Calculation of molecular velocities and binary

collisions. Maxwell-Boltzmann’s law of energy distribution. Method for the

determination of the Avogadro number (NA).

Chemical Thermodynamics

Relation of entropy and energy with equilibrium constant, and their dependence on

temperature. Clausius-Clapeyron’s equation. Chemical potential. Partial molar quantities.

Free energy change. Fugacity of gases.

Chemical Kinetics

Integrated rate laws: Third order reactions with same and different initial concentrations

of reactants. Effect of temperature on the reaction rate. Elementary and complex

reactions: opposing, parallel, consecutive bimolecular reactions and chain reactions.

Steady state approximation, Lindemann’s theory of unimolecular reactions. Bimolecular

collision theory, transition state theory.

Physical Chemistry Practical


1. Equilibrium constant of the 32 KIIKI

reaction.

2. Kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate.

3. Study of the adsorption isotherms of acetic acid-charcoal system.

4. Determination of activation energy for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl

acetate.

5. Determination of partial molar volumes.

6. Characterization of the given compound by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

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Books Recommended

1. Alberty, R. A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G. B. “Physical Chemistry”. 4th

ed, John

Wiley and Sons (2004).

2. Ball, D W., “Physical Chemistry” 1st

ed., Brooks/Cole Co. Inc. (2003).

3. Engel, Thomas and .Reid p., “Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, and

Kinetics” 1st

ed., Benjamin Cummings (2006).

4. James K. and Wothers, P., “Why Chemical Reactions Happen”. Oxford

University Press (2003).

5. Smith, E. Brain, “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” 5th

ed., Imperial College

Press (2004).

6. Stephen B. R., Rice S. A. and Roses J., “Physical Chemistry”2nd

ed., Oxford


7. Jurg W., “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” W. A. Banjamin (1969).

8. Chorkendorff, I. and Niemantsverdriet, J.W. “Concept of Modern Catalysis and

Kinetics” 1st

ed., John Wiley and Sons (2003).

9. Espenson, J. H. “Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism” 2nd

ed., McGraw

Hill (2002).

10. Berry R. S., Stuart A.R., and Roses J. “Physical and Chemical Kinetics” 2nd

ed.,

Oxford University Press (2000).

11. Helpern Arthur M., “Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook”

2nd

ed., Prentice Hall (1997).

12. Bassette J., Denney C., Jeffery G. H. and Mendham J. “Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis”

English Language Book Society. 4th

ed. (1978).

13. Daniel, F., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” McGraw Hill (1962).

14. Shoemaker, D., “Experimental Physical Chemistry” McGraw Hill (1989)

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M.SC, 1ST

YEAR – SEMESTER- II

Course Title: Analytical Chemistry Paper-II Code: CHEM- 211


Course Contents

Electrogravimetry, Voltammetry and Polarography, Solvent Extraction and

Chromatography, Spectrometry, Columetry, Amperometry, Electrophoresis, Basic

concepts of IR, UV-Visible, Mass Spectrometry with applications, Introduction to

Electron Resonance Spectroscopy and X-Rays Analysis.

Analytical Chemistry Practical Credit Hours: 01

1. To verify Beer’s Law and to evaluate molar extinction coefficient.

2. Spectrophotometric determination of Ammonia.

3. To determine Iron by spectroscopic method using phenanthroline.

4. To determine the distribution coefficient of a given solute between an

aqueous/non-aqueous system.

5. To determine Calcium by indirect volumetric method.

6. To determine Zinc by direct titration with EDTA.

7. Colometric determination of Iron(III) with Potassium thiocynate.

8. To separate and quantify Copper in Brass using constant-current electrolysis.

9. To estimate Lead amperometrically through titration with Potassium dichromate.

Books Recommended

1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.

2. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch,

Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinhote, New York.

3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis,

4. I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan

and Co. New York.

5. David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry.

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Course Title: Inorganic Chemistry Paper-II Code: CHEM- 251


Course contents

Acceptor Complexes

Mononuclear and polynuclear metal carbonyls: Calculation of valance electrons, the

eighteen electrons rule as applied to metal carbonyls, rationalization of molecular

structure, evaluation of structures based on spectroscopic evidences, chemistry of metal

carbonyls and their derivatives (nitrosyls, halides and hydrides)

Chemistry of f-Block Elements

Lanthanides: Electronic structure and position in the periodic table, Lanthanide’s

contraction, oxidation states, spectral and magnetic properties, general characteristics,

occurrence, extraction and general principles of separation, complexes and uses.

Actinides: Electronic structure and position in the periodic table, oxidation states,

general characteristics, half life and decay law.

Books recommended

1. J. E. Huheey., E.A. Keiter., and R.L. Keiter,., “Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of

Structure and Reactivity”, 4th Ed., Harper & Row, New York, 2001.

2. F.A. Cotton., G. Wilkinson., C.A.Murillo, and M. Bochmann.,“Advanced

Inorganic Chemistry”, 6th Ed., Wiley-Intersceince, New York, 1999.

3. N.N. Greenwood., and A Earnshaw. “Chemistry of the Elements”, 2nd Ed.,

Pergamon Press, New York, 1992.

4. W. Willium. Porterfield. Inorganic chemistry, Unified approach, Elsevier

Company, Delhi, (2005)

5. K.M. Mackay., R.A., Mackay., and W. Henderson,., “Introduction to Modern

Inorganic Chemistry”, 5th Edition, Stanley Thomas Publisher Ltd. 1996

6. J. Bassette., G.H Denney., and J. Mendham,. “Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative

Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis” English

Language Book Society, 4th

Edition, 1981.

7. A.I. Vogel. “A Textbook of Micro and Semi-micro Qualitative Inorganic

Analysis” Longman Green & Co. 1995.

Inorganic Practical


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1. Separation of cations and anions in a mixture by paper chromatography.

2. Redox Titration

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ba2+

and Fe3+

ions

Course Title: Organic Chemistry Paper- II Code: CHEM- 261


Course contents

Functional Chemistry: A brief introduction to the chemistry of hydrocarbons, alkyl,

halides, alcohol, phenols, ethers aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids and their

derivatives.

Reaction Mechanism: Introduction to reaction mechanism, methods of determination of

the reaction mechanism and comprehensive study on the mechanism of different types of

substitution addition and elimination reaction with emphasis on their determination.

Introductory organic Spectroscopy: introduction to UV, IR, 1HNMR and mass

spectrometric methods and their uses for the structure determination of simple organic

compounds.

Recommended Books

1 March, J., “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New

York.

2 Loudon, G. M., “Organic Chemistry”, Oxford University Press, New

York.

3 Brown, W. H., “Introduction to Organic Chemistry”, Saunders College

Publishing, Tokyo.

4 Sykes, P., “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry”,

Longman, London.

5 Pine, S. H., “Organic Chemistry”, National Book Foundation, Islamabad.

6 McMurry, J., “Organic Chemistry”, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company,

California.

7 Carey, F. A., “Organic Chemistry”, McGraw-Hill, New York.

8 Kalsi, P.S. “Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,

New Delhi.

9 Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S., “Introduction to

Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders

Golden Sunburst Series, London.

Organic Chemistry Practical


Laboratory work illustrating topics covered in the lecture of Organic Chemistry Paper II

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Recommended Books

1 Clarke, H. T., “A Handbook of Organic Analysis-Qualitative and

Quantitative”, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.

2 Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C., “Practical Organic Chemistry”,

Longman, London.

3 Vogel, A. I., “Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part 3:

Quantitative Organic Analysis”, Longman, London.

4 Vishnoi, N. K., “Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry”, Vikas

Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

5 Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R.,

“Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry”, National Book

Foundation, Islamabad.

6 Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson,

R. C., “The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds”, John

Wiley & Sons, New York.

7 Mendham, J., Denney, R. C., Barnes, J. D. and Thomas, M. J. K.,

“Vogel’s Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis”, Pearson

Education, New Delhi.

8 Beckett, A. H. and Stenlake, J. B., “Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry”,

Athlone Press, London.

9 Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. “Introduction to

Spectroscopy: A Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders

Golden Sunburst Series, London.

10 Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., “Spectrometric

Identification of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Course Title: Physical Chemistry Paper-II Code: CHEM- 271


Electrochemistry

An introduction to electrochemistry, Ohm’s law, conductance, molar conductance and

equivalent conductance, chemical reactions and redox potentials, electrochemical cells

and types of electrodes. Ionic activity and Debye Huckle theory, Nernst equation and its

applications.

