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ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY
MARDAN
SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR M.A SOCIOLOGY
(2 YEARS PROGRAMME)
FOR THE SESSION 2010/ONWARDS
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY
ABDUL WALI KHAN UNIVERSITY, MARDAN
2
INTRODUCTION TO M.A IN SOCIOLOGY PROGRAMME:-
The M.A in Sociology is taught at the newly established department of sociology at
Palosa Campus of Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan. The department of sociology through
its Master degree program provides a very strong academic foundation to students who intends
to pursue higher degree of PhD, as well as, to students who intend to further and enhances their
career‟s prospects in the non-profit, or NGOs, community development and social welfare
sectors.
The M.A in sociology will not only educate students in basic sociological concepts,
sociological debates and trends in sociology as well as major social issues and social problems
but will also train them in sociological analysis, sociological imagination, social explanation.
In addition, by getting M.A degree in sociology the student would get training in social
research methodology and will be equipped in using different research methods and tools.
In general the student will have knowledge about the nature of different sociological
explanations, their possibilities and methodological implications. Rationality and its limits,
with regard to both individual agents and institutions. The interrelationships between
description and explanation; theory and empirical data; macro- and micro-levels of analysis; as
they emerge from areas of major sociological enquiry.
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE:
The Programme is offered only full-time and on regular basis with a total of 19
modules, including 6 Core or Major modules/subjects and compulsory field work and
dissertation. The degree is of two years duration minimum and a total of 4 semesters. Only
those student will be eligible to do dissertation who have achieved at least 3 CGPA at the end
second semester. Those students who do dissertation will get a degree with the title of “M.A in
Sociology (with dissertation)” and the student who did not complete dissertation will get a
degree with the title of “M.A in Sociology (Course Work Only/Taught). Below is the list of
both major and other subjects and modules:
Core/Majors Modules/Subjects: Other Subjects/Modules:
Principles of Sociology Social Psychology
Sociological Theory Environmental Sociology
Social Research Methods Social Institutions
Social Change and Development Rural Sociology
Community Development Disaster Management
Gender and Development Criminology
Social Demography Sociology of Pakhtun Society and Culture
Social Statistics and SPSS
Sociology of Information and Communication
Technologies
Project Management
Field work and,
Dissertation.
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AIMS/OBJECTIVES/LEARNING OUTCOMES:
In nutshell, at the end of this degree, the sociology graduates should have knowledge
of:
1. The key concepts, debates, and trends in sociology.
2. The major sociological paradigms and theories.
3. The variety of methods used in sociological research.
Sociology graduates will be able to:
A. Show evidence of the development of a sociological imagination by applying
sociological knowledge in their own projects-whether intellectual, personal, and/or
political.
B. Exhibit confidence in expressing ideas orally and in writing.
4
SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR MA SOCIOLOGY PROGRAME:
Course
code
Title of Courses Marks Credit hours
SOC 401 Principles of Sociology 100 04
SOC 402 Community Development 100 04
SOC 410 Social Demography 100 03
SOC 419 Social Psychology 100 03
SOC 405 Social Institutions 100 03
Total 17
Semester -II
Course
code
Title of Courses Marks Credit hours
SOC 403 Sociological Theories 100 04
SOC 406 Sociology of Pakhtun society and
culture
100 03
SOC 408 Social Change and Development 100 04
SOC 409 Environmental Sociology 100 03
SOC 416 Social Problems of Pakistani Society 100 03
Total 17
Semester –III
Course
Code
Title of Courses Marks Credit Hours
SOC 412 Rural Sociology 100 03
SOC 411 Disaster Management 100 03
SOC 414 Criminology 100 03
SOC 415 Social Research Methods 100 04
SOC 422 Field Work 100 04
Total 17
Semester -IV
Course
Code
Title of Courses Marks Credit Hours
SOC 433 Gender and Development 100 04
SOC 429 Project Management 100 03
SOC 418 Sociology of Information &
Communication Technologies (ICTs).
100 03
SOC 421 Social Statistics and SPSS 100 03
SOC 440 Dissertation 200 06
Total 19
Grand Total Credit Hours 70
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COURSE TITLE: PRINCIPLES OF SOCIOLOGY
COURSE CODE: SOC 401
CREDIT HOURS: 4
Course Aims and Objective: The course is designed to introduce the students with sociological concepts and the discipline.
The focus of the course shall be on major concepts like social systems and structures, socio-
economic changes and social processes. The course will provide due foundation for further
studies in the field of sociology.
Course Outline
1. Introduction
Definition, Scope, and Subject Matter
Sociological imagination
Nature of Sociology
Historical background of Sociology
Importance of studying sociology
2. Perspectives in Sociology
Structural Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Symbolic Interactionist perspective
Global perspective
3. Culture
Definition, aspects and characteristics of Culture
Material and non material culture/culture and civilization
Ideal and real culture
Elements of culture
Norms and social sanctions
Cultural Relativism
Sub Cultures
Ethnocentrism and Xenocentrism
Cultural change and related concepts
4. Socialization & Personality
Socialization, Agencies of Socialization
Self
Personality, Factors in Personality Formation
Theories of socialization and personality development
Role & Status
5. Social Processes
Social interaction and forms of social interaction
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Cooperation
Competition
Conflict
Assimilation and acculturation
Accommodation
6. Social Groups
Definition
Types of social groups
In and out groups
Primary and Secondary group
Reference groups
Bureaucracy
Pressure groups
7. Social Inequality and Social Stratification
Social Class
Caste
Gender
Race
Social Mobility and types of social mobility
Income inequality
Recommended Books:
1. Ballantine, Jeanne H. and Roberts, Keith A. (Condensed Version) 2010. Our Social World.
California: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publication.
2. Brown, Ken 2004. Sociology. United Kingdom: Polity Press
3. Brym, Robert J. and Lie, John. Sociology: Your compass for a new world (Brief Edition) 2007
Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.
4. Colander, David C. and Hunt, Elgin F. (Thirteenth Edition) (2010) Social Sciences: An
introduction to the study of Society. India: Pearson Education/Dorling Dindersley.
5. Gidden, Anthony 2002. Introduction to Sociology. UK: Polity Press.
6. Rao, C. N. Shankar (2008) „Sociology: Principles of Sociology with an Introduction to Social
Throughts‟ New Delhi: S. Chand & Company.
7. James M. Henslin. (2004). Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach. Toronto: Allen and Bacon.
8. Macionis, John J. (2006). 10th
Edition Sociology New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
9. Montuschi, Eleonora. (2006). The Objects of Social Sciences New York: Continuum.
10. Hortun, Paul B. and Hunt, Chester L. 1984. Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill
7
COURSE TITLE: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
COURSE CODE: SOC 402
CREDIT HOURS: 4
Aims and Objectives:
The course aims at acquainting the students with the basic concepts of community
development, approaches, strategies and theories. The emphasis will be placed on
community mobilization and organization. The course will also cover the participatory
development and different models of community development.
Contents:
1. Introduction:
Definition and explanation of terms “Community” and “Development”
Community development- definition and explanation
Aims and objectives of community development
Basic Principles, Approaches and Techniques of community development
Social organization, its process and barriers
Community Capacity Building
Impacts of Capacity Building on Communities.
2. Community Participation:
Meaning of Participation
Role of Participation in development process
Types of participation
Various participatory approaches
RARA Participatory Appreciative Planning Approach
RRA- Rapid Rural Appraisal
PAR-Participatory Action Research
PRA- Participatory Research Action
PRA-Participatory Rural Appraisal
Tools and Techniques:
Review of secondary data
Semi Structured Interviews (a. Probing, B. Interview Protocol)
Diagrams
Direct Observation
Ranking and qualification method-wealth ranking
Preference/problem ranking e.g., Pair Ranking
Photographs and games
Dimension of PRA
PRA as a participatory alternative in development and research
PRA as a set of principles
PRA as a set of data gathering and awareness raising tool
PRA as a method of participatory project management
PRA for addressing specific issues
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PRA as work in progress
PRA as family of approaches
3. Community Development in Practice
Community Development Programs in Pakistan
History of Community Development before Partition of the Sub-continent- Camilla
Project
Community Development with Reference to Village-AID Program, Rural Works
program, People‟s Work Program, Social Action program, Khushal Pakistan Program,
Rural Support Program.
Community Development Programs in Underdeveloped Countries of Asia and Africa:
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, Thailand, Egypt and Philippines.
