De Cuong Full an Toan Điện

7/25/2019 De Cuong Full an Toan in

1/12

iiI. Tm hiu v R le bo v chng r dng cho mng in h m! h"m l.Trong mng in h p ni chung v m hm l ni ring, khi c s c chm

t m t ph! ho"c r in r! v thi#t $%, &ng r c gi tr% nh kh'ng ( ) $*o v c

i tc ng+ #u &ng r t-n ti l.u c th) g./ ngu/ hi)m cho ng01i, thi#t $% v g./ch/ n2 h3n h4p kh'ng kh5 m+ Tr01ng h4p 6u nht l in p c(! ph! chm t $7ng 8 v in p 9 ph! cn li t:ng ln $7ng in p &./, nh th(ng cch in c(!cp g./ ng;n mch 9 ph!+ l?r chng chm t v r in+

# $ ngu%&n l' chung (u l) b* chng dng r cho mng cung c( + h, - d %/ 0 h, v1 0 h, 2 d %

@) cA th), s!u ./ 6in giBi thiu vC "c i)m v ngu/n lD lm vic c(! 9 loi

r>l? r th01ng &Eng trong m hm l l FGHIJKK8LMN8O v PFJN9++. Rle r in 34567089*/ Cu to

Q phng n2 c &ng hRnh trA chi! lm 9 ng:n, m t ng:n $ tr5 cc cSc u&./ v m t ng:n $ tr5 cc linh kin+ ;p c(! r>l? s kh'ng mU 04c n#u !ptom!tkh'ng U v% tr5 c;t+ Trn n;p c $ tr5 nVt ki)m tr! v l3 nh c l;p k5nh ) th?o &W

-ng h- k +

XY, X 9, X MZ [! cSc u in vo+\]Z Gptom!t

^\Z cu n c*m khng\Z cu n r>l?

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2/12

XZ `n $oHaZ Vt thb r^ Z cSc ti#p tdHZ cu n u &./ tBi cu n c;t dH

^Ye ^9 e^M e^fZ @i tY Y8 Z cc in trU Y f Z cc tA in

k Z -ng h- $o in trU cch in

*/ Nguyn tc hot ng @) r>l? r FGHIJMN8 lm vic ph*i u ni n vBi !ptom!t t ng G [

ho"c l?+ Hhi ng !ptom!t t ng G [ ho"c l?, in ngu-n 04c cp vo r>l?+ Trong FGHIJMN8 cu n &./r>l? \ 04c ch# to g-m h!i cu n &./ chVng c cEng s vng &./, cEng ti#t &in &./,nh0ng 04c un ng04c chiCu nh!u, ) &ng in i u! r>l? c t th'ng t2ng 6p 6

$7ng kh'ng+ Hhi in trU c(! l0Bi cn tt, &ng in r kh'ng c Lho"c u nh h>ngi tr% cho ph pO+ Hhi in trU cch in gi*m i 6 ng kh'ng c s t=p trung thR &

in m t chiCu i u! mch s!uZ 0Bi ro t cSc ti#p t M -ng h- k

cu n qq ^Y L^9 e^MO Y L 9, MO l0Bi, -ng th1i tA u song song vBi

mch c ng 04c np in+ l? ti#p tAc t:ng c!o cho khi gi tr% c(! n t:ng c!o h>n &ng h3 tr4+ Vc n/ hiu s &ng in i u! h!i cu

r>l? khc 8 v t #n gi tr% tc ng LuY u9 8O & n #n s tc ng c(! r>l? \+

@-ng th1i ti#p i)m \Y ng li ni sun cu n q v &ng in u! n $7ng 8 t:ng slm vic ch;c ch;n c(! r>l?+ #u c hin t04ng r m t ph! ngoi &ng in m t chiCuqon cn 6ut hin &ng in 6o!/ chiCu qo &o s cch in kh'ng i 6 ng ring c(! cc ph! mch in nh0 s!uZ

