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Recommendation Report for use of Prefabricate Modular Housing in Disaster Sheltering
Collaborative ResearchTeam:
Amr FouadAtefeh AbtahiHarman GillMaryam FarhoodiWajdi Merhi Course:CCMN 432
AgendaAudience AnalysisProblem StatementPurpose StatementImplementation PerspectivesSocietal PerspectivesBusiness PerspectivesEnvironmental PerspectivesConclusion
Audience (Organization Profile)
Disaster Assistance Response Team: DART
The Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) works under the Canadian Military, it provides immediate response in case of disasters; from natural disasters to complex humanitarian emergencies."Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART)." Government of Canada, National Defence, Canadian Army. N.p., n.d.
Audience (Organization Profile)
DART OBJECTIVES
To provide basic medical careTo produce safe drinking waterTo make communications easier To repair and build basic infrastructure: build roads, bridges, supplies and housing
Audience (Organization Profile) Audience (Organization Profile)
The DART provides construction and engineering supports and as part of this mission, provides temporary housing. (DART, 2014)
DART (Disaster Assistance Response Team)
Problem Statement
During 2011, Slave lake wildfire in Canada forced the complete evacuation of Slave Lakes 7,000 Residence
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (May 19, 2011). "Slave Lake residents learn fire ruined 374 properties". Retrieved May 25, 20 11
8
Problem Statement
In June 2013, Alberta floods displaced about 100,000 people and damaged caused was about $7 billion (Lamphier, 2013).
Lamphier Gary (June 25,2013).Edmonton Journal.Retrieved June 25, 2013.
Problem Statement
Accommodation Phases
Emergency shelter : public shelter, refugeTemporary shelter : tent and plastic sheetsTemporary Housing :Transitional Live in a temporary location Retune to Normal Daily Life
Permanent housing : return to homeQuarantelli,E.L. (1995). Patterns of sheltering and housing in US disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management.
Problem Statement
Protection from climate
Emergency SHELTER in Natural Disasters. (n.d.). Retrieved from International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies website: http://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/.../Shelter%20in%20Natural%20Disasters.pptx
Security and personal safety
Problem Statement
Health Benefits and resistance to disease
Basic human dignity
Emergency SHELTER in Natural Disasters. (n.d.). Retrieved from International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies website: http://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/.../Shelter%20in%20Natural%20Disasters.pptx
Privacy
Reducing risks and vulnerabilities
Maximising household livelihood Provision of adequatespace for daily life activities
Porpuse Statement
Emergency SHELTER in Natural Disasters. (n.d.). Retrieved from International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies website: http://www.ifrc.org/PageFiles/.../Shelter%20in%20Natural%20Disasters.pptx
Purpose Statement
Considering the drawbacks, the primary concern is to identify whether the prefabricated modular housing system is a valid solution to provide residence due to natural disasters . Implementation Perspective
Introductio prefabrication Advantages Fast Pace constructionSolution to labor Shortage DrawbacksTransport of Home PackagesLong Term Perspective
Agenda
Temporary Housing
Provide Comfort Temporay
Prefabricated Modular Housing
Introduction
Prefabricated Housing IntroductionPrefabrication is an off-site manufacturing process .Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in a factory , and transporting complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located. Fast Modular building institue
Advantages
Smith, Ryan E (2010). Prefab architecture: A guide to modular design and construction. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons.
Fast Pace Construction60-80% completedReduction of Site Preparation AdvantagesSmith, Ryan E (2010). Prefab architecture: A guide to modular design and construction. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons.
FOUNDATION PLACEMENTEXCAVATIONTIME SAVING
Weather Advantages
Cameron,P.J., & Di,C.N. (2007). Piecing together modular: Understanding the benefits and limitations of modular construction methods for multifamily development.