4. Social Mobilization
Meaning
Getting prepared
Getting started
Organizing the community into action
Sustaining the Intervention
5. Attitude, Knowledge and Skills for effective Community Development
Attitude
Knowledge
Skills
Communication, Facilitation and Team-Building Skills
Research, Planning and Evaluation Skills
Problem Solving and Conflict Resolution Skills
Management Skills
Organizational Design and Development Skills
Building on Skills and Responding
6. Development through NGOs.
Salient features of NGOS
NGOS‟ historical background in Pakistan
Role and importance of NGOS
Charges on NGOS
Policy alternatives for check and balance
Recommended Books:
1. Burkey, S. 1996 People first- a guide to self reliant participatory rural
development. Zed Books.
2. Cooke, B. and Kothari, U (Eds) 2002 Participation: The New Tyranny? Zed
Books: London
9
3. Cooke, B. 2003 „A New continuity with colonial administration: Participation in
development management‟, Third World Quarterly 24:1, 47-61.
4. Frank, Flo and Smith, Anne 1999 „The Community Development Handbook‟
[Available at http://www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/community]
5. IFAD 2001 „Enhancing Ownership and Sustainability‟.
6. R Chambers 1997 „Whose reality counts‟. ITDG.
7. Twelvetrees, Alan. 2008. Community Work. Palgrave: New York.
8. Zari, Rafiq Dr. 2009 „Community Development: Concepts and Practice‟
Peshawar: University of Peshawar.
Classical and renowned Books:
1. Edwards, M. and Hulme, D. (eds.), (1992), Making a Difference: NGOs and
development in a Changing world. London: Earthscan Publication.
2. Chambers, R. 2007 „Ideas for development‟ IDS working paper 238:
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COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY
COURSE CODE: SOC 410
CREDIT HOURSE: 3
Aims and Objectives: The course is designed to help the students to understand that sociology has a significant
responsibility to contribute to population planning activities. It is further to help the students to
recognize that the problem of population planning require entire professional activity or
approach.
To impart knowledge of demography and its methods to student to equip them to contribute
fully to the goal of population control and development of nation.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction to Social Demography
Introduction
History of social demography
Importance of studying social demography
2. Sources of Demographic Data:
Populaiton census
History of population census
Meaning and Definition of Census
Procedure of Census
De facto population and de jure population
Census Errors- Coverage error, Content error
History of viatal events
Importance of statistics
Combining the census and vital statistics
Sample Surveys
Dual Report System
2. Basic Demographic Methods
Measures of population structure, pyramid, age and sex ratio dependency ratio,
distributive measures
Measure of population change: natural increase rate, standardization of rates and net
reproduction rate and migration rate
3. Demographic Processes, Concepts and Terms.
Demographic concepts: Birth Rate, Death Rate and Fertility Rate.
The composition of population: Age, Sex, Urban Rural Economic conditions, Education,
Race Ethnicity, Religion, and Marriage.
Mortality
Defining health and mortality transition
Health and mortality over time (Roman to the Twentieth Century)
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World War 2nd
as a modern turning point
Postponing death by preventing and curing diseases
Diseases and death over the life cycle
Age differentials in mortality
Sex and gender differentials
Causes of poor health and death
Measuring mortality
Fertility
Some concepts of fertility
Fertility, Fecundity, Natural fertility, Controlled fertility, Theoretical maximum fertility, Still
birth, Reproductive wastage, Abortions, Sterilization, Adolescent sterility, Post-partum
sterility, Primary and secondary sterility, Complete abstinence, Birth order, Parity.
Causes of high birth rate in our society
Causes of decreasing fertility
How can the fertility be decreased or controlled?
Measures of fertility
Migration and Urbanization
Definition, types, causes and consequences of migration
Definition, factors, measures and causes of urbanization.
4. Principles of Population Dynamics.
Factors effecting population trends and the demographic transition.
Political factors involved in population Dynamics including public policy Programme.
Immigration and migration as influences in population dynamics.
Predictions and projections for future population.
5. Theories of Population:
Early thinking on population
Prescriptions of great religions
Malthusian Theory
Neo-Malthusian Theory
Demographic Transition Theory by Frank W. Notestein
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1.Alam, Anwar. 2006. „Demography: Population Explosion and Control‟. Peshawar: Saif
Printing Press.
2. Domency, Paul and McNicoll, Geoffrey (Edited) 2003. „Dncyclopedia of Population‟.
USA: Gale.
3.Pandey, G. S. 2010. Introduction to Social Demography. New Delhi: Swastick.
4.Seth, Padma. 2009. Infant Mortality and Maternal Mortality, New York, Gyan
Publishing House.
5.Sinha, B.R.K. 2009. Population, Environment and Development: A Global Challenge for
the 21st Century. New Delhi: New Century Publications.
12
6. Weeks, John R. 2008 „Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues‟. Belmont:
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
13
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
COURSE CODE: SOC 419
CREDIT HOURSE: 3
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
The course aims at familiarizing the students with the historical emergence, concepts,
methods and theories of social psychology. It also focuses on highlighting the impact of
culture on the personality development. The course would enable the students to
conceptualize the dynamics and structure of social self.
CONTENTS:
1. Introduction
Introduction and Meaning of social psychology
Scope/Subject Matter of social psychology
Historical background of social psychology
Relationship between sociology and social psychology
Methods of social psychology.
2. Social relationship
Prejudice
Aggression
Attraction
Stereotyping and Discrimination.
Conflict
Emotions
3. Psychological explanation of Human Behaviour
Introduction to human behaviour
Psycho-Analytic theory
Social Learning theory
Cognitive or information process theory
Evolutionary theory
Behaviourism
4. Cognition, Perception and Attitude
Attitude
Components of attitude
Characteristics of attitude
Formation of attitude
Attitude Change.
Introduction to cognition and perception
Person perception and object perception
Non verbal mediators person perception
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Accuracy of person perception
5. Personality and Environment
Individual and environment
Individual motivation
Effect of environment on personality
Socializations
Personality
Measurement
Recommended Book:
1. Baren, Robert A, Byrne, Donn and Branscobe, Nyla R. 2006 (11th
Ed). Social
Psychology, New Delhi: Pearson.
2. Baren, Robert. 2008. Social Psychology, New Delhi: Pearson.
3. Parkash, Dr. Dev. 2010. Social Psychology, New Delhi: Lotus Press.
4. Winnicott, D. W. 2006. The Family and Individual Development. New York, Rutledge.
5. Zastrow, Charles and Kirst-Ashman, Karen K. Understanding Human Behaviour and
the Social Environment. Belmont: Thomson Higher Education.
6.
15
COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
COURSE CODE: SOC 405
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Aims and Objectives:
The purpose of this course is to acquaint students with the structure and function of society as
well as social institutions, social structure and its influence on human behavior and how it
shape social reality. How social institutions maintains it selves and how it change.
Contents:
1. Definition and description of “Social Institutions”.
Features/Characteristics of social institutions
Functionalist and conflict views on social institutions
Classification of social institutions
Functions
The importance of social institutions
The development of social institutions
The interconnections and inter-relationship between institutions.
2. Types of Social Institutions.
Primary social institutions
Secondary social institutions
3. Family and Marriage
Introduction
Definition of family and marriage
Difference between family and marriage
General structure and functions of family and marriage
Marriage patterns
Residential patterns
Patterns of descent
Patterns of authority
Theoretical analysis of family
4. Economy and Work
Introduction and definition of family institution
Historical overview
Three major revolution which reshapes and give birth to modern economy- Agricultural
Revolution Industrial Revolution and the Information Revolution.
General structure and functions of economy
Sectors of the economy-Primary, Secondary, Tertiary sectors
Various Economic Systems-Capitalism, Socialism, Welfare and State-capitalism,
Work in the Post-industrial economy
Professions
New information technology and work
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The debate of Market vs. State
Multinational companies and Third World Countries
5. Religion
Introduction and definition
Structure and Functions
Theoretical analysis and functions of religion
Religion and social change-Protestant ethics and the rise of capitalism
6. Politics/Government.
Introduction and Definition
General Structure and functions
The Concepts of Power and Authority-Traditional, Legal-Rational and Charismatic
Politics in Global Perspective
-Monarchy
Democracy
Authoritarianism
Totalitarianism
A Global political system?
Theoretical analysis of Power in Society-Pluralist Model, The Power-Elite Model, The
Marxist Model
Power beyond the rules
Revolution
Terrorism
War and Peace
7. Education.
Introduction and Definition
Structure and functions
Schooling and economic development
Schooling and social inequality
Problems in the school, and unrest in universities
Theoretical analysis of education or schooling
8. Introduction to Civil society organizations
Community Based Organizations
Community Citizen Board
Non Government Organizations
International Non Governmental Organizations
UN Bodies
Chamber of Commerce and Industries
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
17
Ballantine, Jeanne H. and Roberts, Keith A. (Condensed Version) 2010. Our Social World.