Solution Chemistry

Solubility and Henry’s law, statistical thermodynamics of ideal solution and non ideal

solutions, colligative properties and lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling

point, depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure and their applications in

determination of molecular masses. Salt hydrolysis and determination of hydrolysis

constant (K).

PRACTICAL


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Spectroscopic determination of Cu % in the given sample. Conductometric determination

of Cu (II)- EDTA mole ratio in the complex. To determine the effectiveness of an

extraction of I2

solution by using Solvent Extraction method. Determination of molecular

weight of a polymer by viscosity method. Determination of percentage composition of

KMnO4/ K

2Cr

2O

7 in a given solution by spectrophotometry. Evaluation of pK

a value of

an indicator by spectrometric method. Conductometric determination of hydrolysis

constant (Kh) of conjugate base of a weak acid.

Recommended Books

1. Albert R.A., Robert J.S. and Moungi G.B. “Physical Chemistry”. 4th

ed., John


2. Ball D.W. “Physical Chemistry” 1st


3. Bassetts J., Denney C., Jeffery G.H. and Mendham J. “Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Inorganic Analysis Including Elementary Instrumental Analysis”

English Language Book Society. 4th

ed. (1978).

4. Hatch R.C. “Experimental Chemistry” van Nostrand Reinhold Company (1972).

5. Halpern, Arthur M. “Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook”

2nd


20

M.SC, 2ND

YEAR – SEMESTER- III

Course Title: Environmental Chemistry Paper-1 Code: CHEM-

Credit Hours: 02+01 Marks: 100

The atmosphere and air pollution:

Structure and properties of the atmosphere, temperature inversion and air pollution,

atmosphere photochemistry, possible depletion of stratospheric ozone, natural vs polluted

air, particulate matter, analysis and control of particulations, sulphur oxides, effects of

sulphur dioxides and particulates, other industrial air pollutants, carbon monoxide, oxides

of nitrogen photochemicals smog, airborne load, control of automobile emissions.

Water and water treatment:

Unique physical and chemical properties of water, criteria of water quality, natural water-

eutrophiction, detergents and phosphates, importance of micro organisms in water

purification, primary and secondary treatment of water, advanced waste water treatment,

removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, sources of industrial water pollution, heavy metals

and mercury.

The green revolution:

Pest control, pesticides, toxicity of pesticides, pest management.

Books Recommended:

1. Anil Kumar, Environmental chemistry, Wiley Eastern, New DelhiJ. W. Moore &

E. 2). A. Moore, Environmental chemistry, Academic Press, New York.

2. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Prentice Hall, Delhi.

3. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Tata Publisher, Delhi.

4. Staneley E. Manahan, Environmental chemistry, Brooks, California

SPECIALIZATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Title of Course: Elementary Analytical Chemistry Paper-I Code: CHEM-311


Course Contents

The task of statistics in chemical analysis: Theory of sampling, source of variation and

error, Presentation of results and rounding off the data. Confidence limit for the mean and

standard deviation, comparison of standard deviations, inference from the tests, fitting

lines to data, correlation and regression.

Precipitation

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Solubility and solubility product. Effects of salt, solvents, hydration, hydrolysis, pH

changes, beginnings surface exchange, adsorption etc, on precipitates. Determination of

error in gravimetric analysis, thermogravimetric methods for testing of thermal stability.

Complexation

Chelate formation; competing reactions in complexation. The computation of stability

constant from various experimental data. The use of complexes in analytical chemistry as

reagents. Masking agents. Indicators and metal ion buffers. Complexometric titrations.

Books Recommended

1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York.


Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinholt, New York.

3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co.

New York.


and Co. New York.

5. J.G. Dick, Analytical Chemistry, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.

6. David Harvey, Modern Analytical Chemistry.

Title of Course: Chromatographic Techniques Paper-II Code: CHEM-312


Course Contents

Chromatography

Adsorption and distribution laws applied to chromatography, the displacement, frontal

method of analysis and elution techniques: Column, paper and thin-layer

chromatography, suitable systems for analysis of some simple organic substances,

reversed phase chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography.

Gas chromatography

GSC and GLC parameters governing gas phase separation, simple instrumentation for

gas chromatography, suitable systems for analysis high temperature programmed

analysis.

Introduction to HPLC

Books Recommended

1. Gary D. Christian, Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons.


Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Reinholt, New York.

3. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Chemical Analysis, McGraw Hill Book Co.

New York.

22


and Co. New York.

Course Title: Spectroscopy and Advanced Instrumentation Paper-III Code:

CHEM- 313


Course Contents

Ultraviolet, visible spectroscopy; Molecular absorption of radiation, effect of structure on

absorption, quantitative absorption spectroscopy, application,

Instrumentation

Various sources of light. Types of prime and gratings. Monochromators and their

efficiency. The construction and optics of typical spectrograph. The use of a

spectrophotometer in the analysis of one component or multicomponent systems, source

of error and optimum conditions.

Atomic spectroscopy

Atomic absorption spectrophotometers and atomic fluorescence spectrometer.Flame

photometry. Mass spectrometry, basic principles, instrumentation and applications.

Books Recommended

1. Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co.

New York.

2. Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, Allyn and Bacon

Inc. New York.

3. Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New

York.

4. F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B,

London.

5. Willard, Meritte and Dean, Instrumental Analysis, D. Van Nostrand, New York.

6. Bernhard Wetz, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Verlay Chemie, New York.

Course Title: Advanced Analytical Chemistry Paper-IV Code: CHEM-314


Course Contents

DTA and TGA Basic principles, instrumentation and applications, thermal analysis and

calorimetry. Automation in analytical chemistry: Instrumental parameters for automated

instrument, automated process and instruments in process control and clinical laboratory.

Preparation of sample for the analysis.

Books Recommended


New York.

23

2. Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and

Sons.


York.


and Co. New York.


London.

Advance Analytical Chemistry Lab/Research. Credit Hours: 03

Marks:100

24

SPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY BIO-CHEMISTRY

Course Title: Biochemistry Paper -II Code: CHEM- 331


Biochemistry-1

Brief introduction to the history and scope of biochemistry.

Physical aspects of biochemistry

Water, ionization of water, pH, Acid-base reactions, Buffers.

Biomolecules-Carbohydrates

General introduction, Nomenclature, Classification, Structural and Dynamic functions,

Physical and Chemical properties. Nomenclature, Classification, and Structural

configuration of monosaccharides. Isomerism, Mutarotation, recemic mixture and inter

conversion of monomers. Ring structure (pyran and furan). Fischer’s formula and

Haworth projection formula. Nomenclature, Classification, and Structural configuration

of oligosaccharides, Glycosidic linkage. Classification and Structural configuration of

polysaccharides.Chemistry and Biomedical Functions of Glycoprotein.

Proteins

Classification and properties of Amino acids. Overview of protein structure: Primary,

Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structures. Protein denaturation and folding. Proteins

classification, properties, functions and their biological role.

Lipids

Classification, Fatty acids and their properties. Biological significance of glycerides.

Phospholipids, non-phospholipids and steroids.

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to DNA, RNA. Nucleosides and Nucleotides, Purines and Pyrimidines.

Enzymes

Chemical nature, Nomenclature and Classification. Enzyme activity. Effect of different

factors on enzyme activity. How enzymes work? Regulation of enzyme activity.

Metabolism Pathways

Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid Cycle, Gluconeogenesis.

Books Recommended

1. Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry (1998) by John F. Robyt. Springer verlag

25

2. Text book of Biochemistry (2008) by S.P. Singh. CBS Publishers

3. Text book of Biochemistry (2007) by K. Rambabu.

4. Fundamentals of Biochemistry (2008) 3rd Ed. by D. J. Voet, G.J. Voet and C. W. Pratt.

J. Wiley & Sons Inc.

5. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (2008) 5th Ed. D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H.

Freeman Publishers.

6. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by J. I. Jain. (2008) S. Chand & Co. India


Prentice Hall.

8. Text book of Biochemistry & Human Biology (2006) 3rd Ed. by G.P. Talwar & L.M.

Srivastava. Prentice Hall India.

9. Text book of Biochemistry 3rd edition (2009) by Satyanarayana.

10. Biochemistry 3rd Ed. (1999) by C. K. Mathews, K. E.van Holde and K.G. Ahern.

Prentice Hall

Course Title: Biochemistry Paper- III Code: CHEM- 332


Molecular biology

Gene theory, Gene, Allele, Structure of DNA, Chromosome, DNA replication,

Transcription, Translation and post translational modification. DNA repair,

Recombination, Gene expression and regulation, Genotype and Phenotype, Mutation and

Types of mutation, DNA Sequencing.