[n chu k &0>ng qo i th?o mch Z 0Bi in trU r ro cSc ti#p t

M -ng h- k cu n qq ^Y L^9 e^MO Y L 9, MO l0Bi+


3/12

thnh phn &ung khng c(! &ng in r+ u n ^p c h!i nc cho ph p iCu ch nh gtr% c*m khng phA thu c vo t2ng kho*ng cch c(! l0Bi in $*o v+ @) chi#u sn

cho m"t -ng h- k &Eng `n X+ Vt ki)m tr! Ha ) ki)m tr! tRnh trng c(! r>l? r+

Hhi n nVt ki)m tr! thR m t ph! trc ti#p chm r! t u! in trU YY n#u r>l? r cntt thR n s tc ng, !ptom!t t ng c;t mch in+ z t cSc c(! nVt thb r ni vBicSc ti#p t phA, cSc n/ "t cch 6! cSc ti#p t ch5nh c(! thi#t $% kh'ng nh h>n wm #u l !ptom!t t2ng s 04c u lin ng vBi r>l? r {GHI khi 6*/ r! c;t t ngn#u ng l"p li 04c ngh|! l &o cu n dH tc ng+ #u kh'ng ng l"p li 04c thR&o r>l? c01ng tc ng lVc n/ t! ph*i sb lD s c ng;n mch c(! h thng t*i ph5!s!u+ }!u mU n;p ~ ki)m tr! tRnh trng c(! thi#t $% n#u kh'ng c h0 hng t! nnVt phAc h-i s!u =/ n;p ~+ a!i cu n &./ in p Y, 9 c tc &Ang thbtRnh trng tc ng c(! r>l? c01ng cc i khi sb! ch! ho"c ki)m tr! %nh k +*/ Rle kim tra cht lng c ch i!n c"a mng #rle $%o &! r'( ) +, -. 01

~I 04c u vo ngu-n in XY X9 XM nh0 v=/ r>l? r 04c u tr0BcG[, n#u G[ c;t in thR ~I v n ki)m sot c c(! th cp m/ $i#n p #nu vo G[+ Sc ti#p t phA ^ 04c ch'n cch cSc wm+ Hhi ng !ptom!t t!/

c(! r>l? r s 6ut hin &ng in+ i* sb XY c s chnh lch in p vBi h!i ph! cnli s 6ut hin &ng in i t XY\ M w LqO N ^M XM ^f

LqqO ^9 X9+


4/12

ngh|! l tu/#n 01ng &./ ch5nh !n ton, s!u ln l04t cho t ng thi#t $% iCu khi)nlm vic+ #u ng #n thi#t $% no m 6*/ r! c;t t ng thR ch5nh thi#t $% in+ @i vBi cc khUi ng t th# h mBi c tr!ng $% r>l? $*o v r tr0Bc khi

in, nn khi ng G [ trU li khUi ng t s $o hiu s c+ [ tA in 04c m;cni ti#p vBi in khng r-i ni vo $! ph! nh7m phi h4p trU khng ) trit tiu &ngin &ung c(! cp v t giVp cho r>l? ch tc ng vBi in trU cch in+-. Rle r @378- do Trung Auc Bn Cu(>*/ Cu to

Q phng n2 c &ng hRnh trA chi! lm 9 ng:n, m t ng:n $ tr5 cc cSc u&./ v m t ng:n $ tr5 cc linh kin+ ;p c(! r>l? s kh'ng mU 04c n#u !ptom!t

kh'ng U v% tr5 c;t+ Trn n;p c $ tr5 nVt ki)m tr! v l3 nh c l;p k5nh ) th?o &W-ng h- k +

*/ Nguyn l2 hot ng 3 4 5 i!n, Q, j Z $! cSc u in voT Z cu n c;t

Z !ptom!t t ng phng n2} Z Gptom!t c(! r>l?

Y e 9 Z cu chR $*o v[Y e [9 e [Me [fZ cc cu ni chu/)n mchQY e Q9 e QMZ cc `n < Li t pht u!ngO

Qf Qx Z cc ch nh l0u

QN QYN Z cc i t

Y Z cc tA in

Y 9Y Z cc in trU

QY Z Th/ristor Y e 9 Z T2 h4p q Lvi mchOHY Z cu n &./ r>l? v cc ti#p i)m c(! n

&Z Sc ti#p t ch5nh

&Z cSc ti#p t phA Lmch thb rO

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5/12

k Z @-ng h- o in trU cch in

}[ Z Vt thb r\Y Z [i#n trU

< Z cu n $E in7 Dch >c *ng cE, rle g$m cc b* hFn B,u?

