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De weg naar gifvrije antifouling, aan de
hand van een aantal praktijkvoorbeelden Rik Breur MID-NL thema-avond, 14 november 2016
Antifouling history
copper plating
tar-products
organic paints with copper
tributyltin systems
back to copper after TBT Ban
Alternative: foul release
coatings need organotin
“catalysts”, still chemical
action suspected
Antifouling beyond toxic paint
- All of these systems pollute
- Solvents evaporate
- Toxins kill marine life
- Paints disappear in the seawater
- Annually 95,000 tons of paint are
leached into the environment
- No fit with the current image of
time
- Solutions are available
Vessel with regular antifouling,
6 months standby operation in Qatar
Antifouling beyond toxic paint
- Options to change
- Hard coating with frequent cleaning
- Ultrasonic devices
- Micanti: prevent fouling by changing texture with fibers
Antifouling based on fibers
- Not new, already in the 1970’s first attempt: artificial
grass surface
- Next try: 1990’s: mimicing seal fur
- 2006: use “thorns” to decrease available surface
Fur-like
velvet-like
Why does it work:
basically there is
no surface for
settlement
Working Principle insulating fibers
Flocked surface Plain surface
Secreted adhesive
Settlement of barnacle larvae
Flocked surface Plain surface
Flocked surface Plain surface
Flocked surface Plain surface
Secreted adhesive
Settlement of barnacle larvae
Flocked surface Plain surface
Flocked surface Plain surface
Flocked surface Plain surface
Secreted adhesive
Settlement of barnacle larvae
Flocked surface Plain surface
Flocked surface Plain surface
Antifouling beyond paint
Besides toxicity, more disadvantages for paints:
1. toxic solvents that contribute to the greenhouse effect
2. paints end up in the environment by polishing
3. Paints don’t work while moored
4. limited lifetime
These disadvantages can be prevented by using a
self-adhesive film
Application to 140m
length coaster
Application of the film
Application to 40m
standby vessel
Application pro’s/cons
Pro:
1. No toxic solvents evaporation
2. No leaching to the environment
3. Active while moored
4. Long lifetime (up to 10 years?)
5. Work in daytime, other (hot) work can continue
Con’s:
1. More labor (yet same overall application time)
2. Questions about mechanical damage
Question: does it work?
- Long road to success
- Many factors influence performance
- Environment
- Sailing behavior
- Surface preparation
- Both failure projects and positive references
Panel trials
- Texel (NL), 6 months in Summer
9 months stationary
in Suez Canal
• Initial choice: Water Injection Dredger
• Due to time constraints: not self-propulled Cutter Dredger HAM218
9 months stationary
in Suez Canal
• Soft fouling on Micanti
• Hard fouling on regular AF
Kees Jr – DutchDredging in North Sea
• Initial choice: Water Injection Dredger
• Due to time constraints: not self-propulled Cutter Dredger HAM218
Kees Jr – DutchDredging in North Sea
• Troubles with tie coat, not a true product failure
Kees Jr – DutchDredging in North Sea
• Antifouling performance is good
• Many detachment issues
Fugro Seismic vessel
• Sailing area: North Sea/Atlantic/Western Africa
• 1 year North Sea
• 6 months West-Africa
Fugro survey vessel after 1.5 year
Micanti Antifouling, slight
debris not attached
Micanti Antifouling, damages due to tie coat detachment, 10m2 of 1500m2 after 50,000km
Silicon based Antifouling
Copper based Antifouling
Wrap-up
- As there alternatives are available, toxic antifouling
paints will fade out eventually
- Alternatives are mostly physical
- Fiber-based surfaces are proving their performance.
- Films instead of paints show to be a logical and
durable solution
