CU HI N TP1) Cu hi: V s cu trc ca h thng my tnh? Nu chc nng ca
tng b phn? Nu hn ch ln nht ca my tnh theo kin trc ca Von Neumann.2)
Cu hi: Gi s ti thi im my tnh thc hin chng trnh, gi tr ca cc thanh
ghi trong CPU nh sau: DS=CS=SS=ES=189Ah; IP =01C4h, SP=FFF8h,
SI=0000h, DI = 0000h,3) Hy cho bit:- Chng trnh ny c phn m rng l
.COM hay .EXE? Ti sao?- M ca lnh chng trnh trn nm trong b phn no ca
my tnh? Ti v tr c a ch vt l no? Ch r cch xc nh?4) Cu hi: Cc my tnh
c nhn (PC) hin nay c thit k theo kin trc no? Theo kin trc ny, my
tnh gm nhng b phn g? Nu chc nng ca tng b phn? Nhc im chnh ca kin
trc ny l g?5) Cu hi: B x l trung tm (CPU) ca my tnh lin kt vi cc b
phn khc ca h thng my tnh (cc cng vo/ra v b nh) bng nhng nhm tn hiu
no? Nu chc nng, hng truyn ca cc nhm tn hiu ? Khi CPU nhn lnh thc
hin, th m lnh chuyn t u ti u, theo ng no?6) Cu hi: Phn bit a ch
logic v a ch vt l ca mt ngn nh? Nu phng php CPU xc nh a ch vt l da
trn a ch logic? Hy cho bit lnh u tin sau khi my tnh khi ng xong c a
ch logic bng bao nhiu? Tnh a ch vt l ca lnh ?7) Cu hi: B vi x l
8086/88 c bus a ch v d liu bao nhiu bit? N c th truy cp ti a c bao
nhiu nh? Mi nh cha bao nhiu bit? Khi CPU thc hin lnh: MOV [DI],AL
th nh c truy cp c a ch l bao nhiu? Cho bit gi tr cc thanh ghi bn
trong CPU trc lc thc hin lnh l:AX = 0000; BX = 0000; CX = 0000; DX
= 0000; SP = FFEE; BP=0; SI =0; DI=0; DS=127Ch; ES=127Ch; SS=127Ch;
CS=0700h; IP=0100h8) Cu hi: on b nh l g? a ch on b nh cha trong cc
thanh ghi no? di ca cc thanh ghi a ch ca on l bao nhiu bit? Hy cho
bit ngn nh c a ch vt l l 256A3h c th nm trong nhng on b nh no, a ch
lch bao nhiu (hy vit ra t nht 3 a ch logic ca a ch vt l trn)? Vit
cng thc lin h gia a ch vt l v a ch logic?9) Cu hi: Gi s my tnh thc
hin chng trnh c phn m rng l .COM. Vi trng thi ban u cc thanh ghi on
v con tr ch s trong CPU nh sau: CS=DS=SS=ES=1000H; IP=0100;
AX=0000; BX=0000; CX=0000; DX=0000; BP=0000;SP=FFFE; SI=0000;
DI=0000. Hi:Khi CPU nhn m lnh t b nh, n s dng nhng thanh ghi g xc
nh a ch ca lnh cn c vo?CPU tnh a ch vt l ca lnh trn c s ni dung ca
cc thanh ghi theo cng thc no?Xc nh a ch vt l ca byte m lnh u tin vi
cc d liu cho trn?10) Cu hi: X l ng ng l g? Do c cu trc bn trong no
m b vi x l 8086 c kh nng thc hin chng trnh theo kiu ng ng? Gi s cc
lnh u c thi gian nhn lnh, gii m v thc thi l 1 chu k my. Bng hnh v
biu thi gian, hy xc nh thi gian CPU hon thnh 5 lnh theo c ch x l ng
ng?11) Cu hi: Hy cho bit tn, k hiu v ngha ca 6 c ch th trng thi ca
kt qu trong CPU? Xc nh gi tr cc c sau khi b vi x l 8086 thc hin lnh
sau:MOVAL,056HADDAL,0AAH(Bit rng trc gi tr cc bit c trn v thanh ghi
AL bng 0).12) Cu hi: Ti sao trong B vi x l 8086 ca Intel tt c cc
thanh ghi a ch (on v lch) c di ti a l 16 bits nhng a ch vt l CPU to
ra c di 20 bits (t A0 n A19)? Hy cho bit cc cp thanh ghi (on v lch)
tng ng a ch ha m lnh, d liu v ngn xp? Xc nh tn cc thanh ghi cha a
ch logic ca byte m lnh nm trong on b nh c a ch l 1034h v lch l
0200h? Tnh a ch vt l ca byte m lnh ni trn?13) Cu hi: Bus h thng ca