Books Recommended

1. Molecular Cell Biology (2007) 6th Edition H.Lodish, C.A. Kaiser, M.Krieger. M.P.

Scott, A Bretscher, H Ploegh, & P. Matsudaira, W.H. Freeman

2. Biochemistry 6th edition by J.M. Berg, J.L.Tymoczko & L. Stryer (2007) W.H.

Freeman & Co.

3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H.

Freeman Publishers

26

4. Modern Genetic Analysis: Integrating Genes and Genomes (2002) 2nd Edition by A.

J. F. Griffiths, J.H.Miller, D.T.Suzuki, R. C. Lewontin and W. M. Gelbart W. H.

Freeman.

Course Title: Biochemistry Paper: IV Code: CHEM- 333


Physical techniques in Biochemistry

Homogenization, Centrifugation, Ultra centrifugation, Paper and TLC, and Column

chromatography, Gel Chromatography, Gel filtration, Ion exchange chromatography,

Affinity chromatography, HPLC, Electrophoresis, Flame photometry, Atomic absorption

Spectrophotometry, Spectrofluorimetry, UV/visible spectrophotometry. Extraction,

Purification of Macromolecules, Purification based on differential solubility,

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Two Dimensional electrophoresis, Radioactivity

Techniques and its application in Biological System, Biochemical Techniques, Cloning,

RFLP, Sequencing, Northern and Southern Blotting, Hybridisation, PCR, Recombinant

DNA Technology.

Books Recommended

1. Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Moleculart Biology (1982)

by David Freifelder,W. H. Freeeman

2. Introduction to Modern liquid chromatography (1979) by L.L.Snyder & J.J Kirkland.

John Wiley & Sons

3. Tools of Biochemistry (1977) T. G. Cooper & T. C. Cooper John Wiley & Sons

Centrifugation.

4. A practical approach. (1987) Ed. D. Rickwood, Oxford: IRL press England.

5. Varley’s Pratical Clinical Biochemistry (1991) 5th Edition byA.H. Gowenlock and M

Bell. CBS Publishers & Distributors.

6. Hawk's Physiological chemistry Mc Graw-Hill publishing company

7. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (1999) by C.A. Burtis, Ashwood & N.W. Tietz

(Eds) W. B. Saunders Co.

8. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 6th Edition. Edited

by K. Wilson & J. Walker.

27

Course Title: Biochemistry Paper- V Code: CHEM- 334


Molecular genetics

Mendelian and Non-Mendelian genetics, Patterns of Inheritance, Mutational Analysis,

Recombination and Genetic Mapping, Linkage Analysis, Chromatin and Chromosome,

Mitosis and Meiosis, Interaction of genes, Chromosomal basis of heredity, Sex

chromosome and Sex determination, Chromosomal aberrations, Gene mutations, Genetic

code.

Books Recommended

1. Strickberger, M. W. Genetics. The MacMillan Company.

2. Pai, A.C. and H. Marcus-Roberts. 1981. Genetics Its Concepts and Implications.

3. Goodenough, U. 1978. Genetics.

4. Ayala, F.J. and Kiger, Jr. 1980. Modern Genetics.

Advanced Biochemistry laboratory/Research thesis


1. Qualitative Analysis of carbohydrates of given unknown samples.

2. Extraction of starch from plant sources & its confirmative tests (Sources: Potato,

Wheat, Rice, Pulses, Barely, Maize etc)

3. Extraction of Glycogen from animal sources & its confirmative tests. (Sources: Liver

& Muscles etc)

4. Extraction of total Lipids from plant seeds (by iodometric flask method).

(Sources: Sunflower seed, Cotton seed, Corn seed, Coconut, Neem Seed, sesame).

5. Extraction of Lipids from animal sources. Sources: Egg yolk & Animal tissues).

6. Qualitative tests of proteins & amino acids:

Biuret Test, Niuhydrin Test, Xanthoproteic Test, Pauly’s Test, Hoplein’s Test,

Ehrich’s Test, Sakaguchi Test, Sodium nitroprusside Test, Sullivan Test, Load sulphate

Test, Phosphate Test, Aldehyde Test

7. Extraction of proteins from plant sources & their confirmative tests

(Sources: Wheat, Rice Barely, Maize, Pulses etc)

28

8. Extraction of proteins from animal sources & their confirmative tests. (Sources: Egg

White, Milk, Liver, Muscles etc)

9. Isolation of DNA from tissues

10. Extraction of plasmid DNA

11. Separation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis

12. Determination of melting temperature of DNA

13. Mineral analysis of plant tissues using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

14. Determination of sodium and potassium content in blood serum by flamephotometer,

Gel chromatography and ion exchange chromatography.

15. Determination of molecular weight of a given protein by gel filtration.

16. Separation of Hb and serum proteins by electrophoresis

Books Recommended



(2000).


4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, , McGraw Hill Book Co.,

New York (1986).




29

SPECIALIZATION IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Course Title: Chromatographic Methods of Analysis Paper-III, Code: CHEM- 351


Course contents

Paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, Theory and applications. Gas

chromatography, basic principles, instrumentation and applications. High pressure liquid

chromatography, partition chromatography, adsorption chromatography, liquid solid

chromatography and Ion Exchange chromatography. Basic principles instrumentation and

applications.

Recommended Books

1. Skoog. Holler. Nieman. Principles of instrumental analysis, fifth edition,

Thomson Learning Academic.

2. M.H. Willard, L.L. Merrite, Jr.J.A. Dean, instrumental metods of analysis, Van

Nostrand. New York.

3. H.G. Gsssidy, fundamental chromatography, inters science publications, New

York.

Course Title: Nuclear Chemistry Paper-IV Code: CHEM-352


Course contents

Nuclear Reactions

Nature of nuclear reactions, nuclear reaction mechanism, Nuclear cross sections,

excitation functions, types of nuclear reactions, fission and fusion reactions and

photonuclear reactions,

Radioactivity decay, detection and interaction of radiations

Half life and average life of radioactive species, types of radioactive equilibrium, units of

radioactivity. Radioactive decay series, Determination of half lives, radiation detection

and measurements, Geiger mullar counters, scintillation counters. Interaction of radiation

with matter. Determination of alpha and beta particles range.

Books Recommended

1. G. F. Friellander, J. W. Kennedy, and J. M. Miller, Nuclear and Radiochemistry,

John Wiley and Sons, New York

2. Kaplan Traving, Nuclear Physics, Pak Publishers, Karachi.

3. Glasstone Samuel, Source book on atomic energy, von Nostrand, New York.

4. W. M. Gibbson, Nuclear reactions, Penguin books Inc., New York.

5. J. M. Reid, The atomic nuclear reactions, Penguin books Inc., New York.

6. Chopman and Ryedberg, Nuclear chemistry, Prentice Hall, New York.

30

Course Title: Bio Inorganic Chemistry Paper-V Code: CHEM-353


Course contents

Biochemistry of selenium, Bio Chemistry of Organo selenium Compounds, Antioxidant

Activity of Organoselenium Compounds, Toxicology of Organoselenium Compounds;

The biochemistry of iron, Iron storage and transfer in bacteria, ion transport,

haemoglobin and myoglobin, nature of haemo-dioxygen , Model systems, cyto chromes,

P/450 enzymes, iron sulphur protein , ferrodoxins, haemoerthrins, the biochemistry of Zn,

Cu. Co, Mg, F2, I2 and Alkaline earth metals.

Books Recommended

1. F.A. Cotton, and S.W, Advanced inorganic chemistry, John Wiley and sons, New

York.

2. F. Basolo and R. Johnson, Mechanism of inorganic reactions, John Wiley and

sons, New York.

3. F. Basalo and R. Johnson, Coordination chemistry, W.A. Benjamen , Row

Publishers, New York.

4. J. E. Huheey, Inorganic Harper and Row Publisher, New York.

5. D. Jonson, Mechanism of inorganic reaction in solutions, McGraw-Hill, London.

6. Nicolaou, K. C.; Petasi, N. A. Selenium in Natural Products Synthesis; CIS:

Philadelphia, PA, 1984.

7. Paulmier, C. SeleniumReagents and Intermediates in Organic Synthesis;

Pergamon: Oxford, U.K., 1986.

8. Patai, S.; Rappoport, Z. The Chemistry of Organic Selenium and Tellurium

Compounds;Wiley: New York, 1986; Vol. 1.

Course Title:Spectroscopic Methods of analysis-Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 354


Course contents

General introduction to spectroscopy

Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Origin of spectra, excitation methods spectrographs

and its qualitative and quantitative applications.