California: Pine Forge Press/Sage Publication.
Brown, Ken 2004. Sociology. United Kingdom: Polity Press
Brym, Robert J. and Lie, John. Sociology: Your compass for a new world (Brief Edition)
2007 Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth.
Colander, David C. and Hunt, Elgin F. (Thirteenth Edition) 2010 Social Sciences: An
introduction to the study of Society. India: Pearson Education/Dorling Dindersley.
Gidden, Anthony 2002. Introduction to Sociology. UK: Polity Press.
Hortun, Paul B. and Hunt, Chester L. 1984. Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill
James M. Henslin. 2004. Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach. Toronto: Allen and
Bacon.
Macionis, John J. 2006. 10th
Edition Sociology New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
Horton Paul, B Introduction to Sociology (4th
Edition)2002, Sage: Delhi
18
COURSE: SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES
COURSE CODE: SOC 403
CREDIT HOURS: 4
Aims and Objectives:
The course provides a review of classical sociological theorists to contemporary sociological
thinking. It focuses on the content and utility of classical theories in terms of understanding
social world. While the course provides a general history of sociological theory, the focus
remains on examining how classical theories have provided the basis for a better understanding
of the character and dynamics of societies around the world. The contents of the course also
help understand the nature of contemporary sociological theories.
Course Contents:
1. Introduction
Theory and Knowledge
Process of Theorizing
What is a sociological Theory
Types of Sociological Theories
Inductive and Deductive
Fact, Propositions, and Laws
Development of sociological theory
Social Forces
Intellectual Forces
French Revolution
Enlightenment
2. Structural-Functionalist Perspective/Positivist Sociology:
Introduction
Characteristics and main assumptions
Auguste Comte
Emile Durkheim
Talcott Parsons
Robert K. Merton
3. Critical-Conflict Perspective:
Introduction
Characteristic, Outlook and main assumptions
Hazart Allama Ibne Khaldun
Karl Marx
Wright Mills
4. Symbolic Interactions Perspective:
Max Weber
19
George Herbert Mead
Charles. H. Cooley
Erving Goffman
Recommended Books:
1. Appelrouth Scott. 2007. Sociological Theory in the Contemporary Era: Text and
Readings. London: Pine Forge Press.
2. Bronner, Stephen Erick (latest ed.) Critical Theory and Society-A Reader, London;
Rutledge and Kegan paul.
3. Calhon, Craig. Ed. 2007. Contemporary Sociological Theory. 2nd
ed. Malden, USA:
Blackwell Publishing.
4. Emile Durkheim, 2001. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: Oxford
University Press.
5. Farganis, James 2000. “Readings in Social Theory: The Classic Tradition to Post-
Modernism (3rd
Ed.)”. Boston: McGraw Hill.
6. Gianfranco Poggi, 2000. Durkheim. New York: Oxford University Press
7. John, J. Macionis. 2004. Sociology, 10th
edition. Hardcover
8. Max Weber, 2001. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Los Angeles, CA:
Roxbury Publishing Co.
9. Ritzer, George 2002. Sociological Theory (10th
edition). New York: McGraw Hill.
COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLOGY OF PAKHTUN SOCIETY AND CULTURE
COURSE CODE: SOC 406
CREDIT HOURS: 3
20
Aims and Objectives:
Sociology is a study of relationship between human beings with others in a society including
the relationship with the culture. To open the ability of holistic thinking, the students of
sociology have to learn social value system of others‟ society as well as their own.
The social value system of Pakhtun is chosen because Pakhtun people have proven to the world
that they could be a developed society without neglecting the value of tradition. However, in
the recent past, due to some global events, the perception of people around the world has
changed and is getting more and more biased towards Pakhtun. The true Pakhtun culture and
social system and their values systems are hidden from the world community as well as from
their own fellow nationals. Therefore this course aims to introduce and depict the accurate and
real culture and society to the wider audience and students of sociology. Moreover, the course
will help students of sociology to do research on the different dimension of traditional value
systems of Pakhtun and the socio-cultural changes happening in the Pakhtun region. Also it
will help to sort out problems faced by Pakhtun in all sphere of life and will clarify the
misconceptions about them.
1. Introduction
History and origin of Pakhtun
Tribes, races and ethnicities among Pakhtun
Different school of thoughts on the origin of Pakhtun
Description of the Pakhtun belt and region and the impact of geography on Pakhtun culture
and identity.
2. Pakhtun Social Institutions
Hujra, its structure and functions
Jirga, structure, functions and its significance
Joomat (mosque) its importance and functional necessity
Madrassa, functions and its educational value for Pakhtun
3. Pakhtun Culture-Pakhtunwali
Introduction to Pakhtunwali
Melmastya(Hospitality)
Badal (Revenge)
Nanawaty
Gherat (Honour)
Nang/Sharam/Patt
Purdah
Khegarah
Malamatya
Teega
Rogha
Thora and Topak
Satt
21
5. Customs and Dresses
Swara, Tore, Honour Killing
Lopata, Sadar, Patkey, Wasket etc
5. Pakhtun Art, Music and Literature
Musical Instruments, Sittar, Rabab, Mangai, Shpelai
Folk Literature,Tappa, Misra, Charbaita, Badala, Rubaai, Nimakai
Poets, Rahman Baba, Khushaal Baba, Hameed Baba, Hamza Baba, Ghani Khan(Lewaney
Falsofy), Ajmal Khattak
6. Pakhtun Social Stratification
Khan/Naik
Mullah
Kasab Ghar, Nai, Tarkan, Jola, Kolal, Henger (Lohar), Nandaf, Mazdoor,Dehqaan
8.Pakhtun Social Movements
Khudai Khidmatgaar Tehreek
Khushaal against Mughal
Pakhtun Freedom movements Against British(Turangzai Haji)
Tehreek Reshmi Roomal
Recommended Books:
1. Ahmad, Aijaz. 2005. Frontier Gandhi: Reflections on Muslim Nationalism in India. Social
Scientist 33 (Jan-Feb). 22-39.
2. Banerjee, Mukulika. 2002 The Pathan unarmed: opposition and memory in the North West
Frontier. Santa Fe, N. M.: School of American Research Press
3. Caroe, O. K. 1965 The Pathans, London: Macmillan and Co.
4. Glatzer, Bernt 2002 The Pashtun Tribal System. Chapter No. 10. in G. Pfeffer and D.
K. Behera (eds.): Concepts of Tribal Society (Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies, Vol 5),
New Delhi: Concept Publishers. [Accessible on: www.afghanic
.de/images/whatiswhat/tribal_system.pdf.]
5. Picco, Giandomenico and Palmisano, Antonio Luigi. 2007 Afghanistan: How much
of the past in the new future. Istituto di Sociolgia Internazionale de Gorizia (I.S.I.G) Stampa:
Grafica Goriziana.
6. Spain, J. W. 1963 People of Khyber, London:
7. Spain, J. W. 1973 The Pathan Borderland. (2nd
Ed.) London:
COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT
COURSE CODE: SOC 408
22
CREDIT HOURS: 4
Objective:
Concepts and terms related to the issues of development shall be learnt. The students will learn
about relevant theories about change and progress. Models of development related to local,
regional, and global levels will be examined. Comparisons will be drawn among political,
social, and economic factors of development in a variety of perspectives.
Course Outline
1. Introduction
Change, development, and progress
The meaning „development‟
Development and underdevelopment
Critiques of development: Eurocentric, populist stances, anti-development and post-
modernity
3. Theories of development
The Modernization School
Marxist and Socialist Models
Development and Underdevelopment-Dependency
Structural Adjustment Policies
4. Social Change
Introduction
Various dimensions of social change
Magnitude, rate and direction of social change
Identification of social change.
Factors affecting social change
5. Social Change and Development in Global Perspective
The Politics of Development: Economy, Policy, Culture
Corporations, Classes and Consumerism
Gender and Development
Transitional Practices in the Third World
6. Globalization, development and underdevelopment
What does globalization mean?
Globalization and Development: for and against/solution or problem?
Global transformations: a shrinking world or a more unequal world?
