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Hot topics in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics. Ultra-cold (CSA, IGH, SLC, NPP). Ultra-intense (RMP). Laser cooling. Precision measurements clocks, fundamental tests. Nobel Prize 1997. GSI, Darmstadt. Ultra-fast (RMP). BEC. Nobel Prize 2001. Interstellar media (DRF). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Decreasing Thttp://www.mpq.mpg.de/~haensch/bec
Nobel Prize 2001
Laser cooling
Nobel Prize 1997
BEC
Cold molecules 1K
Ultra-cold molecules 100nK (2003)
http://exphys.uibk.ac.at/ultracold/
Ultra-intense (RMP)Ultra-cold (CSA, IGH, SLC, NPP)
Ultra-fast (RMP)Interstellar media (DRF)
Precision measurementsclocks, fundamental tests
Condensed matter physics with the
precision of atomic physics
Hot topics in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics
GSI, Darmstadt
Atomic and molecular processes in the interstellar media
University of Durham1. Rovibrational excitation of interstellar molecules at low energies
H2 - H2, H2 - CO, H2 - NH3, H2 - CH3OH
Excitation of fine structure transitions in atoms at low energiese.g. H2 - C( 2p2 3PJ ), H2 - O( 2p4 3PJ )
Collaborators: Stephen Davis (Virginia, USA) Evelyne Roueff, Marie-Lise Dubernet (Meudon) Silvia Leurini, Peter Schilke (Bonn)
2. Shocks in regions of star formationMHD model of shock waves: chemical reactions
cooling processes
Predict: rovibrational spectrum of H2;intensities of emission lines (e.g. [CI]
and [FeII]). Compare with observations
Collaborators: Carolyn McCoey Guillaume Pineau des Forêts, Jacques Le Bourlot, Sylvie Cabrit (Paris) Teresa Giannini (Rome),
Malcolm Walmsley (Firenze)
3. Star formation in the primordial gas
Collaborator: Guillaume Pineau des Forêts (Paris)
DRFCarolyn McCoey
Staff: RMPGraduate students: Ciprian Chirila
Atom and ions in intense laser pulses University of Durham
C C Chirila et al, unpublished
GSI, Darmstadt
1. Ultra-short (few-cycle) pulses:
Picture of the emission of an attosecond X-ray pulse
The magnetic field component of the laser pulse radicallymodifies X-ray emission at high intensity.
Calculation of the distribution of photoelectrons produced by astrong few-cycle 800 nm pulse incident on an atom of hydrogen.
2. Ultra-strong pulses interacting with relativistic ions:
GSI (Darmstadt):- Relativistic multicharged ions (Lorentz factor up to 20) collide with superintense laser pulses (up to 1021 W/cm2 at 1054 nm).
The group is developing new projects in this area - C C Chirila et al, Laser Phys. 14, 190 (2004).
Non-linearspectroscopy
Staff: IGHGraduate students: Graham Purves, David SmithCollaborators: CSA Financial support: EPSRC
Velocity selectiveoptical pumping
Jundt et al. Eur. Phys. J D 27 273-276 (2003)Smith et al. Am. J. Phys 72 631 (2004)
Non-linear Sagnacinterferometry
Purves et al. Eur. Phys. J D (2004)
Rapid spectral variation of
absorption and refractive index
Optically pumped gradiometer for magnetocardiography ~ 100fT/Hz1/2
Wynands (PTB)
PrecisionMagnetometry
Photonics• superluminal light propagation
• “slow” and trapped light
• Dark-state polaritons
• Can the group refractive index really be 106?
• optical delay lines
• optical storage and memory
• ditherfree laser lock signal
University of Durham
Adams et al. PRL 74, 3577 (1995); Davidson et al. PRL 74, 1311 (1995); Lee et al. PRL 76, 2658 (1996).
Szymaniec et al. Europhys. Lett. 45, 450 (1999).Davies et al. PRA 63, 012413 (2000). Davies et al. J. Phys. B. 33, 4079 (2000).