my tnh ni B vi x l Intel 8088 vi b nh v cc cng vo/ra gm nhng bus
con g? V s to cc bus con trong my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Trnh
by mt chu k bus c b nh?14) Cu hi: Trn bn b nh my tnh? B nh ROM BIOS
trong my tnh IBM PCXT nm vng a ch no? Nu chc nng ca b nh ROM BIOS
trong my tnh IBM PCXT? Khi khi ng my tnh th thanh ghi on m lnh (CS)
v con tr lnh (IP) c khi to gi tr bao nhiu vng nh ROM BIOS s c quy
chiu u tin?15) Cu hi: Ti sao b nh RAM chnh ca my tnh thng s dng vi
mch nh DRAM? u, nhc im ca vi mch nh DRAM so vi vi mch nh SRAM? Khi
my vi tnh IBM PC s dng loi vi mch nh l loi DRAM th CPU cn c thm
thao tc g bo ton d liu trong b nh RAM trong qu trnh lm vic?16) Cu
hi: Trnh by v bn b nh trn my tnh IBM PC XT ( ln, khng gian a ch, cc
vng chnh ca bn nh ...). 1KB vng nh c a ch thp nht v vng nh c a ch
cao nht trong bn nh c s dng vo mc ch g?17) Cu hi: Mt chu k truy cp
c b nh ca vi x l 8086 gm my chu k ng h? Hy cho bit ngha ca tn hiu
ALE v chu k no n tch cc, khi CPU truy cp b nh? Tn hiu no trong cc
tn hiu sau tch cc: IOR, IOW, MEMR, MEMW, khi CPU thc hin lnh: MOV
AL,[SI]18) Cu hi: Mt chu k truy cp ghi b nh ca vi x l 8086 gm my
chu k ng h? Tn hiu no trong cc tn hiu sau tch cc: IOR, IOW, MEMR,
MEMW, khi CPU thc hin lnh ghi b nh? Tnh thi gian ca mt chu k ghi b
nh, nu bit tn s ng h ca CPU l 10MHz?19) Cu hi: V bn b nh ca my tnh
PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Nu chc nng, dung lng, vng a ch ca b nh qui c
(conventional memory)? Trong my tnh, pht hin li c v ghi b nh, mi
byte c b sung thm thng tin g? Gi tr ca n c xc nh nh th no?20) Cu
hi: V bn b nh ca my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Nu chc nng, dung
lng, vng a ch ca b nh hin th VDR (Video Display RAM)? Xc nh a ch on
v lch ca ngn nh trong b nh hin th VDR tng ng vi k t gc di cng bn
tri mn hnh, nu mn hnh c thit lp ch vn bn, phn di 80 x 25?21) Cu hi:
V bn b nh ca my tnh PC/XT dng vi x l 8088? Nu chc nng, dung lng,
vng a ch ca b nh ROM? Hy cho bit, vi mch ROM BIOS c dung lng 8KB,
nm vng a ch no (t... n....)?22) Cu hi: Tn hiu no trong cc tn hiu
sau tch cc: IOR, IOW, MEMR, MEMW, khi CPU thc hin lnh c m lnh? Tnh
thi gian ca mt chu k ghi b nh, nu bit tn s ng h ca CPU l 10MHz? Nu
chip nh RAM c thi gian truy cp l 100ns, th CPU c cn chn thm trng
thi ch vo chu k ghi khng? Ti sao?23) Cu hi: V bn b nh my tnh IBM
PC/XT? Nu chc nng ca cc vng nh? Sau khi ng, CPU thc hin lnh u tin
nm trong vng nh no? iu c lin quan g vi gi tr ca thanh ghi on m lnh
v con tr lnh?24) Cu hi: S bit a ch v d liu ca Bus h thng trn my tnh
c lin quan g n dung lng v rng t nh ca b nh trn my tnh? Mt chu k bus
c hay ghi b nh ca vi x l 8088 gm my chu k ng h? Tnh thi gian m b vi
x l truy cp ngn nh, nu tn s ca ng h l 5MHz (gi s khng c chu k i khi
truy cp)?25) Cu hi: My tnh IBM PC XT c 20 bits a ch. Nu b nh RAM (c
a ch t 00000 9FFFF) s dng vi mch nh c dung lng 4x8 kbits, th c bao
nhiu vi mch nh c s dng? Gii m a ch c t chc my cp? Nhng bit a ch no
c dng chn vi mch nh, nhng bit a ch no c dng chn ngn nh trong vi mch