Globalization and the information society: the digital divide and an unequal world
Economic aspects of globalization: industrialisation, TNCs, world cities and global shifts
23
Economic change and global divergence
Global convergence? Perspectives on cultural globalization
Political aspects of globalization: the anti-capitalist movements
Globalization and unequal development
6. The Role of Aid in Development
The Role of Non-government Organizations in Development
Development in Pakistan: A Case Study
Recommended Books
1. Boas, Morten. 2004. Global Institutions and Development: Framing the World? London:
Routledge.
2. Chambers, Robert. 2005. Ideas for Development. London: Earthscan.
3. Danne M waddell (2007) Organization Thoms G Cummings Christopher G Worley
Development & Change Asia Pacific
4. Debora heade (2005) Development NGO & Civil Society Rawat Publications Jaipur New
Delhi
5. Griffiths, Robert j. 2004. Developing World. Guilford: McGraw-Hill.
6. Jha, A.K. 2006. Globalization & Human Resource Development in 21st Century.
Lucknow: Institute for Sustainable Development.
7. Katie Willis. 2005. Theories and Practices of Development. London: Routledge.
8. Kothari, Uma. 2002. Development theory and Practice: Critical Perspectives. New York:
Palgrave Macmillan.
9. Pietese, Jan Nederveen. 2001. Development theory: Deconstruction/Reconstruction new
Delhi: Vistaar Publishers.
10. Sahni, Pardeep. 2003. Governance for Development: Issues and Strategies. New Delhi:
Prentice Hall.
11. Schech, Susanne. 2002. Development: A cultural Studies Reader. Australia: Blackwell
Publishing.
12. Singh, Sita Ram. 2005. Poverty Alleviation in the third world. New Delhi: APH Publishing
Corporation.
13. Thirlwall, A.P. 2006. Growth and Development with special reference to developing
economies 6th ed.
COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY
COURSE CODE: SOC 409
24
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Aims and Objectives:
Ecology is often described as the study of natural communities while sociology is described as
the study of human communities. Environmental sociology is the study of both together, the
study of the “community” in the broadest sense–people, water, land, plants, animals etc.
Indeed, society and the physical environment are tightly linked in various ways.
During this course, we will explore these linkages at various levels from the local to the global.
Environmental sociology raises questions that contemporary “mainstream” sociology has been
very concerned with, too, these last 30 years or so. Indeed, environmental sociology is highly
emblematic for the challenges the “modernity” project is facing. Since the modernist
dichotomy between social systems and natural systems becomes less and less tenable, new
ways to account for the real and socially entangled world have to be found.
The course is mainly oriented towards a theoretical discussion and is geared towards getting
students acquainted with different schools of thought not only in the discussion around
„environmental sociology‟ but also the discussions and cases from cognate areas of
development theory, i.e. rural and urban development (including sustainable development),
Sociological theory, modernity etc. The concepts, theories and paradigms of the discipline will
be mainly derived from the (Rich) North‟s academic tradition. Each time, empirical examples
will be provided to support the discussion, primary by analyzing examples from both the
„North‟ & the „South‟
Course Contents:
1. Introduction
Definition and explanation of Environmental Sociology
The Birth and Growth of Environmental Sociology-Historical Background
Environmental sociology and the larger discipline
Current trends and point of debates in environmental sociology
Major paradigms in environmental sociology and discourse
a. Human Exemptionlism Paradigm (HEP)
b. New Ecological Paradigms (NEP)
Basic concepts and terms of environmental sociology
a. Existential dualism
b. Societal-environmental dialectic
c. Treadmill of production
d. Ecology
e. Biosphere
f. Ecosystem
g. Environmental Justice
1. Major Sociological Perspectives on Environmental Problems
Structural-Functionalism
Conflict
Symbolic interactionism
25
2. Environmental Problems
Societal-Environmental interactions
Evolution of Environmental Problems
Three Main functions of environment
Societal response to environmental problems
Causes of environmental Problems
Impacts of Environmental Problems
Possible solutions of environmental problems.
4. Major Environmental Issues and Problems
Resources – flow and stock resources, resource depletion
Waste and Pollution
Environmental Sinks
Waste Assimilation systems
Population growth and the environment
Biodiversity
Quality of life
Environmental problems or human problems
5. Theoretical Underpinnings for the Explanation of Environmental problem
The biological nature of the human species-Nature Vs Nurture. Sociobiology
The nature of human needs and wants and satisfiers-Human needs and environmental
capital, Maslow Hierarchy of needs theory, needs and satisfiers, needs in post-modern
society
The conflict between individual and larger scale interests – The „Tragedy of the commons‟
model and „Life-boat‟ model
The role of values in determining attitudes and behaviour – Extrinsic and Intrinsic values,
values and the greens
6. Sustainable Development and the Goals of Environmental Policy
The predicament off humankind: Malthusianism
The Limits to Growth thesis
What sustainable development means?
Assessing Sustainability: the three key criteria, The Capital Approach, Environmental Space
approach,
7. Resources and the Environment
The importance of resources in development
Resource constraints and the development process
Environmental impacts of development
The search for sustainable resource management
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
26
1. Dobson, Andrew (Edited) 2003 „Fairness and Futurity: Essays on Environmental
Sustainability and Social Justice‟ Oxford, Oxford.
2. Hannigan, J. (2nd
Ed) 2006. „Environmental Sociology‟, London: Routledge
3. Humphry, C. R. and Buttel, F. R. (1982), „Environment, Energy, and Society‟, California:
Wadsworth, Inc.
4. Moore, F. (1st Ed.) 2003. „Environment and society‟, New Delhi: Dominant Publishers and
Distributors
5. Potter, R. B. Binns, T. A. E. Jennifer and Smith, D. 1999. „Geographies of development‟,
Singapore: Addison Wesley Longman Limited
6. Roberts, J. (2004), „Environmental Policy‟, London: Routledge
7. Sharp, A. M. Register, C. A. & Leftwich, R. H. (9th
Ed.) 1990. „Economics of Social
Issues‟, Boston: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.
8. Shrivastava, A. K. 2004. „Population development, environment, and health‟, New Delhi:
A P H Publishing Corporation.
9. Wright, R. (ed.) 2004. „Controversies in Environmental Sociology’, New York: Cambridge
University Press
10. Wright, R. T. and J. N. Bernard. (8th
Ed.) 2002. „Environmental Science: Toward a
sustainable future‟ New Delhi: Prentice Hall, Inc.
27
COURSE TITLE: SOCIAL STATISTICS AND BASIC SPSS
COURSE CODE: SOC 416
CREDIT HOURS: 03
Aims and Objectives:
This is a basic course in statistics with particular focus on the social sciences. It is taught in a
user-friendly manner with emphasis on use of SPSS, statistical analysis software commonly
used in social research. The course will teach basic statistical methods in which social
researchers should have facility to execute their own analyses. This includes generation of
descriptive statistics, correlations, t-tests, chi-square tests, analysis of contingency tables, one-
way ANOVA, and simple regression. The course will also introduce additional statistical
methods about which social researchers should be knowledgeable, including multiple linear
regression, logistic regression, and survey analysis. Classes will include presentation of
statistical concepts underlying specific procedures, and discussion of circumstances under
which a procedure is and is not appropriate. Classes will also include demonstration of
statistical procedures, and interpretation of program output. Homework exercises will involve
executing statistical procedures covered in class with sample data sets, and interpreting the
results.
Course Contents:
1. What is Statistics?
Definition of Statistics, what is SPSS, Population, sample Descriptive and inferential
Statistics, Observations, Data, Discrete and continuous variables, Errors of measurement,
Significant digits, Rounding of a Number, Collection of primary and secondary data,
Sources, Editing of Data. Exercises.
2. Presentation of Data
Introduction, basic principles of classification and Tabulation, Constructing of a frequency
distribution, Relative and Cumulative frequency distribution, Diagrams, Graphs and their
Construction, Bar charts, Pie chart, Histogram, Frequency polygon and Frequency curve,
Cumulative Frequency Polygon or Ogive, Historigram, Ogive for Discrete Variable. Types
of frequency curves. Exercises.
3. Measures of Central Tendency
Introduction, Different types of Averages, Quantiles, The Mode, Empirical Relation
between Mean, Median and mode, Relative Merits and Demerits of various Averages.
properties of Good Average, Box and Whisker Plot, Stem and Leaf Display, definition of
outliers and their detection. Exercises.
4. Measures of Dispersion
Introduction, Absolute and relative measures, Range, The semi-Inter-quartile Range, The
Mean Deviation, The Variance and standard deviation, Change of origin and scale,
Interpretation of the standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation, Properties of variance and
standard Deviation, Standardized variables, Moments and Moments ratios. Exercises.
