Day 6 September 12 Chapter 3 Scribd

8/4/2019 Day 6 September 12 Chapter 3 Scribd

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September 12th

Last time

Macromolecules carbs, lipids,

proteins, nucleic acids

Basics of cells

THE EXAM


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How did you feel about the exam?

1. I was ready, and I did well

2. I was ready, but I didnt do well

3. I wasnt sure I was ready, but I feel I did well4. I wasnt ready, and I bombed!

5. IDK???


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Humans, deep down, maybe part bacteria.

How can that be?


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3-4. All cells are bordered by plasmamembranes.


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Why are plasma membranes suchcomplex structures?

They perform several critical functions.

Food and nutrients in

Water in

Waste out

Export molecules

Absorb or release heat


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3.5 Molecules embedded within the plasmamembrane help it perform its functions.


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What determines whether a protein resides on thesurface or extends through the bilayer?


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There are four primary types of membraneproteins, each of which performs a different

function.


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The Plasma MembraneFluid Mosaic

In addition to proteins, two other moleculesare found in the plasma membrane:

1. Short, branched carbohydrate chains

2. Cholesterol lipid (keeps it flexible)


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3.6 Faulty membranes can causedisease.

Cystic Fibrosis


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3.7 Membrane surfaces have a

fingerprint that identifies the cell.

Cells with an improper fingerprint arerecognized as foreign and are attacked by

your bodys defenses.


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Why is it extremelyunlikely that a

person will catch

HIV from casualcontactsuch as

shaking handswith

an infectedindividual?


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Diffusion and Concentration Gradients

Solutes

Solvents


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How do laxatives relieve constipation?

Milk of magnesia and magnesium salts

Water moves via osmosis from the cells

into the intestines.


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Three types of endocytosis:

1. Phagocytosis

2. Pinocytosis

3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis


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How can a lack of communicationbetween cells lead to cancer?

Contact inhibition

Tumors


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Plasmodesmata

Tube-like channels connecting the cells toeach other and enabling communicationand transport between them

Consider a plant as one big cell?


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3.14 Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton:the cells internal environment,

physical support, and movement.


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Cytoskeleton:Three Chief Purposes


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Endosymbiosis

Mitochondria may have existed asseparate single-celled, bacteria-likeorganisms billions of years ago.

Mitochondria have their own DNA!


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We all have more DNA fromone parent than

the other.

Who is the bigger contributor:mom or dad?

Why?


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Lysosomes

round, membrane-enclosed, acid-filledvesicles that function as garbage disposals


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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum


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The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum


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How can long-term use of onedrug increase your resistance to

another, different drug that youhave never encountered?


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3.18 Golgi apparatus: Where the cellprocesses products for delivery

throughout the body


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3.19 The cell wall

provides additionalprotection and supportfor plant cells


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3.20 Vacuoles:multipurposestorage sacs for

cells


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3.21

Chloroplasts:the plantcells power

plant


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Day 6 September 12 Chapter 3 Scribd