nh?26) Cu hi: M t cc lnh vo/ra cng ca b vi x l: tn lnh, c php, chc
nng? Dung lng ca khng gian vo /ra khi s dng ch a ch trc tip? Tn hiu
iu khin no c s dng khi dng lnh c cng vo v ghi cng ra?27) Cu hi:
Trnh by chc nng, cc thanh ghi bn trong v cc ch lp trnh ca vi mch
vo/ra song song 8255A? Trong my tnh PC, vi mch 8255A nm trn
Mainboard c a ch chn chip l bao nhiu, c lp trnh ch no? Chiu ca cc
cng c thit lp nh th no? Vit li on chng trnh khi to 8255A trong BIOS
ca my tnh?28) Cu hi: Trnh by chc nng, cc thanh ghi bn trong v cc ch
lm vic ca vi mch nh thi 8253? Trong my tnh PC, vi mch 8253 c a ch
bao nhiu? Cc b m ca 8253 c khi to nhng ch no? Vit li on m chng trnh
khi to cho 3 b m ca 8253?29) Cu hi: Trnh by khi nim truyn d liu ni
tip, giao thc truyn ng b v khng ng b, ch thu/pht n cng v song cng?
Phn bit thit b truyn thng? M t chun truyn thng ni tip RS-232 v: c
kh, in v giao thc truyn? Ti sao truyn khng ng b phi ng khung d
liu?30) Cu hi: B vi x l truy cp (c/ghi) cc cng vo/ra nh nhng lnh
no? C php vit cc lnh ? S cng vo/ra c th a ch ho c ti a l bao nhiu
tng ng vi ch a ch trc tip v gin tip? Tn hiu iu khin no phn bit chiu
truy cp ca CPU i vi cng vo/ra? Mc tch cc ca chng?31) Cu hi: Cc phng
php phc v cc thit b ngoi vi tiu chun ca my tnh IBM PC XT? u nhc im
ca chng? Trnh by v bng vector ngt: chc nng, v tr trong b nh? Vec-t
ngt (a ch on v lch) ca chng trnh con phc v ngt INT 28h nm nhng ngn
nh no trong bng vec-t ngt?32) Cu hi: nh ngha ngt v phn loi ngt?
Vector ngt l g, gm my byte? Ni dung ca n cha thng tn g? Trnh by cch
xc nh a ch on v lch ca chng trnh con phc v ngt c s hiu ngt l INT
17h?33) Cu hi: Th no l ngt cng v ngt mm? B vi x l 8086 c bao nhiu
ngt? Cc ngt c nh s hiu nh th no? Khi mt ngt c kch hot, CPU xc nh a
ch ca chng trnh con phc v ngt nh th no? Xc nh a ch cc nh cha vec-t
(a ch on v lch) ca chng trnh con phc v ngt c s hiu INT 18h?34) Cu
hi: Chc nng ca ngn xp (Stack)? Cc lnh no cho php ngi dng truy cp
ngn xp? Khi no b vi x l t ng truy cp ngn xp? Khi mt ngt c kch hot,
b vi x l ct vo ngn xp nhng thng tin g ca chng trnh ang thc hin? Vic
khi phc nhng thng tin c thc hin khi no? 35) Cu hi: Nu nh ngha ngt,
phn loi ngt, chng trnh con phc v ngt v vec-t ngt? Ti sao ni vic xc
nh c s hiu ngt l v cng quan trng trong qu trnh my tnh x l v phc v
ngt?36) Cu hi: M t chun truyn ni tip RS-232 v: c kh, mc tn hiu in,
giao thc truyn? Chun RS232 h tr giao thc truyn no? Khung d liu l g,
gm nhng bit g? Hy v biu tn hiu trong khung d liu ca k t C (m ASCII
l 43h) vi tham s nh khung sau: di d liu 7 bit, kim tra bit bc chn,
2 bit dng? 37) Cu hi: nh ngha vo/ra song song v vo/ra ni tip? Chng
c s dng trong cc trng hp no? a ch ca cc cng vo ra ni tip COM1-COM4
v vo ra song song LPT1-LPT4 c lu u? Ti a ch no? a ch cng c di bao
nhiu bit? Hy vit lnh c cng c a ch 03FDh?38) Cu hi: Th no l ch ho v
ch vn bn trn mn hnh? Trong ch vn bn, mi k t trn mn hnh tng ng my
byte trong b nh hin th (Video RAM)? Byte thuc tnh trong Video RAM c