Qi mch so snh Y+ Qi mch th ! hnh 9+ zch tr th1i gi!n+ zch iCu khi)n

3 Nguyn l2 l6m &i!cHhi r>l? 04c u vo l0Bi in, n#u in trU cch in c(! l0Bi tt Lkh'ng

c &ng in rO, thR &ng in trong mch rt nh v &ng in i nh0 s!uZ

c L O cu ch nh l0u Qf Qx tr!nsistor QYN -ng h- k cSc ti#p t

& in trU cc in c(! l0Bi Lin &ung c(! l0Bi so vBi tO l0Bi in

cc cu n &./ c(! m/ $i#n p M ph! $ lSc ki)u in khng l? U trng thi $Rnh th01ng+Hhi in trU cch in c(! l0Bi in gi*m u gi tr% cho ph p ho"c khi c hin t04nr in, &ng in trong mch t:ng ln v t5n hiu trn $i#n trU \Y ( lBn, u! K#n cc M c(! Y+ Hhi t5n hiu u vo vi mch so snh Y ( lBn, & n #n Y lvic, U u r! c(! Y c t5n hiu, t5n hiu n/ i u! Y8 cp tBi u vo vi mch iCkhi)n 9 lm cho 9 lm vic v U u r! c(! 9 c t5n hiu, t5n hiu n/ i u! i tQY9, u! in trU YM #n cc iCu khi)n Th/sistor QY, iCu khi)n QY mU r!, r>HY lm vic, ng ti#p i)m th01ng mU HYJY trn mch c(! cu n ng;t T, cu n ng;tlm vice lm cho !ptom!t tc ng ng;t in ngu-n, $*o *m !n ton cho mngin v cho ng01i khi ti#p 6Vc vBi l0Bi ine -ng th1i ti#p i)m th01ng ng HYJM

mU r! lm cho `n < QY, QM t;t+

\ ! g ? w _ Y9


6/12

7 Dch >hG r

n nVt thb r }[, &ng in c gi tr% ( lBn i t cc L O cu ch nh l0u QfJQx tr!nsistor QYN -ng h- k cSc ti#p t & t cSc ti#p t & nVt

n }[ Y Ll0Bi in MN8QO, ho"c 9 Ll0Bi in KK8QO cu ni [M cu chR

9 cu n &./ c(! m/ $i#n p M ph! $ lSc ki)u in khng ng t nh0 trn

# $ (u ni r le r @378- vHi 4 >om,> 4

\ ! g ? K _ Y9


7/12

*/ 7t 89 h:nh %nh c"a c c $ R le ch9ng r';

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8/12

II. Tm hiu v rle chng giF> JKLM hoNc RMM O >r&n mN> bPng cQng nghid n d ngS

:; 5hi nim? >l? chng gi=t L [ J !rth l?!k!g? circuit $r?!k?rO ho"c

L [ J ?si&u!l curr?nt circuit $r?!k?rO h!/ cn 04c gSi l !ptom!t chng gi=t, lthi#t $% t ng c;t mch in khi c s c r in+ ng ging nh0 m t Gptomth'ng th01ng, [ c ng c tc &Ang $*o v u t*i v ng;n mch cho mng in+

:; ng d ng? [ th01ng 04c l;p "t trong cc mng in gi! Rnh, v:n phng c'ng t/ lm vic ho"c cc ph.n 60Ung s*n 6ut trn m"t $7ng c'ng nghip, )*m $*o !n ton cho con ng01i v cc thi#t $%, ti s*n khi s ngu/ hi)m khi c s cr in+

:; h,m B c bn cE, KLMZ m, qm, qc+m, qr+t

trong Zqr+t gi tr% &ng r tc ng c(! [, gi tr% n/ &o con ng01i ci "t

LM8mG, Y88mG, M88mGO+c gi tr% Y88mG v M88mG th01ng &Eng cho cc [ t2ng+

Th?o ngu/n lD tc ng c(! [, s!u ./ s i giBi thiu 9 loi [ tc ng th?o in p v th?o &ng in++. KLM >c *ng >heo in >hU >V WhQng?