28
5. Probability and Probability Distributions
Discrete and continuous distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distribution.
Exercises
6. Sampling and Sampling Distributions
Introduction, sample design and sampling frame, bias, sampling and non sampling errors,
sampling with and without replacement, probability and non-probability sampling,
Sampling distributions for single mean and proportion, Difference of means and
proportions. Exercises.
7. Hypothesis Testing
Introduction, Statistical problem, null and alternative hypothesis, Type-I and Type-II errors,
level of significance, Test statistics, acceptance and rejection regions, general procedure for
testing of hypothesis. Exercises.
8. Testing of Hypothesis- Single Population
Introduction, Testing of hypothesis and confidence interval about the population mean and
proportion for small and large samples, Exercises
9. Testing of Hypotheses-Two or more Populations
Introduction, Testing of hypothesis and confidence intervals about the difference of
population means and proportions for small and large samples, Analysis of Variance and
ANOVA Table. Exercises
10. Testing of Hypothesis-Independence of Attributes
Introduction, Contingency Tables, Testing of hypothesis about the Independence of
attributes. Exercises.
11. Regression and Correlation Introduction, cause and effect relationships, examples, simple linear regression, estimation
of parameters and their interpretation. r and R2. Correlation. Coefficient of linear
correlation, its estimation and interpretation. Multiple regression and interpretation of its
parameters. Examples
Recommended Books
1. Babbie, E., F. Halley, & J., Zaino 2007. Adventures in Social Research 6th
edition. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press
2. Earl Babbie 2010. The Practice of Social Research 12th edition. Belmont CA,
Wadsworth Publishing.
3. Field, Andy. (3rd
Ed) 2009. Sex, Drugs, and Rock n Roll: Discovering statistics
using SPSS. Sage Publication: UK
4. Haely, Joseph F. (8th
Ed) 2009. „Statistics: A Tool for Social Research‟ Belmont:
WADSWORTH Cengage Learning.
5. Joan Welkowitz, Barry H. Cohen, Robert B. Ewen. (6th
Edition) 2006.
„Introductory Statistics for the behaviorual sciences‟ USA,: Wiley
29
6. Morgan, George A. ; Leech, Nancy L.; Gloeckner, Gene W. ; and Barret, Karen
C. (2nd
Ed) 2004 SPSS for Introductory Statistics: Use and Interpretations‟ New Jersey:
Kawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
7. Muhammad, F. 2005. “Statistical Methods and Data Analysis”, Kitab Markaz,
Bhawana Bazar Faisalabad.
8. Stockburger, David W. 1996 „Introductory Statistics: Concepts, Models, and
Applications‟ Available at www.Version 1.0.com
30
COURSE TITLE: RURAL SOCIOLOGY
COURSE CODE: SOC 412
CREDIT HOURS: 03
Aims and Objective:
The course aims at providing knowledge of basic concepts of rural sociology to the
students. Moreover an in-depth understanding of structure of rural society will be carried
out. The course focuses on issues relating to the study of rural people and places, as well
as rural related issues in both advanced and developing countries. This course is designed
to explore the changing nature of rural development in the global economy.
Introduction:
Introduction and meaning.
Definition and development of rural sociology
Scope and impotence of rural sociology.
The role of rural sociologist.
Subject matter of rural sociology
Rural sociology as a science.
Rural social organization:
Social stratification
Rural castes and classes,
Estates, the biradiri, clan and tribes and the jirga system
Social Institution in Rural Society:
Family, introduction, characteristics, functions, types of family system in rural
Pakistan.
The changing pattern of rural family system and the impact of urbanization
Migration,
Modernization and rapid social change.
Education, introduction, meaning, definition and its various types of education
e.g. –
Informal, formal and the non-formal. The role of mosques and madras‟s in rural
Education.
The problem in the way of rural education with reference to female education in
Pakistan.
Political institution, its meaning, definition and functions. Forms of authority
and its
basis in rural areas of Pakistan.
Local government, structure, historical development of local government in
Pakistan. The role of local government in people political education and in the
development of rural physical and social infrastructure.
Religious institution, its meaning and functions in rural society.
Economic institution, its structure, functions, and the role of agriculture in rural
economy.
The concept of reciprocity and exchange in rural areas of Pakistan.
31
Technological development and the rural economy. The problems faced by rural
economy.
Social Process of Rural Society
Co – operation and its forms, forms of cooperation in rural areas.
Conflict, its types and the basis of conflicts in rural areas of Pakistan.
Competition and its forms, the various sources of competition in rural areas of
Pakistan.
Accommodation and the settlement of disputes. The role of Jirga, beraderi, in
the settlement of disputes.
Faction, feuds and the resolution of conflict in Pakistan.
Physical Development in Rural Society:
Physical infrastructure development
Basic needs and Approaches in rural development.
Agricultural development.
Means of communication, roads, and market development.
Health and recreation facilities.
Rural Society in Transition:
Meaning of change and transition.
Rural poverty and rural development.
Field of agriculture
Field of education
Economics problems
Factionalism
Development, Change and Rural Women and Problems in Pakistan
Changing status of women
Rural women as an agent for development
Economics status of rural women
Participation of rural women in the protection of environment
Role of women as manager of domestic energy
Income generation scheme s for rural women
COURSE RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. CHITAMBER, J.B. (2003). An introduction to rural sociology. New Delhi:
Balley Eastern Limited.
2. Dalal, B. (2003). Rural Planning in Developing Countries, New Delh: Earthscan.
3. Khan, Nowshad. (2000). Rural Poverty Alleviation. Islamabad:National Book
Foundation.
4. Kolb, John. H.L. (1989). A Study of Rural Sociology (4th Edition). London:
Houghton Mifflin.
5. Sahibzada, Mohibul Haq. (1997). Poverty Alleviation. Islamabad: Institute of
Policy Studies.
6. Social Policy and Development Centre.(2000). Social Development in
Pakistan.New York: Oxford University Press.
32
COURSE TITLE: DISASTER MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: SOC 411
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Aims and Objectives:
More and more the need to consider „natural‟ disasters and their impacts as part of the wider
development discourse is recognized. While aiming to introduce students to the contemporary
disaster debates, the course will also use concrete examples and evidence from recent events to
highlight „good practice‟ in relief and reconstruction efforts from a gendered vulnerability
perspective. The oft-ignored issues of emotional trauma, increased violence and spatial and
social dislocation that disasters may provoke will also be considered in some depth, alongside
discussion of the possibilities for change that large-scale disaster offer.
More specifically, the students of this course will get an understanding of the underlying
causes of „natural‟ disasters and their links with present developmental processes. Additionally,
basic knowledge of relief and reconstruction initiatives and gender frameworks for their
implementation. Plus understanding of the possible wider implications of disasters both
„negative‟, the trauma and violence that may follow, and the possibilities for positive social
transformation.
33
Course Contents:
What is disaster and Hazard and the difference between disaster and hazard,
Types of disasters-Natural disasters and Man-made disaster including Famine, Biological
hazards, Floods, Storms, Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions, Accidents, Political and complex
emergencies
Points of debate and myths about disaster and development
What is relief, emergency response (Sphere Project) , and rehabilitation
What is vulnerability and risk
The role of local, national and international agencies in disaster response
The role of media in disaster response
Secondary disasters: Trauma or Psycho-social aspect and Violence
Community based disaster risk management, importance of community-based
Global Policy Framework: Hyogo framework For Action 2005-2015
RECOMMENDED READINGS:
1. Alley, E et al (1993) Combating the vulnerability of communities in P. Meriman and C.
Browitt (eds) Natural Disasters: Protecting vulnerable communities Thomas Telford, London.
2. Alexander, D (2000) Confronting Catastrophe: New perspectives on Natural Disasters. New
York: Oxford University Press.
3. Anderson, M. and Woodrow, P. (1999) Rising from the Ashes: Development Strategies in
Times of Disasters, 2nd
ed. London, IT Press.
4. Blaikie, Piers et al (1994) At Risk: Natural Hazards, People‟s vulnerability and Disasters
Routledge, London and New York
5. Enarson, E and Morrow, B (eds) (1998) The Gendered Terrain of Disaster: Through Women‟s
Eyes. Westport
6. Godschalk, D. et al, 1999 Natural Hazard Mitigation: Recasting Disaster Policy and Planning.
Washington, D.C.; Island Press.
7. Lewis, J (1999) Development in Disaster-prone Places: Studies of vulnerability. Intermediate
Technology Publications, London.
