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Issues at nexus of energy/Water/climate/air pollution ( newcap ) on sustainable environmental development . David T. Shaw ( 蕭台戈 ) State University of New York at Buffalo Amherst, NY . Outline. Review of issues at the nexus of energy/water/climate/air pollution (NEWCAP) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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November 11-14, 2012 近代工程研討會 Taipei, Taiwan
ISSUES AT NEXUS OF ENERGY/WATER/CLIMATE/AIR POLLUTION (NEWCAP)
ON
SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT
David T. Shaw (蕭台戈 )State University of New York at Buffalo
Amherst, NY
Review of issues at the nexus of energy/water/climate/air pollution (NEWCAP)
Perspective of energy sustainability Perspective of water sustainability Issues at the energy/water nexus Sustainability science: How we should transform to
a sustainable society. Summary
Outline
Energy
Taiwan’s Transition to Sustainability
Water
November 11-14, 2012 近代工程研討會 Taipei, Taiwan
To be competitive in the global markets, Taiwan needs plans for sustainable development of energy and water resources.
The country’s political system is perpetually planning for the next election cycle and is incapable of laying out roadmaps for transitions to energy and water sustainability.
German’s green revolution
Water- resour
ce stress
Change in groundwate
r
Change in Precipitation extremes
Water efficiency
and productivity
6
Agriculture demand for
water
Severe floods and droughts
Substitution, reduction
And regeneration
Drivers of water-resource stress
Effects of combustion emissions on precipitation extremes
Cloud formation from emissions from ocean liners
Cloud formation processes
How can humans affect clouds?By changing CCN; cloud properties are a strong function of their concentration.This phenomenon is known as aerosol indirect effect.
The aerosol indirect effect can lead to climatic cooling by:• Increasing cloud reflectivity (albedo)• Increasing cloud lifetime & coverage.
Clean Environment
CCN
Lower Albedo
Polluted Environment (few CCN)
(more CCN)
CCN
Higher Albedo
Asian pollution plumes.Is the indirect effect globally important?Biomass burning in the Amazon.
Pollution is a global problem. CCN are emitted together with greenhouse gases.
Is the indirect effect important?
AerosolSize Distribution and Chemical Composition
Cloud Radiative Properties
Cloud Droplet Number and Size? Well
Defined
This problem has historically been reduced to finding the relationship between aerosol number concentration and cloud droplet number concentration. Empirical relationships are often used.
Indirect effect s are very complex
Conceptual model:
Graphics by Robert Simmon, NASAHAIL
Conceptual model of aerosol effects…
Water efficiency and productivity
Domestic vs. industrial water usasage
Jianyao Chen, et al (2006)
Water scarcity affects economic development in the underdeveloped countries
Water scarcity
It’s also important for biodiversity in the developed country
Substitution: Rainwater (from roof) and graywater (laundry, dishwasher, and bathing) can be used in place of drinking water for a variety of activities.
Water efficiency and productivity
Regeneration: Domestic waste water can be treated to replenish groundwater
Reduction: water productivity can be increased by reducing the volume of water used for a fixed value of goods and services.
In addition to resource augmentation, water efficiency and productivity are important
Resource augmentation
Folsom dam, California
Many world’s major rivers never reach their deltas
Water resources under stress
ColoradoYellowNile
Desalination
Reclamation
Groundwater depletion and replenishment
The imbalance is made up by groundwater
All of these environmental issues are linked to each other, and eventually are tied to water resources which are the
focus of our discussion.
Hydrology cycle and water resources
Taikan Oki et al, Science (2006)
November 11-14, 2012 近代工程研討會 Taipei, Taiwan
Two GRACE satellites The positions of which change in response to variations in Earth’s gravity field
Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE)
When the two spacecraft pass over the ocean, the distance between them is unchanged
How GRACE works
when the lead spacecraft encounters a change in gravity over a denser land mass, it pulls away from the trailing spacecraft, which is still over water.
The lead spacecraft moves back over water, but now the trailing spacecraft changes position in response to the greater pull of gravity over the land mass.
Water and energy security in Asia-Pacific region in the face of climate change and rising populations is an issue of global importance.
Sustainability science has emerged over the past two decades as a response to critical issues of the 21st century.
As the 2008 global financial crisis showed us, too many policy failures of technological/economic/environmental/social (TEEC) problems are fundamentally failures of knowledge.o Germany’s carbon-neutral energy revolution is facing many uncertainties.o We propose to pursue a multidisciplinary approach and establish new sustainability science
institutions for efficient knowledge creation through TEEC model simulation and integrative systems design.
Summary