UV/ Visible spectroscopy

Basic instrumentation of U.V/visible spectrophotometers, Spectra of transition metal

complexes, applications of the principles related to electronic transition. Structural

evidence from electronic spectra

Emission spectroscopy

Atomic emission spectroscopy, qualitative and quantitative applications in inorganic

chemistry.

31

Books Recommended

1. C.N.Banwale, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, New

York.



3. M.H.willard, L.L.Merrite, J.J A.Dean, instrumental methods of analysis, Van

Nostrand, New York.

4. R.D. Braun, introduction to instrumental analysis. Mc. graw-Hill, new york, 1987.

Advance Inorganic chemistry laboratory

Advance inorganic laboratory/research Credit Hours = 03

32

SPECIALIZATION COURSES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Course Title: Chemistry of Hetrocycles Paper- III Code: CHEM- 351

Credit Hours: 03 Marks = 100

Course contents

Introduction, significance and applications. Nomenclature of hetrocyclic compounds

according to IUPAC, Hantzsch-Widmann-Pettersen system and SMILES. Geometry and

Stereochemistry of heterocyclic compounds

Saturated, Unsaturated and Aromatic Hetrocycles, aromaticity, Tautomerism in small to

large ring hetrocycles. Chemistry of Furan, Thiophene and pyrrole; synthesis of indole

and isoindoles; chemistry of pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline; occurrence of

hetrocyclic compounds.

Photochemistry

Woodward and Hofmann rule: Introduction, excitation and the excited state.

Intramolecular reactions of the olefinic bond, carbonyl group, and cycloaddition reaction.

Generalized woodward and Hofmann rules for concerted reactions.

Recommended Books

1. 1R. K. Bansal, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, 4th

ed., New Age international. Pvt. Ltd.,

India (2005).

2. T. Eicher and s. Hauptmann, The Chemistry of Hetrocycles,George Thieme

Verlag, New York(1995).

3. J. A. Joule, K. Mills, G.F. Smith, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, Stanely Thomes

Publication Ltd.; (1998).

4. R. H. Acheson, An introduction to Chemistry of Hetrocycles, John Wiley, New

York (1987).

5. M. Samisburg, Hetrocyclic Chemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry (2001)

6. H. Charles, Deputy and S. Orville, Chapman, Molecular reaction and

photochemistry. Prentice Hall. New York.

Course Title Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry Paper- IV, Code:

CHEM- 352


Course Contents

Introduction Fundamental of spectroscopy. UV-Visible Spectroscopy: Introduction,

theory, Instrumentation and sample handling. Infra Red Spectroscopy: Introduction,

theory, Instrumentation and sample handling. Mass Spectroscopy: Introduction, theory,

Instrumentation and sample handling. Applications: Structure elucidation of simple

organic molecules by UV, IR and MS.

Books Recommended

33

1. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G.M. and Kriz, G.S., Introduction to spectroscopy: a

Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry, Thomson Learning, Australia (2001).

2. Silverstein, R. M. Webster F.X. and Kiemle, D.J. Spectrometeric Identification of

Organic Compounds, John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA (2005).

3. Brown, D.W., Floyed, A.J. and Sainsury, M. Organic spectroscopy, 1. Wiley and

Sons, Chichester (1998).

4. Willians, D. H. and Fleming, I. Spectroscopic methods in organic Chemistry, 4th

ed., McGraw-Hill Book. Co., Lodon (1987).

5. Younas, M. Organic Spectroscopy, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore (2004).

6. Kalsi, P.S. “Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New

Delhi.

7. Lambert, J. B, Shurvell, H. F., Lightner, D. A. and Cooks, R. G., “Introduction to

Organic Spectroscopy”, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.

8. Williams D. H. and Fleming, I., “Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry”,

Athlone Press, London.

9. Atta-ur-Rehman, “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy”, UGC, Islamabad.

10. Davis, R. and Freason, M., “Mass Spectrometry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

34

Course Title: Stereochemistry Paper- V Code: CHEM- 353


Course contents

Introduction History and Significance. Static Stereochemistry: Structure and Symmetry,

configurations and conformations, methods for determination of relative and absolute

configuration, stereochemical nomenclature. Types of Chirlity: Central, Axial and planar

chiral compounds , atropisomerism, molecular overcrowding and cyclostereisomereism.

Dynamic stereochemistry; steereochemical reactions, stereoselectivity and

stereospeciticity, prostereoisomerism and prochirility. Analytical methods: determination

of enantiomers and distereomers composition using chiroptical, chromatographic and

NMR spectroscopic methods. Resolution: Diasteroisomers formation , Chiral

derivatization agents (CDAs), Chiral resolving agents (CRAs), chromatographic kinetic,

mechanical and enzymetic resolutions, preferential crystallization.

Book Recommended

1. Eliel, E. L.; Wilen, S. H Doyle, M.P. and Michael, P. Basic Organic

Stereochemistry, Willey Inter Science, New York (2003).

2. Kalsi, P. S. Sterochemistry and mechanism through Solved problems, new age

international publishers, New Delhi, India (2001).

3. Mislow, K. Introduction to stereochemistry, W.A. Benjamin, New York (1966).

4. Morris, D.G. Stereochemistry, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. (2001).

5. M. North. Principles and application of stereochemistry, Stanely Thornes:

Cheltenham, UK (1998).

6. Morrison, R. T. and Boyd, R. N., “Organic Chemistry”, Prentice-Hall of India,

New Delhi.

35

Course Title: Organic synthesis Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 354


Course contents

Oxidations/Reduction Reactions, an introduction to carbon-carbon bond synthesis,

Reactive intermediates, Pericyclic reactions.

Books Recommended

1. March, J. Advanced Organic chemistry: Reaction, Mechanism and Structure, 5th

ed., John Wiley, New York (2007).

2. Caruthers, W. Some modern methods of organic Synthesis, 3rd

ed., Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge (1986).

3. Aansari, F.L., Quershi R. and Quershi, M.L. Electrocyclic Reactions, John Wiley

and Sons (1999).

4. Norman, R.O.C. Principles of Organic Synthesis, 3rd

ed., Chapman and Hall,

London (1993).

5. Carey, F. A. and Sundberg, R. J., “Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A: Structure

and Mechanisms”, Kluwer Academic /Plenum Publishers, New York.

6. Sykes, P., “A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry”, Longman,

London.

7. McMurry, J., “Organic Chemistry”, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company,

California.

8. Solomons, T. W. G. and Fryhle, C. B., “Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons,

New York.

Advance Organic Chemistry Laboratory/Research Thesis


Multistep synthesis of different types organic compounds, purification and identification

of synthesized compounds by physical and chemical methods.

Books Recommended


CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi.


London.







Islamabad.

36



New York.




Press, London.

9. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. “Introduction to Spectroscopy: A

Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders Golden Sunburst Series,

London.

10. Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., “Spectrometric Identification

of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.


Delhi.

12. Palleros, D. R., “Experimental Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New

York.

37

SPECIALIZATION IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Course Title: Statistical Thermodynamics Paper-III Code: CHEM- 371


Permutation and probability, Partition functions. The relationship of partition function to

the various thermodynamic functions like translational energy, vibrational energy,

rotational energy, entropy, heat, enthalpy, pressure, Gibbs free energy, Entropy of mixing

of gases, heat capacity etc. Transitional, vibrational and rotational partitional functions

and equilibrium constant.

Books Recommended

1. Gasser R.P.H. and Richards W.G. “Entropy and Energy Levels” Oxford


2. Wayatt P.A.H. “The Molecular Basis of Entropy and Chemical Equilibrium”

Royal Institute of Chemistry London (1971).

3. Smith E.B. “Basic Chemical Thermodynamics” 4th

ed. Oxford University

Press(1990).

4. Seddon J.M. and Gale J.D. “Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics” Royal

Soc Chem, UK (2002).

5. Aston J.G. and Fritz J.J. “Thermodynamics and Statistical Thermodynamics”

John-Wiley, New York (1987).