gu/n lD lm vic c(! !ptom!t chng gi=t th?o in p th t kh'ng kh >n

gi*n+ z t cc c(! cu n &./ r>l? in p 04c ni vBi v kim loi c(! thi#t $% in ) $*o v chng r r &ng in r! t, cc khc 04c k#t ni trc ti#p vBi t+ #u 6*/ $t k s c r in h!/ m t ph! c(! mng in chm r! v c(! thi#t $% thR s 6ut him t in p th t kh'ng v n#u in p th t kh'ng n/ c gi tr% lBn h>n gi tr%ch nh %nh ci "t tr0Bc thR $*o v s tc ng c;t ngu-n in cp cho thi#t $%+

\ ! g ? N _ Y9


9/12

# $ ngu%&n l' KLM >c *ng >heo >hU >V WhQng

-. KLM >c *ng >heo dng in >hU >V WhQng[ tc ng th?o &ng in c ngu/n lD hot ng rt >n gi*n, U ch#

lm vic $Rnh th01ng, &ng in i t ngu-n #n t*i r-i trU vC ngu-n, v &ng in $7ng in vC Lqi qvCO+ h0ng khi c s c r in ho"c ng;n mch m t ph! thR trongmng in sinh r! &ng in th t kh'ng, v n#u &ng in th kh'ng n/ c gi tr%lBn h>n gi tr% ch nh %nh cho tr0Bc thR $*o v s tc ng c;t mng in+

t s> - mng in Y ph! nh0 hRnh M+

# $ ngu%&n l' KLM >c *ng >heo dng in >rong mng in + h,

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10/12

s> - trn [ 04c l;p vo mng in m t ph!+ cu to rt >n gi*n,ch g-m m t $i#n &ng ) o gi tr% &ng in th t kh'ng, $i#n &ng n/ &Eng ch5Y &./ ph! v &./ trung t5nh c(! mng in ) lm &./ un s> cp v un u!nh lWi

th p c(! $i#n &ng l cu n &./ th cp T c 9 u 04c ni vBi r>l? &ng in+ ch# lm vic $Rnh th01ng &ng in i t ngu-n u! &./ ph! v u! t*i r-i

u! &./ trung t5nh vC ngu-n, nh0 v=/ &ng in u! &./ ph! v &./ trung t5nh c lBn $7ng nh!u v ng04c chiCu nh!u+ Hhi t th'ng t2ng &o &ng in sinh r! tronglWi th p c(! $i#n &ng $7ng 8 L&o chVng ng04c chiCu nn trit tiu l n nh!uO &o s c in ng c*m ng U &./ un th cp c(! $i#n &ng $7ng 8 v &ng in i ur>l? &ng in $7ng 8+

Hhi c s c r in, lVc n/ m t phn &ng in r i 6ung t, t th'ng t2ngtrong lWi th p c(! $i#n &ng khc kh'ng v c m t s c in ng c*m ng $n ph5!th cp c(! m/ $i#n &ng v sinh r! m t &ng in th t kh'ng i u! r>l? &ngin+ Hhi &ng th t kh'ng i u! r> l? lBn h>n gi tr% ch nh %nh "t tr0Bc thR $*s c;t ngu-n cp cho thi#t $%+

*/ C? trong th@c tA;

\ ! g ? Y8 _ Y9


11/12

III. 5hi >X chUc >hiY> WY cung c( in cho mng in cQng nghi >r&n mN> bPnYu >Znh Yn %Yu > ,n >o1n >h c"n l1m >hY n1o m bo ,n >o1n in giF>