8. Maskrey, A (1989) Disaster Mitigation: A Community Based Approach. Oxford: Oxfam.
9. Wood, A et al (eds) (2001) Evaluating International Humanitarian Action: reflections from
practitioners Zed Books: London and New York
10. Varley, A (ed) (1994) Disasters, Development and Environment, Chichester: Wiley
34
COURSE TITLE: CRIMINOLOGY
COURSE CODE: SOC 414
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Aims and Objectives:
To help students develop understanding of the dynamics, origins and cause of Social
Deviation, Delinquency and Crime, especially among adolescents and youth. To impart
knowledge about the increasing incidence of crime with in the context of our socio- economic
and cultural environment.
1. Introduction
Introduction to criminology
Scope, Nature and subject matter of criminology
Criminology and criminal law
Definition(Legal and Non Legal), meaning and concept of Crime
Elements of crimes
Deviance and Crime.
Explanation of Crime in social and cultural context
2. Crime and Criminal
35
Types of the crime and criminals
(Violent crimes, property crimes, business crimes and Organized crimes)
Causes of crimes
Remedies of the crimes
3. Theoretical Explanation of Crime.
Introduction of old Theories
Biological Theory of Crime) (Lambroso, Sheldon)
Sociological theory of crime
Social - process and social- structure approach (Sutherland, Durkheim, Robert K Merton,
Karl Marx)
Psychological theory (Sigmund Freud, Skinner )
4. Agencies Controlling Crime
Formal and informal control of crime and criminal behavior
Role of Social institutions in prevention and detection of crime, like family, school peer
group etc.
Structure and Role of formal institutions e.g.
Police, F.I.A C.I.A C.I.D etc.
5 . Crime Statistics
Introduction
Sources, Difficulties and Needs
National crime statistics and its sociological interpretation
International crime statistics and its sociological interpretation
Problems of validity and reliability
6. Probation and Parole
Definition of probation and parole.
Role of probation and parole officers.
Difference between probation and parole.
Social investigation in probation.
7 Juvenile Delinquency
Introduction and Definition
Causes and remedies
Juvenile reformatories
8 Theories of Punishment
Retributive.
Deterrence.
Social Solidarity
Reformative.
Islamic concept of crimes and its punishment
36
BOOKS RECOMMENDED.
1. P.P.C Law Publication Pakistan, P.L.D Publisher Nabha Road, Lohore.
2. Lan Brownlex, Langmen 1998 Community Punishment, A Critical Introduction, London
and New York.
3. Macionis, John J. 2006. 10th
Edition Sociology New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
4. Rouald L. Akers (2nd
Ed) 1999 „Criminological Theories introduction and Evaluation, (2nd
Edition) Fitzroy Dearborn Publisher, Chicago- London-..
5. Sutherland Edwin II Donald R Gessay 2001. Principles of criminology New york J. B
Lipoincott company.
COURSE TITLE: FIELD WORK
COURSE CODE: SOC 422
CREDIT HOURS: 4
Aims and Objectives:
The Field Work is aimed at providing practical experience to gain professional knowledge and
develop skills and attitudes appropriate to the practice of Sociology. It is designed to give
students “real world” experience to complement and enhance their classroom studies. An
academic complements the work experience. The sociology students of M.A (Third
Semester/Final year) classes will carryout Block Field Work under the supervision of a faculty
member in a any social set up or community level.
Details/Description:
The minimum requirements for the Field Work will be 3 credit hours of Sociology field work
practice in the field for an academic year. The Block Field Work will be a minimum period of
7 days and maximum 10 days. The student of Field Work will be assessed and graded on the
following criteria by faculty member supervising the field work:-
General capacity for understanding and translating in effective practice the concepts of
ethnographic field work and leadership ability in sociology in terms of the following qualities:
i) Degree of initiative.
37
ii) Ability to interpret the aims of study.
iii) Ability to develop co-operation among people.
iv) Quality of relationship with individual and groups.
v) Consistency and persistency in terms of goals and objectives.
vi) Administrative ability.
vii) General sense of responsibility about the job.
B. Ability to work constructively in a team.
C. Response to individual potentiality for further growth
D. Use of professional literature and its application fieldwork.
Before assigning the agency for their Field Work Practice, the students will be provided with
proper orientation. They will be informed that an observational plan will be followed after
classroom orientation for fieldwork. The students will have to visit different agencies during
the orientation phase and will have to write comprehensive reports on each visit by using
guidelines given to them on the observation visit proforma.
3. For the assessment of student‟s performance following reports/items have to be taken in
considerations as process: -
1. Schedule - 70 percent of the required time
2. Orientation - Visit to the agencies
3. Reporting - Shall submit at the end of field work trip
Daily presentation in the field and final reports to the Supervisor.
4. Supervision - Academic and field
5. Presentation - The students have to
give presentation of their field Work in presence of the class, faculty.
6. Evaluation - Should be done as per criteria lay down.
All the departments have to nominate a faculty member to co-ordinate Field Work activities.
He/She will be responsible to co-ordinate and liaise with the other members of the faculty and
finalize the students placement.
- The coordinator has to establish rapport and keep in contact with the field supervisors also.
- To organize field seminars, he/she will extend support and guidance to the students.
- Evaluation and presentation of the student have to be coordinated from this form.
- Arrangement of transport (if and when required) is his responsibilities.
38
COURSE TITLE: - SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODS
COURSE CODE:- SOC 415
CREDIT HOURS: 4
Course Objective: The course aims to learn about the basic concepts of social research, various research
methodologies, both quantitative and qualitative. The students will learn about the usage of
various methodologies while conducting research on different topics. The main tools and
research techniques will be studied. It is assumed that the students have a background in basic
social statistics and in social theories. The students will also learn about certain specific
computer software like SPSS.
Course Contents
1. Introduction
Characteristics of scientific- social research
Theory and research
Types of social research
Qualitative and Quantitative
Quality of good researcher
39
2. Steps in Research
Choosing the problem and its significance
Review of relevant literature
Justification of Topic
Theoretical framework
Formulation of Objectives
Formulation of research question
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing
Derivation of research hypothesis
The time dimension:
cross sectional studies
longitudinal studies
3. Sampling
Types of Sampling
Sampling Techniques
Preparation of Sampling Frame
Sampling Size
Error and Control
4. Tools of Data Collection
Questionnaire
Interview Schedule
Checklist
Observation
Focus Group Discussion / Interview(FGD/I)
5. Data Collection and Processing
Sources of Data
Methods of Data Collection
Survey method
Experimental method
Case study method
Content Analysis
Data Management
Data Analysis Techniques
Recommended Books:
1. Alwin, Duene F. 2007. Margins of Error; A Study of Reliability in Survey Measurments.
U.S.A. : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Babbie, Earl. 2004. The Practice of Social Research. 10th
Edition. Belmont: CA Words Worth
Publishing.
3. Bridge Semekh & Culhy. 2005. Research Methods in the Social Science. New Delhi: Vistaar
Publiser.
4. Christopher Winship, 2003, Sociological Methods and Research. London: Sage Publications.
40
5. Neuman William Lawerence. 2000 Social Research Methods 4th
ed. Allyn and Eacon., Boston.
6. Norman Blaikie, 2003, Analyzing Quantitative Data, Sage Publication London.
7. Somekh & Lewin, 2005, Research methods in Social Sciences, Vistaar, Publication, New
Delhi.
8. William Dragon and Steve Duck, 2005, Understanding Research in Personal Relationship Sage
London.
9. Juliet Corbin & Anselm C Strauss, Basics of Qualitative Research (Third Edition) (2008) Sage
Publications New Delhi;
10. Marcus Banks, 2008. Using Visual Data in Qualitative Research. Sage Publications New
Delhi;
11. Norman K Denzin & Yvonnal Lincoin, 2008 Collecting and Interpreting
Qualitative Materials Sage Publications New Delhi;
12. Rosaline Barbour 2008 “Doing Focus Groups” New Delhi: Sage Publications
COURSE TITLE: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
COURSE CODE: SOC 433
CREDIT HOURS: 04
Aims and Objectives:
Taking an international perspective, this course aims to introduce students to current global
development issues, especially in the „Third World‟. Paying special attention to the analysis of
poverty and gender, the first part of the course equips students with relevant conceptual and
methodological tools. These are then applied to a range of specific issues including approaches
to development theories, work, households and gendered divisions of labour; globalization and
industrialisation; gender and environmental issues; and approaches to gender planning in
development. Students completing the course will be sensitized to a range of perspectives
relevant to gender and development policy dimensions of governments and non-governmental
agencies in developing countries.