Course Title: Polymer Chemistry Paper-IV Code: CHEM- 372


Introduction to Polymers. Step-growth Polymerizations. Polymer chain growth. Kinetics

of polymer chain growth. Copolymerization. Emulsion Polymerization. Natural and

Inorganic Polymers. Physical Aspects of polymers. Molecular Weight of Polymers:

Distribution, averages, and methods of determination. Viscosity. Osmometry. Light

scattering method. Diffusion, sedimentation. Optical rotation method. Structure of

Polymer Chain: Introduction to chain isomerism, stereochemistry, configurations, and

conformations. (not in Hiemenz). Amorphous State of Polymers: In depth examination of

polymer conformation, microstructure, and dynamics in the amorphous state. Polymer

viscoelasticity: Stress relaxation, mechanical models of polymer behavior, time-

temperature superposition, perhaps rheology. Crystalline State of Polymers:

crystallization and kinetics, crystalline structures, experimental methods. Polymer

Solutions and Blends:

Recommended Books

1. Hiemenz P.C. “Polymer Chemistry: The Basic Concepts” Marcel Dekker (1984).

38

2. Stevens M.P. “Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction” Oxford University Press

(1999).

1. Allcock H.R. and Lampe F.W. “Contemporary Polymer Chemistry” Prentice-Hall

(1990).

3. Rudin “The Element of Polymer Science and Engineering” Academic Press

(1990).

4. Sperling L.H. “Introduction to Physical Polymer Science” Wiley Interscience

(1992).

5. Boyd R.H. and Phillips P.J. “The Science of Polymer Molecules” Cambridge

(1993).

6. Malcolm P.S. “Polymer Chemistry” Oxford University Press (2005).

7. Ravue, “Principles of Polymer Chemistry” 2nd

ed. Plenum Publishers (2000).

Course Title: Quantum Chemistry Paper-V Code: CHEM- 373


Limitation of classical mechanics, wave and particle nature of matter, de-Broglie’s

equation, Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle, concept of quantization of energy,

Operators and their properties. Types of operators, Hemaltonian operator, Hermition

operator, Angular momentum. Postulates of quantum chemistry, Eigen function and

Eigen values, general wave equation, Schrödinger wave equation (Time dependent +

Time independent). Particle in one dimensional box, three dimensional box, hydrogen

atom and harmonic oscillator, comparision between general wave equation and

Schrödinger wave equation, Central field problem. Approximate methods. Perturbation

methods. Many electron systems. Treatment of simple harmonic oscillator, diatomic rigid

rotor. Valence bond and molecular orbital theories. Pi-electron calculations.

Books Recommended

1. Micheal D.F. “Elements of Quantum Mechanics” Oxford University Press (2005).

2. Griffiths, David J., “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics” 2nd


3. Hayward, David O., “Quantum Mechanics for Chemists” 1st

ed., John Wiley (2003).

4. House, James E., “Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics” 2nd

ed., Elsevier-Academic

Press (2003).

Course Title: Photochemistry Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 374


39

Scope of photochemistry. Energy transfer in photochemical reaction. Quantum yield of

emission process radiation and nonradiation process. Kinetics and Quantum yields of

radiative and nonradiative process (fluorescence, phosphorescence, inter system crossing,

internal conversion , quenching), and Stern-Volmer reactions. Photosensitized reactions.

Photochemical reaction in gas phase and in solutions. Flash photolysis. Advance

approach to kinetics of photochemical reactions. Applied photochemistry. Atmospheric

photochemistry. Photosynthesis, photochemistry of polymers, photomedicines.

Techniques in photochemistry, introduction, light source. Incandescent filament lamps,

discharge lamps, lasers, synchrotron reaction.

Books Recommended

1. Calvert J.G. and Pitts J.N. “Photochemistry” John Wiley, New York (1966).

2. Suppan P. “Principles of Photochemistry”, the Chemical Soc., UK (1973).


ed., John Wiley

and Sons (2004).



Advanced Physical Laboratory


Specific experiments may be set making use of the following instruments depending

upon their availability. Special experiments may also be designed for which a specimen

list of instruments is given below. For the innovative designing of experiments the

Journal of Chemical Education may be consulted.

Instruments:

PH-meter , Conductivity meter ,Dipole meters, Electrogravimetric apparatus,UV/Visible

spectrometer

Infrared spectrophotometer, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer,Stopped flow

spectrometers

Gas Chromatography, HPLC ,Light Scattering Instruments

Practical

Determination of partial molar quantities.

Determination of free energy changes, standard free energies.

Verification of Kohlrausch law.

Study of temperature dependence of electrode potentials.

40

Determination of heat of solution, ionic reactions and other experiments from

thermochemistry.

Determination of molecular weight of a polymer by viscosity method.

Precipitation value of electrolytes.

Measurement of IR spectra of simple compound and their interpretation.

Measurement of cyclic voltammogram of an organic compound and its interpretation.

Determination of dipole moment of an organic liquid.

Determination of percentage composition of KMnO4-K

2Cr

2O

7 in given solution by

spectrometry.

Evaluation of pKa value an indicator by spectrometric method.

Synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles and their characterization using IR and XRD

techniques.

Books Recommended

1. Braun R.D. and Walters F. “Application of Chemical Analysis” (1982).

2. David P. “Experiments in Physical Chemistry” 5th

ed. (1989).

3. James A.M. and Prichard F.E. “Practical Physical Chemistry” 3rd

ed. Longman (1974).

4). Shoemaker D.P., Garland C.W. and Nibler J.W. “Experiments in Physical Chemistry”

McGraw Hills, New York (1989).

41

M.SC, 2ND

YEAR, SEMESTER-IV (FINAL SEMESTER)

Course Title: Environmental Chemistry Paper-I1 Code: CHEM-


Fossil fuels and energy sources

Origin and development of coal: Origin and reserves of petroleum and natural gas,

composition and classification of petroleum, refining, and environmental problems

associated with petroleum, nuclear fission reactors, solar energy, power synthesis, tidal

and geothermal energy, synthetic chemical fuels, the H economy, electrochemical energy

conversion, conservation of free energy, the energy balance of the earth.

Soils and mineral resources

Estimating reserves of mineral resources of earth, extraction of metal-general principles,

iron, steel, aluminium, copper and other metals, sulphur and nitrogen. Organic matter in

soil, soil nutrients, ion exchange in soils, solid pH and nutrients availability.

Books Recommended

1. Anil Kumar, Environmental chemistry, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi J. W. Moore &

E. 2). A. Moore, Environmental chemistry, Academic Press, New York.

2. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Prentice Hall, Delhi.

3. S. K. Banerji, Environmental chemistry, Tata Publisher, Delhi.

4. Staneley E. Manahan, Environmental chemistry, Brooks, California.

42

SPECIALIZATION ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SEMESTER- IV

Course Title: Advanced Analytical Chemistry Paper-VI Code: CHEM- 411


Course Contents

1. DTA and TGA: Basic principles, instrumentation and applications, thermal

analysis and calorimetry.

2. Automation in analytical chemistry: Instrumental parameters for automated

instrument, automated process and instruments in process control and clinical

laboratory.

3. Preparation of sample for the analysis.

Books Recommended


New York.

2. Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and

Sons.


York.


and Co. New York.


London.

Course Title: Electro-Analytical Techniques Paper-VII Code: CHEM-412


Course Contents

1. Electrode Phenomenon: The electrochemical cell. Oxidation and reductions

potentiometric methods, various types of electrodes and their use, over potentials

membrane potentials, some well known redox reactions of analytical importance,

ion selective electrodes, direct potentiometric measurement, potentiometric

titration.

2. Voltammetry: Principal of voltammetry, Instrumentation, different modes of

polarography. Application of the inorganic and organic analysis, Principles of

stripling voltammetry, types of stripling voltammetry and application analysis of

cation and anions.

3. Introduction to Coulometry and Amperometry.

4. Electrophoresis; Basic theory, instrumentation and applications

5. Radiochemical methods: Neutron activation analysis, isotopic dilution method,

radiometric methods, application

Books Recommended

Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co.

New York.

Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and

Sons.

Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New

York.

43

I.M. Kolthoff, Sandell, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Macmillan

and Co. New York.

Course Title: Spectroscopy and Advanced Instrumentation Paper-VIII

,Code:CHEM-413


Course Contents:

Principles of molecular fluorescence, instrumentation, analytical parameters and

analytical applications. Principles of flame photometry, instrumentation, application of

flame photometry and interferences. Principles of atomic fluorescence, instrumentation,

analytical parameters and analytical application. NMR Spectroscopy, principles and

interpretation of spectra. Introduction to X-Rays spectroscopy

Books Recommended

Robert D. Braun, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis McGraw Hill Book Co.

New York.

Gary D. Christian, James E. O’Reilly, Instrumental Analysis, John Wiley and

Sons.

Douglas A. Skoog, Stanley R. Crouch, Instrumental Analysis, Reinholt, New

York.

F.W. Fifield and D. Kealy, Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry I.T.B,

London.

Willard, Meritte and Dean, Instrumental Analysis, D. Van Nostrand, New York.

