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y Computer data processing is any process that a computerprogram
does to enter data and summarise, analyse orotherwise convert data
into usable information.
y The process may be automated and run on a computer. Itinvolves
recording, analysing, sorting, summarising,calculating,
disseminating and storing data.
y Because data is most useful when well-presented
andactuallyinformative, data-processing systems are oftenreferred
to as information system.
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ONLINE
BATCH
REAL-TIME
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y Online processing is what you're doing right now.
y The application is waiting for you to tell it what to do,
and it does it when you tell it to.
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Definition
Data is processed immediately while it isentered, the user
usually only has to wait a short timefor a response. (eg. games,
word processing, bookingsystems). Interactive or online processing
requires a
user to supply an input.
Advantage
Interactive or online processing enables the user
to input data and get the results of the processing ofthat data
immediately.
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y In the bank example, accepting data for transactionsand
calculating the available balance would be done
online.
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y Batch processing refers to applications that are run
inbatches.
y Here, all the data is stored and presented to the
program(s)
to handle them at once, in one or more large bundles
or"batches."
y The input records are held in a file or files which are
inputin one go to the batch process which deals with all
records
without any further interaction.
y This is typically done without user interaction,
meansautomatic.
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DefinitionTo process a large set of data in a specific way,
automatically, without needing any user intervention.The data is
first collected, and then batch-processed,so all the collected data
is processed in one go. .
AdvantageIt is possible to perform repetitive tasks on a
large
number of pieces of data rapidly without needing the
user to monitor it.
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y Real-time processing refers to applications that needto
respond within a certain amount of time usually
on the order of seconds to get the job done.
y Real time processing is a subset of online processing.
y This system doesn't need a user to control it, it
worksautomatically.
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Definition
Input is continuously, automatically acquiredfrom sensors, for
example, which is processed immediatelyin order to respond to the
input in as little time as possible.After the system is
finishedresponding it reads the
next set of input dataimmediately to process that.
AdvantageWhenever there is a rapid reaction required due to
some sort of change, real time processing can take actionwithout
the need of a user or long processing timebeforehand.
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Examples include,
rocket telemetry processing
many military applicationsflight systems
industrial automation and control systems.
For example,
If something goes wrong in a factory, a real-timesystem needs to
be able to detect the situation and
perform some action, such as notifying an operator orshutting
down the problem area, within a few seconds.
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