Staff: CSA, Simon CoxGraduate students: Paul Griffin, Kevin Weatherill
Matt Pritchard Collaborators: E. Riis (Strathclyde)Previously: Hilary Davies (Ph.D. 12/99)
K. SzymaniecFinancial support: EPSRC GR/R18420 £311k
EPSRC GR/A90367 £229khttp://massey.dur.ac.uk/research_bec.html
Adams et al. J. Phys. B 36, 1933 (2003). Cox et al. Rev. Sci. Instrim. 74, 1311 (2003).
Laser cooling and trappingUniversity of Durham
Staff: IGHGraduate students: David Smith
Matt Pritchard Collaborators: CSA, Ed Hinds Financial support: EPSRC
Magnetic manipulation of cold atoms
Saba et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 468 (1999).
0 10 20 30 40Time (ms)
106 Rb atoms guided
Key et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 1124 (2000).
Magnetic focussing
Pritchard et al. preprint.
Universityof DurhamExperimental Bose-Einstein Condensation
Staff: Simon Cornish, CSAStudents: Margaret Harris
Malcolm Parks Patrick TierneyFinance: Royal Society
EPSRC GR/S78339/01
Magnetic Field (G)
157 159 161 163 165
a /
a0
0
2500
5000
7500
10000
145 160 175
-4000
0
4000
Cornish et al, PRL 85, 1795 (2000)
BEC with Tunable Interactions
Burst focus
RemnantTR / 2 later
Condensate Collapse: “The Bosenova”
Donley et al, Nature 412, 295 (2001)
1. 85Rb BEC Experiment: 2. Quantum Degenerate Mixtures:
Thomas et al, J. Opt. B Quant.Semiclass. Opt. 5, S107 (2003)
Cs Feshbach Resonances
Creation of Ultracold Molecules
133 Cs
87 Rb
BEC theory Staff: Nick Proukakis, CSAGraduate students: Eleni Sakellari
Nick Parker Collaborators: C. F. Barenghi (NCL)
D. J. Frantzeskakis (Athens)H. T. C. Stoof (Utrecht)
Previously: Mark Leadbeater (–11/02)Brian Jackson (Ph.D. 10/00)Thomas Winiecki (Ph.D. 10/01)J. F. McCann (QUB)
Financial support: EPSRC GR/R53517http://massey.dur.ac.uk/research_bec.html
Parker et al. PRL 92, 160403 (2004).
Winiecki et al. PRL 82, 5186 (1999).Jackson et al. PRL 80, 3903 (1998).
Parker et al. PRL 90, 220401 (2003).
Leadbeater et al. PRL 86, 1410 (2001).
University of Durham
Superfluidity in atomic condensates Solitons, vortices Josephson effect
Proukakis et al. PRL to appear
Coherent control of the formation of ultra-cold molecules
IGH, CSA, SLCEPSRC £342k
G. Roberts I. A. WalmsleyC. J. FootT. Kohler
Future plans: Fermionic dipolar superfluids
BEC – BCS crossover
Dipolar 6Li – 40K
Bartenstein et al. cond-mat/0403716
http://atomcool.rice.edu/local/atomstar.jpg
See e.g. Chen et al. cond-mat/0404274
Fermionic superfluids are robust?
IQMInstitute for Quantum MatterUniversity of Durham
Currrent grant portfolio (EPSRC, RS) > £ 1.75 M
Durham Physics Durham ChemistryC. S. Adams (761k) Prof. J. M. Hutson (165k) I. G. Hughes (342k?) Dr. E. Wrede (423k)S. L. Cornish (438k)
Collaboration Newcastle PhysicsProf. A. S. DickinsonDr. G. Roberts
Funding: OneNE EPSRC SRIF III £2 M (3 yrs)
Aims: Ultra-cold quantum chemistry, quantum computing
Ultra-far Ultra-fast/intense Ultra-stable Ultra-cold
Atomic and molecular physicsUniversity of Durham
DRF, RMP, CSA, IGH, SLC, NPP