Advanced Instrumental Chemistry Practical/Research Project Credit Hours: 03

Marks: 100

44

SPECIALIZATION IN BIOCHEMISTRY

Course Title: Cell Biology Paper-VI Code:CHEM- 431


Course Content

Cell theory; Structure and chemical composition of cell, Introduction to Prokaryotes and

Eukaryotes,

Cell organelles

Lysosome, Micro-bodies, Mitochondrial structure and the conservation of chemical

energy, Chloroplast structure, Plasma membrane, Cell wall, Mechanism of

photosynthesis, Separation of cell organelles, Functions of cell organelles.

Membrane transport

The concept of the unit membrane, Fluid mosaic model, Surface receptors and membrane

mediated control.. Active and Passive transport, Actin filaments, Microtubules,

Intermediate filaments.

Cell movements

Structure and function of cytoskeleton, Centriole, Cilia and Flagella, Mitotic apparatus.

Cell surface and cell communication,

Cell adhesion and junctions, Signal transduction and receptor functions, Cell membrane

receptors.

Cell division

Eukaryotic cell cycle, Mitosis and meiosis. Apoptosis and Necrosis.

Books Recommended

1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, (2008) 5th Editon .B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M.

Raff, K. Roberts & P. Walter Garland Sciences.

2. Molecular Cell Biology (2000) 4th Edition. H. Lodish, A. Berk, L. Zipursky, P.

Matsudaira, D. Baltimore & J. Darnell. W.H. Freeman.

3. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments (2008) by G. Karp John Wiley

& Sons.

Course Title: Immunology Paper-VII Code: CHEM- 432

45


Introduction

Historical background, general concepts of the immune system. Innate and adaptive

immunity; Inflammation - general properties.Structure, properties and functions of the

immune cells & organs Hematopoeisis, T and B-lymphocytes, NK cells; Monocytes and

macrophages; Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.Mast cells and dendritic cells.

Thymus and Bone marrow; Lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, GALT and CALT.

Antigens and haptens

Properties (foreignness, molecular size, heterogeneity). B and T cell epitopes. T-

dependent and T- independent antigens.

Antibodies

Structure, function and properties of the antibodies; Different classes and biological

activities of antibodies; Antibody as B cell receptor, antigenic determinants on

antibodies (isotype, allotype and idiotype). Genesis of antibody variability (definitions of

combinatorial joining, junctional flexibility, somatic hypermutation, class switching,

allelic exclusion, immunoglobulin superfamily). Hybridoma technology, monoclonal

antibodies and abzymes, Introduction to antibody engineering (definitions of chimeric

and hybrid monoclonal antibodies).Major histocompatibility gene complex

Organization of MHC. Structure and cellular distribution of HLA antigens.

Complement system

Components of the complement activation - classical, alternative and lectin pathways.

Biological consequence of complement activation and names of complement

deficiencies.An overview of maturation and activation of B and T cells B-cell maturation

in bone marrow, humoral immune response, primary and secondary immune response,

generation of plasma and memory B cells. T cell maturation in thymus, thymic selection,

self MHC restriction of T cells, T cell receptor complex, T cell activation, co-stimulatory

signals, clonal expansion, generation of effector and memory T cells. Antigen presenting

cells, antigen processing and presentation pathway (cytosolic and endocytic).

Cell mediated immunity

Cell types (CTLs, NK cells, macrophages and TDTH cells), effector mechanisms and

effector molecules of cell mediated reactions. Assessment of cell-mediated

cytotoxicity. Cytokine properties and functions of IL-1 to IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN- γ.

Regulation and modulation of immune response A general account. Adjuvants, tolerance,

immunopotentiation and immunosuppression Immunological principles of various

reactions and techniques. Affinity and avidity, cross reactivity, precipitation,

agglutination, immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA (indirect, sandwich,

46

competitive, chemiluminescence, ELISPOT assay), western blotting,

immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and fluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy.

Hypersensitivity

Types and mechanism of hypersensitive reactions.

Autoimmunity

Mechanisms of induction of organ specific (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune

anemias, Goodpasture’s syndrome, IDDM), and systemic (SLE, multiple sclerosis and

rheumatoid arthritis) autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic approach

Transplantation immunology

Types of grafts, immunologic basis of graft rejection, properties and types of

rejection, tissue typing, immunosuppressive therapy and transplants to

immunologically privileged sites.

Immunity and tumors

Types of tumors, tumor antigens (TSTA and TAA), immune response to tumors.

Tumor evasion of the immune system. Immunotherapy for tumors.

Immunodeficiency disorders

Animal models of primary immunodeficiency (nude mouse and SCID mouse).

Specific impaired functions in lymphoid lineage (SCID, Waldanstorm

agamaglobulinemia, DiGeorge syndrome, common variable immunodeficiency),

myeloid lineage (CGD, congenital neutropenia, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome and

leucocyte adhesion deficiency).

Books Recommended

1. Medical Immunology 10th Editon by T.G. Parslow, D.P.Stites, A.I. Terr &

J.B.Imboden.Lange.

2. Immunology,6th Editon. by I. Riott, J. Brostoff, & D. Male. Publisher: C. V. Mosby.

3. Kuby Immunology,(2006) 6th Edition by T. J. Kindt, B. Osborne & R.A.Goldsby,

W.H.Freeman

4. Principles of Microbiolgy,(1995) by R.M. Atlas

47

5. Advance Molecular Biology (1999) by W.Wisden & R. M. Twyman.

Course Title: Enzymology Paper- VIII Code: CHEM- 433


Nomenclature, Effect of various factors on rate of reaction, Riboenzyme, General

characteristics of enzymes.

Classification of enzymes

Oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases

Enzyme catalysis

Covalent catalysis, Acid base catalysis, Substrate specificity, Isozymes, Coenzymes,

Cofactors, Enzyme activity, Regulation of enzyme activity, Proximity and orientation.

Enzyme kinetics

Lineweaver-Burk Plots, Michaelis-Menten equation, Multienzyme system, Bisubstrate

reactions, Catalytic mechanisms, Regulatory enzymes, Immobilised enzyme, Enzyme

activity.

Enzyme Inhibition

Enzyme inhibitors, Types of inhibition, Feedback inhibition, Allosteric inhibition

Books Recommended

1. Biochemistry (2007) 6th edition by J.M. Berg, J.L. Tymoczko & L. Stryer W.H.

Freeman & Co.

2. Fundamentals of Biochemistry (2008) 3rd Ed. by D. J. Voet, G.J. Voet and C. W.

Pratt. J. Wiley & Sons Inc.

3. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Ed. by D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox. W. H.

Freeman Publishers


Prentice Hall.

5. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 27th Ed. By R.K. Murray, D.K. Grannar, V.W.

Rodwell. McGraw Hill.

6. Modern Experimental Biochemistry (1993) by R.F. Boyer. Benjamin-Cummings pub.

48

Co.

7. Varley’s Pratical Clinical Biochemistry (1991) 5th Edition byA.H. Gowenlock and M.

Bell. CBS Publishers & Distributors.

8. Text Book of Biochemistry (1971) by B. Harrow and A. Mazur W.B.Saunders

Company.

Course Title: Molecular Evolution Paper- IX Code: CHEM- 434


Introduction to Evolution, Systematics, Patterns of Evolution, Macroevolution: Fossils

Microevolution: Natural Selection, Species and Speciation, Conflict and Cooperation

Evolution and Society

Books Recommended

1. Ayala, F.J. and Kiger, Jr. 1980. Modern Genetics.

2. Page, R. and E. Holmes. 1998. Molecular evolution: a phylogenetic approach.

Blackwell, London.

3. Yang Z.2006. Computational Molecular Evolution. Oxford University Press,

Oxford, England.

4. Graur, D. and W. H. Li 2000.Fundamentals of molecular evolution. 2nd

Edition,

Sinauer Associates, Massachussetts.

5. Li, W. H. 1997. Molecular Evolution. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts.

6. Nei, M and S. Kumar.2000. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

7. Gillespie, J. H. 1998. Population genetics:a concise guide.John Hopkins

University Press, Baltimore.

Course Title: Advanced Biochemistry Lab/Research Project


1. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

2. Study of cell structure using compound microscope and elucidation of ultra-structure

from electron microphotographs.

3. Cell structure in the staminal hair of Tradescantia.

49

4. Cellular reproduction, mitosis: smear/squash preparation of onion roots/cheek cells.

5. Extraction and estimation of enzymes from plant source. Acid and enzymatic

hydrolysis of glycogen and starch

6. Biosynthesis of enzymes by fungi and bacteria.

7. Effect of Temperature, Substrate concentration and Enzyme concentration on enzyme

activity.