Course Contents:
1: The Concept of Gender & Feminists‟ concept of gender inequality
The meaning and Definition of Gender & related concepts
Feminist Movements: Review of the assumptions of various feminist movements
41
& their critique
Gendered Critique of Development Theories
2: Putting „Gender‟ on the Development Agenda
Brief History & Characteristic functions of IMF & The World Bank
IMF-World Bank and the History of Development Interventions
The Movement of „Women in Development (WID)‟ through „Women &
Development (WAD)‟ to „Gender & Development (GAD)‟
The Gendered nature of Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs): men‟s and
women‟s poverty under SAPs
The Feminization of Poverty?
Documentary Film Showing: „Stormville: Life and Debt in Jamaica‟
3: Gender, poverty and livelihoods in the developing world
The meaning and definition of Poverty: Analyzing the indicators used for the
definition of Poverty
Causes of Poverty
A Gendered Perspective on the definition & Critique of Poverty
Strategies of Poverty Alleviation
Critique of Poverty Alleviation from Gendered Perspective
Differences and Commonalities between men‟s and women‟s experiences of
poverty in The „North‟ and the „South‟
4: Gender, Environment, and Globalisation
The rise of „environment‟ on the Development Agenda: From Environmentalism
to „Our Common Future‟
Feminists‟ notions about Environmental crisis: The „Women Environment and
Development‟ (WED)
Globalisation: its meaning and context for the „South‟
Global Industrial developments: outsourcing and women‟s labour in industries
5: Gender-analysis of development project
Gender-based analysis: assumptions, applicability and critique of various Gender
Framework Analyses
Key components of gender-based project proposal writing and planning
Recommended Books:
1. BRIDGE. (2001), ‘Briefing Paper on Feminisation of Poverty’ [On Line]
Prepared by BRIDGE for Swedish International Development Cooperation
Agency (SIDA), Available from:
http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports/femofpov.pdf
42
2. Braidotti, R. et al. (1994) Women, the Environment and Sustainable
Development: Towards a Theoretical Synthesis, Zed Books, London, Chapters 1
& 9
3. Connelly, M. P., Li, T. M., MacDonald, M. and Parpart, J. L. (2000), ‘Feminism
And Development: Theoretical Perspectives’ in Parpart, J. L. Connely, M. P. and
Barriteau, V. E. (Eds.), Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development,
Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC
4. Kabeer, N. (2003), „Gender Mainstreaming in Poverty Eradication and the
Millennium Development Goals: A handbook for policy-makers and other
stakeholders‟ Chapter 1, pp. 1-22 & Chapter 4, pp. 79-106 [Online] Available
from: https://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/123456789/32208/38/118452.pdf
5. Marcus Power (2003) Rethinking Geographies of Development, Routledge,
London
6. Nalini Visvanathan et al. (eds) (1997) The Women, Gender & Development
Reader, Zed Books, London
7. Pearson, R. (2000) Rethinking Gender Matters in Development, in Allen, T. &
Thomas, A. (eds.) Poverty and Development in to the 21st Century, O.U.Press,
Oxford, Chapter 18.
8. Parpart, Jane L. Connelly, Patricia M. and Barriteau, Eudine V. (2000 )
„theoritical Perspectives on Gender and Development‟ Ottawa: Commonwealth of
Learning.
9. Robert Potter et al. (2004) (second edition) Geographies of Development, Pearson
Education Ltd, Essex.
10. Sen, G. (2000) „Gender Mainstreaming in Finance: A Reference Manual for
Governments and Other Stakeholders‟ London: Commonwealth Secretariat.
.
COURSE TITLE: PROJECT MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE: SOC 429
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Introduction:
This subject will focus on the concept and implementation of the project cycle as a means of
managing change in the human and physical environment. The introductory section will
introduce students to the stages of the project cycle and to the associated terminology. Some of
the tools used in implementing the cycle will be examined and appraised in the context of
different approaches to project management. The emphasis in this subject will be on issues
arising form project development and implementation, evaluating tools available for project
managers and it is intended that the subject will complement the more theoretical policy
oriented subjects of our M.A program.
The learning outcomes of this subject and syllabus will be that student will have a critical
awareness of and some experience of project management tools suitable for a range of
developmental projects.
43
Contents:
o What is a Project? What are project for? Why use the project approach? How do projects
relate to the process of policy implementation? How have approaches to projects and project
management changed in recent years?
o Approaches and Typology: The different styles and types of project and alternative
approaches to project management. Project typology, management style, the question of scale.
Choosing an appropriate project style, Participatory approaches in project management and
implementation. The partnership approach.
o Project Cycle. Its role in the achievement off developmental goals and its different stages in
detail.
o Impact Assessment (AC): What is the role of impact assessment? How does it fit into the
project cycle? Strategies for carrying out an Impact Assessment. Different types of impact
assessment – gender impact, social impact, environmental impact.
o Problem Identification and Participatory need assessment pus SWOT Analysis and
Stakeholder Analysis.
o Project Formulation and Proposal
o Project Design , Concept Note, and Budget
o The Logical Framework approach to management- what, why and is it any god? Plus Critical
Path Method (CPM)
o Project Implementation: Budgeting, planning work schedules, record keeping, reporting,
Human Resource Management, training, group building, capacity building.
o Monitoring and Evaluation: How to develop monitoring and evaluation systems, indicators
etc, Sustainability issues, ending a project failure and success.
Recommended Books:
1. DETR booklet- A guide to good practice in managing environmental projects.
2. Cusworth JW and Franks TR (1993) Managing Projects in developing countries. Longman
3. D Lock (2000) Project Management. Gower, USA.
4. D Eade (1997) Capacity building – an approach to people centered development. Oxfam.
5. P Healy (1997) Project management- Getting the job done in time and in budget. Oxford,
Butterworth-Heinemann
6. C Kirkpatrick (1996) Cost Benefit analysis and project appraisal in developing countries.
Edward Elgar.
7. D Lewis (2001) The management of non-governmental organisations. Earthscan, London.
8. D Potts (2002) Project planning and analysis for development. Lynne Rienner, London.
9. G Channan, C Garrett and A West (2000) The new community strategies: how to involve local
people, London, Community Development Foundation. www. Cdf.org.uk
10. Edwards M and Fowler A Eds. (2002) The Earthscan reader in NGO management.
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COURSE TITLE: - SOCIOLOGY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES (ICTs)
COURSE CODE:- SOC 420
CREDIT HOURS: 3
Aims and Objectives:
This course aims to introduce students to the new and emerging field of ICTs in sociology. As we
are living in an Information age and the indigenous cultures are in grave danger of extension and
the „locals‟ having problems of identity, therefore it is necessary to study this emerging trends and
related issues. Our social world has been changed dramatically by the new technologies, especially
of computer , wireless and mobile phone technologies. This course will deals with issues of
technology, changes brought by introduction of technology in human behaviour and the larger
social structure, information and communication technologies, post-modernity in greater depth.
1: What fuels technology change?
The mythology of technology. Is technology neutral? Mythology and gun control. Technology‟s
relationship to power and privilege. The ABC of technological advantage. Progress- for whom?.
Being postmodern. The challenge of change.
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2: Technology adoption and diffusion
Piecing together an understanding of technoculture. The social control of telephone. Discourse
analysis and the social biography of things. The expectation and experience of technology of
things. The theories of adoption and diffusion. High and low involvement in technology adoption.
Adopter characteristics. Factors which affect product diffusion. Interpersonal influence. Opinion
leaders. VALS (Value and lifestyles segmentation).
3: Domestication of technologies
What is a „domesticated technology?. Integrating technology into the household. Imagining
community. Boundary markers. Technology as boundary-breaker. Power and consumption.
Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs. Applying Maslow‟s theory to online behaviour. Household
validation and the exploration of experience. Researching the dream.
4: Fragmenting mass media in the postmodern information society
The massification of media and information. Time, space and communication. Media effects?. The
objectivity of the media. The media and globalization. The local in the global. Postmodernism and
the information society. Postmodernism, peasants and the proletariat. The information economy.
Commodification in the postmodern.
5: Making sense of being in cyberspace
Getting connected to cyberspace. Some Internet definitions. A taxonomy of cyberspace?.
Screening the senses in cyberspace. Feeling your way on the Internet. Hate on the Net. Panicking
about morality. Is cyberspace brain-changing?
6: Studying Mobile Phone Use in Context: Cultural, Political & Economic Dimensions of
Mobile Phone Use
Sociological theory of mobile phone, Mobile phone use and youth, young people use of online
communication, the social consumption of information and communication technologies, Internet
sub-culture and cyber-culture.
