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Files, File Groups, DisksBackupsRecovery ModelDatabase MaintenanceCompressionCorruptionCompatibility LevelIndexes
Agenda
Each database is made up of at least two filesOne file is dataOne file is transaction log
Files, File Groups, Disks
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File Groups are made up of filesFiles hold the dataDisks Hold Files
Files, File Groups, Disks
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Tables created within file groupsAllows tables to be spread across disksFile groups typically only need one 1 file
Files, File Groups, Disks
https://www.flickr.com/photos/andrewnebbett/5356889496/
Single file group4-8 files for most instancesMore if using lots of temporary tables, pivoting
TempDB Database
https://www.flickr.com/photos/rachaelvoorhees/4988206451/
Three Recovery Models AvailableSimpleBulk-LoggedFull
Used to control amount of loggingControls recoverability
Recovery Models
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Minimal LoggingNo Point In Time RecoveryDoes Not Disable Logging
Simple Recovery Model
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Some commands are bulk loggedMost commands are fully loggedPoint In Time Recovery Supported
Bulk Logged Recovery Model
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Almost nothing is bulk loggedPoint in time recovery is supportedFull Data Protection
Full Recovery
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3 Different Kinds of BackupsFull BackupsDifferential BackupsTransaction Log Backups
Advanced Backup OptionsFile Group Backups
Backups Saved On Another Machine
Backups
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Makes a point in time copy of the databaseDatabase is in the state the database was at the end of the backupShould be done daily or weekly
Full Backups
Backs up changes since last full backupUsually used for reporting databasesOptional database backup type
Differential Backups
Backs up transactions since last log backupFrequency should be dictated by business need (RPO)Required for full or bulk logged recovery model
Transaction Log Backups
Full RestoreDifferential RestoreTransaction Log RestorePage Level RestoreFile Group Restore
Restoring Data
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Databases need TLCIndex RebuildingIndex DefragmentingUpdate Statistics
Database Maintenance
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Database MaintenanceIndex Rebuild
Can be online or offline depending on version, edition and column data typesCreates new indexes then drops old indexUpdates Statistics on index
Index Defrag
Always OnlineMoves data around pages row by rowOnly moves rows that need to be moved
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How SQL Server figures out how to access dataStatistics are used to create an execution planStatistics are a sampling of the values within a table or indexStatistics contain up to 200 samples of the values within the tableStatistics track the number of values between sampled values
Statistics?
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Statistics?
Compression
https://www.flickr.com/photos/smithser/6122836965/
• Saves space within:• The database• Memory• Backups
• Costs CPU speed, but usually worth it• Data Compression is Page or Row• Backup Compression is an on or off
All databases can become corruptCorruption is usually a hardware problemCorruption should be checked for regularlyDepending on what is corrupt it may be repaired without data lossCorruption is checked for and repaired using DBCC CHECKDBCorruption will happen, how you prepare for it will determine how easily you can survive itSome corruption can’t be repaired and must be restored from a backup
Corruption
Compatibility levels tell SQL Server which language syntax to supportDoes not effect the version of the SQL Server the database can be restored toSQL Supports several down level compatibility levels.
SQL 2012 supports SQL 2005 and upSQL 2008 R2 and below support SQL 6.5 and up
Compatibility Level
Used to speed up queriesSorted based on the columns within the indexCauses duplicate data to be storedTrades space for speedIndexes are ½ art and ½ science
Indexes
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ClusteredNonclusteredFull TextSpatialColumnStoreXMLSemantic Search
Indexes
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Indexes
Indexes
Indexes aren’t freeEvery index added slows down INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE operationsOnly create indexes where the cost of having the index is worth itUnused indexes can be removed from the database
Indexes
http://dcac.co/res/teched2014
Additional Reading…
27 Hands on Labs + 8 Instructor Led Labs in Hall 7
DBI Track resources
Free SQL Server 2014 Technical Overview e-book
microsoft.com/sqlserver and Amazon Kindle StoreFree online training at Microsoft Virtual Academy
microsoftvirtualacademy.com Try new Azure data services previews!Azure Machine Learning, DocumentDB, and Stream Analytics
Resources
Learning
Microsoft Certification & Training Resources
www.microsoft.com/learning
Developer Network
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