Hhi t2 ch c thi#t k# cung cp in cho mng in c'ng nghip trn m"t $7ng,

n#u t5nh #n cc /#u t !n ton in gi=t cn thc hin cc $in php *m $*o !n tonin gi=t nh0Z ni t $*o v, ni kh'ng, l;p "t r>l? chng gi=t, l! chSn Vng cc phn tb trong h thng cung cp in, sb &Ang cc thi#t $% v k5n, tr!ng $% kh! ng ng:n kh'ng cho con ng01i chm vo cc $ ph=n m!ng in, sb &Ang in pthp vBi nhng thi#t $% h!/ ti#p 6Vc vBi con ng01i, $Sc cch in cc $ ph=n $7nkim loi c(! thi#t $% in,+Y+ @i vBi mng in h p c'ng nghip th'ng th01ng trn m"t $7ng, th01ng sb

&Ang mng in trung t5nh ni t, &o ) *m $*o !n ton in gi=t lu'n p &A $in php ni &./ trung t5nh -ng th1i ni t $*o v phA cho cc thi#t $% in+9+ i t l"p li &./ trung t5nh $*o v v thc hin ni t mnh vng vBi cc icc ti#p t 04c ph.n $ r*i Cu trn &in t5ch $ tr5 thi#t $% nh7m chng pht sin p $0Bc khi c ng;n mch chm t+M+ zAc 5ch ni v thi#t $% trong mng c'ng nghip c &./ trung t5nh ni t nh7m $i#n s chm v thnh &ng ng;n mch Y ph! c gi tr% lBn ) $*o v nh!nchng tc ng loi tr s c $*o *m !n ton cho con ng01i khi chm vo thi#t $%+f+ Hi)m tr! tr% s in trU ni t trong mng ti#p t !n ton lu'n *m $*o phE h4vBi in p l0Bi in cung cp+w+ \hm vi ng &Ang c(! ni t $*o vZ

J zng in 6o!/ chiCu M ph! f &./ in p #n Y888Q c trung t5nh ni ttrc ti#pZ KK8MN8, MN8998, 998Y9x Q, trong ph2 $i#n nht l mng MN899

J zng in 6o!/ chiCu Y ph! 9 &./ sb &Ang cho m/ c'ng cA cm t!/ h!/mng in chi#u sng, sinh hot+ Lzng Y ph! M &./ c cc O

@) kh*o st tc &Ang c(! vic ni t $*o v t! c th) th!m kh*o v5 &A s!u ./Z[Z d ? ho mng in MN8998 Q c trung t5nh ni t trc ti#p v thi#t $%

l;p vo mng c v ni t $*o v+i* sb in trU ni t c(! i)m trung t5nh ngu-n l o f, in trU ni t

c(! v thi#t $% vBi t f, in trU c> th) ng01i n Y888+

\ ! g ? YY _ Y9


12/12

i* sb ng01i chm v v c(! thi#t $% khi ph! G c(! mng in chm vo v

thi#t $%+J Hhi ch0! c $*o v ni t thR &ng in u! ng01i khi ng01i 04c 6c %nhZ

+ 998 8,99f Y888

f n

o n

U I

R R= = =

+ + G

J Hhi thc hin $*o v ni t, &ng in u! ng01i 04c 6c %nhZ+ 998+f 8,YY

L O+ Lf fO+Y888 f d

no d n

U R I

R R R= = =

+ + G

T k#t u* t5nh ton trn th/ 04c khi thc hin ni t $*o v thR &ng iu! ng01i gi*m i so vBi khi ch0! thc hin ni t $*o v, tu/ nhin gi tr% v n

ch0! ( ) *m $*o !n ton cho con ng01i+Q=/ cn ph*i thc hin ni &./ trung t5nh ) $i#n s chm v thnh ng;n mch

Y ph! ) $*o v cc i c th) tc ng nh!nh chng *m $*o !n ton cho con ng01ikhi chm ph*i thi#t $%+

i* sb th1i gi!n tc ng c(! Gptom!t ng vBi &ng ng;n mch Y ph! trongmng 8,89s, khi in l04ng u! c> th) ng01i 04c 6c %nhZ

q t+qn 8,89+8,YY+Y888 9,9 mGs w8 mGsi tr% &ng u! ng01i nh h>n gi tr% &ng !n ton kho*ng kh;c nn con ng01i

s hon ton !n ton khi s c 6*/ r!+

\ ! g ? Y9 _ Y9

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De Cuong Full an Toan Điện