8. Analysis of normal and abnormal constituents in urine

9. Analysis of organic and inorganic constituents of blood

10. Estimation of different vitamins

11. Separation of subcellular fractions in cells

12. Enzymes: Purification and kinetic studies of invertase,lactic dehydrogenase, and

peroxidase

13. Electrophoresis of plasma proteins, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Agarose

electrophoresis of DNA.

14. Cultivation of microorganisms in laboratory using solid and liquid culture media, test

tube, Petri plates

Books Recommended



(2000).


4. Plummer, D. T., Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, McGraw Hill Book Co.,

New York (1986).




7. Gowenlock, A. H., Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry, 6th

ed., Heinemann

Professional Publishing, Oxford (1988).

8. T. N. Pattabiraman. Laboratory Manual in biochemistry. India Publishers (1988).

50

9. Gosling, J. P. Immunoassay: laboratory Analysis and Clinical application (1994).

10. Sauhney, Introductory Practical Biochemistry (1998).

51

SPECIALIZATION IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Course Title: Advanced Spectroscopic Methods of analysis-Paper- VII Code:

CHEM- 451


Course contents

Infra red spectroscopy: Basic instrumentation and Applications to the

determination of structure of inorganic compounds.

Raman spectroscopy: Basic instrumentation and Applications.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Basic principles and instrumentation

and applications to structure determination.

Books Recommended

1. C. N. Banwale, Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, New

York.



3. M. H. willard, L. L. Merrite, J.J A.Dean, instrumental methods of analysis, Van

Nostrand, New York.

Course Title: Inorganic Reaction mechanism Paper- VIII,Code: CHEM-45

Credit Hours : 03 Marks: 100

Course contents

Ligand replacement reactions

D, ID, Ia and A mechanisms, activation parameter, order and rates of reaction, formation

of complexes from equations, acid and base hydrolysis, displacement reaction in square

complexes , trans effect, substitution reactions and mechanism of substitution in

tetrahedral complexes.

Electron transfer processes

“Outer sphere” reactions, ligand bridge (inner sphere) reactions, two electron transfer and

redox reactions.

Theories of Acid-Base

Acid-Base and Donor-Acceptor Chemistry: Acid and Base Strength; Hard and Soft.

Acids and Bases;

Books Recommended

52

1. F.A. Cotton, and S.W, Advanced inorganic chemistry, John Wiley and sons, New

York.

2. F.Basolo and R. Johnson, Mechanism of inorganic reactions, John Wiley and

sons, New York.

3. F.Basalo and R. Johnson, Coordination chemistry, W.A. Benjamen , Row

Publishers, New York.

4. J.E. Huheey, Inorganic Harper and Row Publisher, New York.

5. D.Jonson, Mechanism of inorganic reaction in solutions, McGraw-Hill, London.

Course Title: Elementary group theory Paper- IX Code: CHEM-453


Course contents

Symmetry elements and symmetry operations, point groups, properties of groups,

matrices, transformation of matrices, character tables and their applications in

hybridization, IR and Raman spectroscopy.

Books recommended

1. Cotton F.A. “Chemical Applications of Groups Theory” Interscience Publishers

(1963).

2. Lowell Hall H. “Group Theory and Symmetry in Chemistry” McGraw Hill Book

Company (1969).

3. Vincent A. “Molecular symmetry and Group Theory”, John Wiley &sons,

London, (1977)

Course Title: Organometallics and Catalysis Paper- X Code: CHEM-454


Course contents

Definition and classification of organometallic compounds, sigma bonded organometallic

compounds (Metal alkyls and Grignard reagents). Synthesis, properties and nature of

bonding in pi complexes such as η2-η

7. Catalysis, Types of catalysis, Organic synthesis

via transition metal complexes (Hydroformylation, olefin hydrogenation, polymerization

of ethene and oxidation of ethene to acetaldehyde).

Books Recommended

1. M. Bochmann. Organometallic-1. Oxford University press (1994).

2. M. Bochmann. Organometallic-2. Oxford University press (1994).

3. A. Yamamoto. Organotransition metal chemistry. John wiley & sons, USA

(1986).

4. P. Pawell. Principles of organometallic chemistry. 2nd

edition, Chapman and Hall,

New York (1988).

53

Advance Inorganic Laboratory/ Research Project

Credit Hours = 03 Marks : 100

SPECIALIZATION COURSES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Organic Chemistry Semester- IV

Course Title: Natural Product Chemistry Paper -VII Code: CHEM- 461


Course contents

Introduction to Natural Product: Primary and Secondary Metabolite and drug discoveries

from Natural Products,

Alkaloids

Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation;

discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of ephedrine, nicotine

quinine, and morphine.

Terpenoids

Introduction; classification; isolation; general methods for structure elucidation;

discussion with particular reference to structure and synthesis of citral, α-terpineol, α-

pinene and camphor.

Steroids

Introduction; nomenclature and stereochemistry of steroids; structure determination of

cholesterol and bile acids; introduction to steroidal hormones with particular reference to

adrenal cortical hormones.

Books Recommended

1 Clayden, J., Greeves, N. Warren, S. and Worthers, P. Organic Chemistry, Oxford

University (2001).

2 Mann, J., Davidson, R.S., Hobbs, J.B., Banthrope, D.V. and. Harborne, J.B,

Natural Products, Longman Group Ltd., U.K.(1994).

3 Nakanishi, K. ,Goto, T., Ioto, S. Natori, S. Nozone, S. et.al., Natural Products,

Vol. 1, Academic Press Inc, New York (1974).

4 Finar, I. L., Organic Chemistry, Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural

Products, Vol. 2, Pearson Education, Delhi (1975).

5 Shoppee, C. W., “Chemistry of the Steroids”, Butterworths, London.

6 Hesse, M., “Alkaloid Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

54

7 Fieser, L. F. and Fieser, M., “Steroids”, Asia Publishing House, London.

Course Title: Retro Chemistry Paper -VIII Code: CHEM- 462


Course Contents

Introduction to retrosynthesis: concepts of synthons and retrosynthetic approach synthesis

and uses: alkyl halides, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ethers, aromatic compounds, carbonyl

and nitrogen compounds. Bond formations; C-C, C-N, and C-O bond formation.

Difuctionalised compounds, 1,2; 1,3; 1,4; and 1,6 cyclizations, simple intramolecular

reactions such as aldol, claisen condensation an robinson annulations reaction leading to

cyclic structures. Application of the concepts to target molecules.

Books Recommended

1. Waren, S., “Organic Synthesis-The Disconnection Approach”, John Wiley &

Sons, New York (1992).

2. Norman, R.O.C. and. Coxon, J.M Principles of organic synthesis, Blackie

Academic and Professional, London (1993).

3. Clayden, J. Greeves, N. Warren S. and Worthers, P. Organic Chemistry, Oxford

University (2001).

4. Willis, C. and Willis, M., Organic Synthesis, Oxford Science press (1995).

5. Smith, M. B., “Organic Synthesis”, McGraw-Hill, New York.

6. Waren, S., “Workbook for Organic Synthesis-The Disconnection Approach”,

John Wiley & Sons, New York.

7. Loudon, G. M., “Organic Chemistry”, Oxford University Press, New York.

Course Title: Name Organic Reactions Paper IX Code: CHEM- 463


Course Contents

Name Organic Reactions: Recent developments, mechanistic, stereochemical aspects and

synthetic applications of various Name reactions: Aldol Condensation, Diels-alder

reaction, Michael Addition, Robinson annulations, Knoevenagal Condensation, Clasien

Condensation, Dickmann Condensation, Mannich Reaction, Wittig reaction, Peterson

reaction, Heck Reaction, Friedal-Craft reaction, Favorski rearrangement, Husdiecker

reaction and fischer indole synthesis, pinacole Rearrangement, Birgmann,s

cyclisation,Birch reduction,

Recommended Books

1. Mundy, B.P. Ellerd, M.G. Favalozo F.G. and Favalozo, Jr. Name Reactions and

Reagents in Organic Synthesis, john Wiley, New York (2005).

55

2. Smith, M. B. and Marks, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanism

and Structure, 5th

ed., John Wiley, New York (2001).

3. R.O.S. Norman, Principles of organic synthesis, 3rd

ed., Chapman-Hall, London

(1993).

4. Gilchrist, T.L. and Rees, C. W., “Carbenes, Nitrenes and Arynes’ Nelson,

London.

5. Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren, S. and Wothers, P., “Organic Chemistry”,

Oxford University press New York.

6. Sykes, P.,“A guide book to Mechanism in organic Chemistry” longmann,

London.

7. Carry, F. A. and Sundberg, R.J., “ Advanced Organic Chemistry” Part A:”

Structure and Mechanisms” oxford university press.

8. Bruchner, R., Advance Organic Chemistry-Reaction Mechanism” Harcourt

Science and Technology company, New York.

Course Title: Interpretive Spectroscopy Paper- X Code: CHEM- 464


Course Contents

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: introduction, theory, instrumentation and sample handling.

Chemical shifts in H-and C-NMR, factors affecting chemical shifts, chemical shifts

equivalence and magnetic equivalence. Spin coupling: spin couplings and factors

affecting spin couplings, first order spin systems. Double resonance experiments:

selective spin decoupling. NOE difference spectra, H BB decoupled and DEPT spectra.

Applications: shift reagents, dynamic NMR, structure elucidation of organic compounds

by joint applications of UV, IR, NMR and MS.

Recommended Books

1. Hesse, M. Meier H. and Zeeh, B. Spectroscopic methods in organic Chemistry,

Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany (1997).

2. Pavia, D.L. Lampan G. M. and Kirz, G.S., Introduction to spectroscopy,

Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, USAS (2001).

3. Silverstein, R.M. Webster, F.X. and Kiemle, Spectroscopic identification of

organic compounds, John Wiley and Sons Inc., USA (2005).

4. Harwood, L.M. and. Claridge, T.D.W introduction to Organic spectroscopy,

Oxford University Press Inc., New York (1997).

5. Friebolin, H., Basic one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy, 4th

ed., Wiley

VCH, New York (2005).

6. Macomber, R.S., NMR Spectroscopy: Basic Principles and Applications,

Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, San Diego (1998).

7. Younas, M., Organic Spectroscopy,Ilmi kitab Khana, Lahore (2001).

8. Breitmaier, E., Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic chemistry: a Practical

Guide, John Wiley, West Suessex (2002).

56

Course Title: Advance Organic Chemistry Laboratory/ Research Project

Course Code: Practical/ Research


Course Contents

Synthesis and characterization of some commercially important polymers, isolation,

purification and identification of natural products, synthesis of some pharmaceutically

important hetrocyclic compounds.

Recommended Books


CBS Publishers & Distributors , New Delhi.


London.







Islamabad.



New York.




Press, London.

9. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. “Introduction to Spectroscopy: A

Guide for Students of Organic Chemistry”, Saunders Golden Sunburst Series,

London.

10. Silverstein, R. N., Barrler, G. C. and Morrill, T. C., “Spectrometric Identification

of Organic Compounds”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.


Delhi.

12. Palleros, D. R., “Experimental Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New

York.

13. Keese, R, Muller, R. K. and Toube, T. P., “Fundamentals of Preparative Organic

Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

14. Gurtu, J. N. and Kapoor, R., “Advanced Experimental Chemistry”, S. Chand &

Company Ltd., New Delhi.

15. Newman, M. S., “An Advanced Organic Laboratory Course”, Macmillan, New

York.

57

16. Zubrick, J. W., “The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual: A Student’s Guide to

Techniques”, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

SPECIALIZATION IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Course Title: Chemical Kinetics Paper-VII, Code: CHEM- 471


Derivation of the rate equations. Theory of absolute reaction rate. Reversible reactions,

parallel reactions and consecutive reactions. Correlation between physical properties and

concentration. Comparison of collision and absolute reaction theories. Advanced theories

of unimolecular reactions. Potential energy surfaces. Thermodynamic formulation of

reaction rates. Calculation of entropy and enthalpy changes. Thermal decomposition of

nitrogen pentaoxide.

Recommended Books

1. Albery J., Electrode Kinetics, Clarendon, Oxford (1975).

1. Espenson, J. H. Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism 2nd

ed., McGraw Hill

London (2002).

2. Espenson J.H. “Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms” 2nd

ed. McGraw

Hill, New York (1995).

3. Frost A.A. and Pearson R.G. “Kinetic and Mechanism” 2nd

ed. John Wiley and

Sons Inc, New York (1961).

4. Laidler K.J. “Chemical Kinetics” 3rd

ed. Pearson Education Company, New York

(1987).

5. Laidler L.J. “Reaction Kinetic VII, II Reaction in Solution” Pergamon Press, New

York (1963).

Course Title: Molecular Spectroscopy Paper-VIII , Code: CHEM- 472


Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Symmetry properties of molecules.

Microwave and infrared spectroscopy. Rotational, vibrational and rotational-vibrational

spectra of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Electronic spectra of simple molecules.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy.

Books Recommended

1. Whiffen D. H. “Spectroscopy” Longmans Green and Co.: London, (1966).

2. Barrow G. “Molecular Spectroscopy” McGraw Hill (1962).

58

1. Becker E. D. “High Resolution NMR; Theory & Chemical Application”, New

York, Academic Press (1980).

3. Graybal J.D. “Molecular Spectroscopy”, New York, McGraw-Hill (1988).

Course Title: Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Paper - IX , Code: CHEM- 473


Adsorption, types of adsorption, adsorption isotherm, Langmuir, Freundlich, B.E.T

adsorption isotherm, application of B.E.T adsorption isotherm,Gas adsorption isotherm or

Henry equation, Surface active and surface inactive substances, Solid surfaces. Gas solid

interface. Thermodynamics of adsorption. Heterogeneous catalysis. Kinetic and

mechanisms of catalyzed reactions. Adsorption at liquid surfaces. Enzymatic catalysis.

Organized molecular assemblies. Colloidal solutions. Catalyst preparation methods.

Industrial catalysts.

Books Recommended

1. Segal H. “Enzyme Kinetics” John Wiley New York (1975).

2. Schlutz A.R. “Enzyme Kinetics” (1964) Cambridge University Press England.

Course Title: Nuclear Chemistry Paper-X Code: CHEM- 474


Course Contents

Radioactivity, elemental particles, isotopes, isobars, isotones,

transmutation and artificial radioactivity, Bohar,s theory of nuclear reaction,

classification of nuclear reactions, nuclear reactions vs chemicals reactions, mass defect

and binding energy, nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, Q.value of nuclear reaction.

Atomic nucleus, nuclides, nuclear stability, nuclear energetic, nuclear models (shell +

liquid drop model), non-spontaneous nuclear processes, nuclear reactors, beta decay

systematic, nuclear spins. Atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, uses of radioisotopes in

reaction mechanism, in diagnosis of diseases, in industry, in agriculture. Determination of

the age of the earth by rock dating method, determination of the age of recent objects by

radioactive carbon dating method.

Books Recommended


ed., John




59

3. Vertes A. “Basics of Nuclear Science” Kluwer Academic Publisher London

(2003).

4. Friedlander G. and Kennedy J.W. “Nuclear and Radiochemistry” 3rd

ed., Wiley,

New York (1981).

Advanced Physical Lab/Research Project


Study of multistep reactions.

Sugar analysis and inversion studies by polarimetry.

Study of isotherms and experiments of surface chemistry.

Kinetics of fading of phenolphthalein in alkaline solution.

Study of the effect of pH on the rate constant of the reaction between iodide and

persulphate ions.

Study of the salt effect on the rate constant of the reaction between similar

charges of ions.

Kinetics of autocatalytic reaction between permanganate and oxalate ions.

Determination of energy of activation of the reaction between similar chargers of

ions.

Kinetics of the reaction between methyl orange and peroxodisulphate ions in

presence of bromide ions.

Stoichiometry of a complex in solution by Job’s method.

Books Recommended

1. Braun R.D. and Walters F. “Application of Chemical Analysis” (1982).

2. David P. “Experiments in Physical Chemistry” 5th

ed. (1989).

1. 3). Shoemaker C.W., Nibler G.J.W. and Christian G.D. “Analytical Chemistry”

6th

ed. (2004).

3. James A.M. and Prichard F.E. “Practical Physical Chemistry” 3rd

ed. Longman

(1974).

4. Mowry S. and Ogren P.J., J. Chemical Education, 76(7) (1999).

2. 6). Shoemaker D.P., Garland C.W. and Nibler J.W. “Experiments in Physical

Chemistry” McGraw Hills, New York (1989).

60

Documents

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ABDUL WALI KHAN · PDF fileABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY, MARDAN, PALOSA CAMPUS CHARSADDA ... for the given set weak acids by potentiometric method. ... Principle