ngha g? Xc nh byte thuc tnh ca mt k t hin trn mn hnh c mu trng trn
nn ?39) Cu hi: Nu mi quan h gia phn gii mn hnh, s bits m ho mu v
dung lng ca b nh Video RAM? Chun bus AGP s dng lm g? Tnh thng lng
(hay di thng) ca bus AGP 1x nu bit rng bus l 32 bit, tn s bus l
66MHz?40) Cu hi: Di thng ca bus l g? n v o di thng? Cng thc tnh di
thng? Yu t no nh hng n di thng ca bus? So snh di thng ca mt bus
song song 8 bit v mt bus ni tip c cng tn s truyn?41) Cu hi: Lp bng
so snh bus ISA v bus PCI v cc c tnh sau: rng d liu, rng a ch, tc
bus (tn s bus), kch thc ca bus, kh nng chng nhiu xuyn m, kiu kch
pht ca tn hiu ngt, h tr chia s ngt, kh nng cu hnh t ng plug-n-play,
ph thuc vo b vi x l? Tnh di thng ca hai bus ISA v PCI s dng cc gi
tr rng d liu v tn s trn?42) Cu hi: Trnh by v giao din USB: chc nng,
kiu truyn d liu (ni tip, song song), tc truyn, t chc ghp ni (t-p)
ch-t? Hy cho bit s lng thit b USB ni vi ch USB? Cp truyn USB: cu
to, di, k thut chng nhiu ng truyn? 43) Cu hi: Trong my tnh hin nay,
bus h thng (ni CPU-b nh) v bus vo/ra (ni CPU-ngoi vi) c lm vic cng
mt tn s khng? Ti sao? Thit b no trn h thng Bus ca my tnh m bo cho
cc b phn trn lm vic cc tn s khc nhau?44) Cu hi: Th no l bus h thng
trong my tnh? Bus h thng gm nhng bus con no? Chc nng ca tng bus con
? rng ca bus a ch, bus d liu xc nh kh nng g ca my tnh? Di thng ca
bus ph thuc vo nhng yu t g? Ti sao?45) Cu hi: Phng php phc v ngoi
vi bng ngt c u im g so vi phng php phc v ngoi vi bng phng php hi
vng? Qui trnh thc hin ca b vi x l khi c mt ngt c kch hot? ngha ca
bit c ngt IF (Interrupt Flag) i vi ngt cng? Lnh phn mm che (cm) v
khng che (cho php) ngt?46) Cu hi: Di thng ca Bus l g? n v o di
thng? Cc bin php tng di thng ca Bus my tnh? Cc loi Bus ISA, MCA,
EISA, PCI, AGP c pht trin theo tiu ch no? Cc loi Bus va k trn Bus
no c h tr Plug and Play?47) Cu hi: Thit b c gi l Cu ni bridge trn
cc my tnh hin nay dng thc hin chc nng g? C my loi cu v mi loi dng
kt ni gia b phn no vi nhau?48) Cu hi: S lng ngoi vi ti a m my tnh c
th qun l c bng cng COM l bao nhiu? Cng LPT l bao nhiu? kim tra s c
mt ca cc cng , ngi ta dng phng php no? Cng USB l bao nhiu? Gii thch
l do ti sao giao din qua cng USB li cho php qun l s ngoi vi n 127
thit b?49) Cu hi: Th no l byte thuc tnh trong b nh Video RAM. Cho
bit card mn hnh ca my tnh ang ch 02: vn bn, phn gii 80 ct x 25 dng,
a ch b nh Video bt u t B8000h. Xc nh a ch logic ca byte k t v byte
thuc tnh ng vi v tr dng 12 ct 20 trn mn hnh.BI TP1) Bi tp: Lp trnh
hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 t ch
mn hnh l 02h. Sau , s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=13h hin th ln mn hnh my
tnh dng ch: HOC VIEN KTQS c thuc tnh l nn ch vng (4Eh) bt u ti v tr
ct 15, dng 20.2) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l
.COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp ch mn hnh 03.Sau , s dng ngt
INT 10h/AH=13h hin th ln mn hnh bt u ti v tr ct 30, dng 12, chui k
t CAU TRUC MAY TINH c thuc tnh ch mu , nn mu vng (1110_0100b).3) Bi