6: The Global Digital Divide
Defining the digital divide. International politics of the digital divide. Politics of the New World
Information and Communication Order (NWICO)
7: E-Governance and ICTs for Development
ICTs & E-government, Discussion around benefits and risks, needs and obstacles, E-Governance
and E-Government in local government: benefits and limitations,
The Link between ICTs and Health Policy, Telemedicine in developing countries: Problems and
Prospects, Concepts and practice of e-health: policies and strategies at international level, the
clinical and educational aspects of e-health: Case studies from-Pakistan, India, Nepal, Ecuador,
China, South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Recommended Books:
46
1. Anthony, Cawley. (2009) „Handbook of Mobile Communication Studies‟. Information,
Communication, and Society, 12:8, 1262-1264 [Available at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691180903193875]
2. Andal N. (2000) „Communication theories and models‟ New Jersey, Blackwell Publication.
3. Hulme, Michael and Truch, Anna (2004) „Exploring the implications for social identity of the
new sociology of the mobile phone‟. UK: Centre for the study of Mobile Phone Technology
and Culture.
4. Hans, Geser. (2007) „Patterns of multi-channel communication among older teens‟. Institute of
Sociology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
5. Shrivastava (2006) Media issues, Sterling Publishers, UK
6. Stewart, James. (2003) „The Social consumption of information and communication
technologies (ICTs): insights from research on the appropriation and consumption of new ICTs
in the domestic environment‟ London: Springer-Verlag.
7. Hussain and Ray (2000) Media and Communications in the Third World, Kanishka publishers,
New delhi.
8. Macfadyen, Leah. Roche, Jorge. Doff, Sabine. (2nd
Ed) (2005) „Communicating across
Cultures in Cyberspace: A Bibliographical Review of Intercultural Communication Online‟
Switzerland: Lit Verlag.
9. Yadava and Mathu. (2005) „Issues in Mass communication‟ Vol.2, Kanishka publishers, New
Delhi.
COURSE TITLE: DISSERTATION
COURSE CODE: SOC 440
CREDIT HOURS: 6
Aims and Objectives:
As part of Master degree in Sociology, students are required to complete a thesis under the
supervision of a supervisor or faculty member, who has a related scholarly interest. The thesis
is seen as a capstone experience for majors in that it allows them both to explore research and
analytical skills that they have learned earlier and to develop these skills with direct
application. In addition, in the process of research and writing, the student develops new skills
for the analysis that grow out of the first-hand research tasks. Finally, the thesis process allows
the department to assess how well it is doing in preparing students for critical and creative
thinking, and for professional or allied careers using their major.
The topic of thesis research is chosen in consultation between the student and the faculty.
Hands-on empirical research is encouraged, sometimes using available data sets -- including
47
those developed through the surveys carried out in the Research Methods course in the
department -- and sometimes requiring the full initiation and carrying out of data gathering in
the form of a survey, participant observation project, content analysis or other research method.
Format Guidelines for Master‟s Thesis:
Only students who have achieved 3.00 CGPA at the end of third semester will be allowed
to do dissertation.
Arrangement of dissertation.
Each thesis must be arranged in the following order. Italicized pages are optional.
2. Signature Page Include this page in the pretext page count, but do not place a page number
on it.
3. Title Page Include this page in the pretext page count, but do not place a page number on it.
4. Dedication and/or Epigraph. Include this page in the pretext page count, but do not place
a page number on it.
5. Acknowledgements and/or Preface. Begin placing pretext lowercase Roman numerals at
the bottom of this page, counting all preceding pretext material except for the fly page. Page
numbers are centered one inch from the bottom of the page.
6. Abstract Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase Roman numerals.
7. Table of Contents. Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase Roman numerals.
8. List of Tables. Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase Roman numerals.
9. List of Figures. Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase Roman numerals.
10. List of Illustrations/Maps/Slides. Continue pretext page numbering with lowercase
Roman numerals.
11. Text. All pages from the first page of text through the Vita are numbered consecutively in
Arabic numerals, beginning with Arabic numeral “1” on the first page of the thesis or report
text.
12. Appendix. Continue page numbering with Arabic numerals.
13. Glossary. May, instead, be placed after the Table of Contents in the area with the Lists of
Tables, List of Figures, etc. Continue page numbering with Arabic numerals.
48
14. Bibliography. Other possible titles are “References” or “Works Cited.” Continue page
numbering with Arabic numerals.
PAGE FORMAT AND LAYOUT
a. Font
A single font must be used throughout the thesis, the only exceptions being in tables, graphs,
and appendices. Headings may be bolded and no more than 2 points larger than the rest of the
text.
b. Margins
All theses and reports must have consistent margins of at least 1.25 inches at the top, bottom,
left, and right edges of the page. Page numbers must be placed at least one inch from the
bottom of the page. Margins which are larger than those required are acceptable, but smaller
margins are not.
c. Spacing
The thesis or report must be double-spaced or 1.5-spaced. Single spacing may be used only in the
Table of Contents, footnotes and endnotes, charts, graphs, tables, quotations, captions, glossary,
appendices, and bibliography. Prose quotations over three lines long should be in block quote,
double or single-spaced, and indented on the left. Do not use quotation marks in the block quote
except when indicating quotations within the block quote.
d. Numbering of Pages
Beginning with the first page of the Acknowledgements or Preface, if used, all preliminary
pages preceding the actual text must be numbered in lowercase Roman numerals; e.g., iii, iv, v,
etc. These numerals must be centered under the text with at least one inch of space between the
number and the bottom of the page. If no optional pages are used, the page numbers must begin
on the Abstract. Do not number the copyright page, signature page, title page, or dedication,
but do include each of them in the pretext page count. The first page of the text begins at
Arabic numeral 1. All pages within the text must contain an Arabic page number, bottom-
centered, at least one inch from the bottom edge of the page. The first page of every major
section (chapters, appendices, bibliography, Vita, etc.) must begin on a new page.
e. Tables and Illustrations
Pages carrying illustrative material must be given page numbers appropriate to their place in
the document. Illustrative material may not be inserted after the document has been numbered
and given numbers such as “10a.” All tables, figures, illustrations, and other types of examples
included and referenced in the text of the dissertation should be numbered for identification.
There should be no duplication of these numbers; i.e., no two tables should be assigned the
same number. Figures may be numbered in one of two ways: consecutively throughout the
document (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc.), or double-numbered so that illustrations‟ numbers
reflect their locations in the document (Figure 9.3 is the third figure in Chapter 9, or Figure A2
is the second figure in Appendix A.) Captions and legends must be placed on the same page
with the figure, graph, table or illustration they describe. In order to fit both figure and caption
on the same page, captions may be single-spaced, margins may be decreased to one inch, and
49
figures may be reduced in size to fit. If the figures are reduced from their original size, then the
page number must be added after the reduction so as not to alter its size. If there is no other
way to manage the amount of material to be shown, the caption and figures should be side-by-
side in continuous view. This method should only be used in the rare instance where all of the
pertinent material will not fit on the same page. Figures, captions, and page numbers must be
easily readable when the electronic document is viewed at 100 percent.
Footnotes and Bibliography
A Bibliography, or Reference, section must immediately precede the Vita at the end of the
thesis or report, even in theses where chapter end notes have been used. Bibliographies may be
omitted only in wholly original theses such as novels or musical compositions. The
bibliography must include materials used including the edition, if not the first, so the citation
can be readily verified. Footnote citations must be sufficiently exact to enable the reader to find
the source with ease. Any standardized form for footnotes and bibliography approved by your
supervisor is acceptable if followed consistently. Several useful manuals for selecting a
footnote/bibliography format include the Chicago Manual of Style.
Copies required:
All students who successfully accomplished writing up dissertation are required to submit at
least three copies in hard and one copy in soft to the supervisor or chairmen or head of
department.
Viva voice:
For a student to be eligible for the award of master degree in sociology, it is necessary and
compulsory element and requirement for his/her dissertation assessment to appear before a
panel of internal supervisor and external examiner etc for a viva voice.
Recommended Books:
1. Denscombe, M (1998) the good research guide. Open University, Buckingham
2. Cryer, P. (1996) The Research students guide to success. OU Press
3. Kane, E. (1985) Doing your own research. Marion Boyars
4. Rudestam, K.J. & Newton, R.R (1992) Surviving your dissertation, Sage, London
5. Murray, R (2002) How to write a Thesis. Open University Press
6. Bell, J (1999) Doing your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers in
Education and Social Science, 3rd edition. Open University Press