tp: Vit chng trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=00 thit lp tham s
truyn ca cng COM1: tc truyn 4800 baud, di d liu 7 bit, 1 bit dng (1
stop bit), kim tra li bng bit bc chn (Even Parity). Sau , kim tra
thanh ghi m pht rng (bit D5=1 ca t trng thi cng COM) th s dng ngt
INT 14h/AH=01 gi chui k t Hello! ra cng COM1. 4) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp
ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM thit lp mn hnh ch ha 13h, sau v
trn mn hnh mt ng dc bt u t to ct 62 hng 60 (62,60) n to ct 62 hng
30 (62,30).5) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM
s dng ngt INT 21h/AH=9 hin th thng bo: Nhan phim:. Sau , dng ngt
INT16h/AH=00 c k t t bn phm v hin k t ra mn hnh bng ngt INT
10h/AH=0Eh. Qu trnh c lp lin tc cho n khi bn n phm ESC c m ASCII l
1Bh chng trnh s kt thc. 6) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn
m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp mn hnh ch 0, sau s dng
ngt INT 10h/AH=09 hin th ln mn hnh bt u ti v tr c to l ct 20 , hng
12 ln lt 6 k t c m ASCII nh sau: 31h, 32h, 33h, 34h, 35h, 36h, vi
thuc tnh ch trng trn nn ?7) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c
phn m rng l .COM thit lp tham s truyn cho vi mch UART 8250 trn my
tnh c a ch gii m l 3f8h nh sau: 7 bit data, 1 bits stop, kim tra l,
tc truyn l 14.400 bps, vi tn s clock l 1,843MHz. (C th dng ngt INT
14h/AH=0 thit lp tham s truyn ca cng COM1) 8) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng
Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 16h/AH=0 c k t t bn
phm. Nu c phm c n th hin th thng bo "Phim duoc an la:" v k t. Sau
li quay li c bn phm. Chng trnh kt thc khi n phm ESC (m ASCII l
1Bh).9) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly file c phn m rng l .COM s dng
ngt INT 10h/AH=0 thit lp ch mn hnh 06 (ch mn hnh ho, phn gii
640x200, 2 mu). Sau , s dng ngt INT 10h/AH=0Ch v mt ng cho mu trng
t im nh c to (60,60) n to (40,40).10) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng Assembly
file c phn m rng l .COM s dng ngt INT 16h/AH=0 lin tc c d liu t bn
phm. Nu k t c nhn l b th bt loa bng cch t 2 bit D1, D0 ca cng ra vi
a ch 61h u bng 1. Sau , quay li c d liu bn phm. Nu c phm bt k c nhn
(khng phi phm b) th loa tt bng cch xa 2 bit D1, D0 ca cng 61h. Ri
quay li c bn phm.11) Bi tp: Vit chng trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT
14h/AH=00 thit lp tham s truyn ca cng COM1: tc 4800 baud, di d liu
7 bit, 1 bit dng (1 stop bit), kim tra li bng bit bc chn (Even
Parity). Sau , kim tra c d liu nhn (bit D0=1 ca t trng thi cng COM)
th s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=02 nhn k t t cng COM1, ri ct vo b nh bt u t
a ch DS:200h. Nu nhn c k t Esc (m ASCII l 1Bh) th kt thc chng trnh.
12) Bi tp: Lp trnh hp ng s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=1 khi to cng my in
LPT1. Sau kim tra trng thi cng my in. Nu trng thi my in sn sng (bit
D7=1 trng thi cng my in), th s dng ngt INT 14h/AH=0 in ra chui k t
I print a message. Sau thot ra.