15-25%PROMISE 50 % SHORTER SCHEDULE21
SOLUTION TO SHORTAGE OF LABOUR
Low level off workmanship Limitted nomber of construction labourEasy assembley process
Advantages
Watch The Video
Schoenborn, Joseph M (2012). A case study approach to identifying the constraints and barriers to design innovation for modular construction. Blacksburg, VA: University
Self- help
TRANSPORT and PROTECTION
Drawbacks
LOADPACKINGSIZEDESIGNREGULATIONTRANSPORT METHODDISTANCE AND COSTRELOAD METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION
Drawbacks
PERMITNIGHT TIME ESCORT WEATHER RESTRICTION ROAD REGULATION
COSTLYCONTAINERCARGO PACKING AND PEOTECTION
ISO L RoganA., & M LaawsonR. (n.d.). Vlue and benefits assessment of modular construction. The steel construction institute.DESIGNdecomposition ACCESS TO THE REMOTE AREA
DELIVERY DISTANCE AND COST
DrawbacksDANGEROUS ASSUMPTION250-400 MILE AS MAXIMUM COST EFFICIENT DISTANCECameron,P.J., & Di,C.N. (2007). Piecing together modular: Understanding the benefits and limitations of modular construction methods for multifamily development. DrawbacksWHAT IS THE OUTCOME OF THE IMPLEMENTATIONMAJOR QUESTIONON LONG TERMWHILE PERMANENT HOUSING IS PROVIDED
And THEY ARE NO LONGER IN USE
ReferencesBarakat, S. (2003) Housing reconstruction after conflict and disaster. Research Report. Overseas Development Institute ISSN 0 85003 695 X Cassidy Johnson , Gonzalo Lizarralde & Colin H. Davidson (2006) A systems view of temporary housing projects in post disaster reconstruction, Construction Management and Economics, 24:4, 367-378Garofolo, L., & Hill, D. (2008). Prefabricated Recovery. Retrieved from 2008 ACSA Northeast Fall Conference. Website: http://http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context =woodICI, Prefab modular homes, transportation and composite panels. (n.d.). Retrieved From http://www.innovativecompositesinc.com/Johnson,C. (2007). Impacts of prefabricated temporary housing after disasters: 1999 earthquakes in Turkey. Habitat International. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2006.03.002L RoganA., & M LaawsonR. (n.d.). Vlue and benefits assessment of modular construction. The steel construction institute.Schoenborn, Joseph M. (2012). A case study approach to identifying the constraints and barriers to design innovation for modular construction. Blacksburg, Va: University Libraries, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Retrieved from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd.../Schoenborn_JM_T_2012.pdfSmith, Ryan E (2010). Prefab architecture: A guide to modular design and construction. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons.
Societal Perspective
Societal PerspectiveIntroductionAdvantages RehabilitationSustainable DevelopmentSafety & SecuritySocial Equality DrawbacksCultural InadequacySocial VulnerabilityConclusion
Quick Response
Well Designed Rapid Deployment
House to Home The house is a machine for living L. Corbusier Rehabilitation
Sustainable development is improving the quality of human life (IUCN, 1991)
Sustainable Development Factors(Serageldin, Steer, & Cernia, 1994)Societal Cohesion helps to grow strong social fabricCultural Identity preserves community identity Eco System Integrity supporting services of value to humans
Sustainable Development
SafetyReduced onsite work-related accidents. The locals are also less prone to hazardsThermally-insulated, non-flammable modular blocks
SecurityGreat structural strength Safety & Security
Social equality refers to the equal distribution of social goods, such as income, wealth, opportunity, education, and healthcare (Scott & Marshall, 2009).
similar standardized infrastructure for all
That help fostering a relationship of mutual respect and equality Social EqualityStress if psychological needs and social needs are not addressed with modular designs (Hallick, 2012)
Challenges to accustom to predesigned homes, and design doesnt meet requirements
Cultural Inadequacy
Conflicts due to resettlement of people from various cultures, lifestyles, and beliefs at same location. Failure to envision long-term social and cultural need may lead to increased social vulnerability of traumatized people (Ingram, Franco, Rio & Khazai, 2000).
Social Vulnerability
Faster rehabilitationSafer, secure and sustainable homesModular homes can be converted to permanent housing Transition from homelessness to home ownershipRecovery from trauma of disaster Conclusion
Corbusier, L. (1986). Mass Production. In Towards a new architecture (p.249). New York: Dover PublicationHallick, J. (2012, April 4). MSpace - DSpace at UofM: Designing for disaster: transitioning from house to home. MSpace - DSpace at UofM: Designing for disaster: transitioning from house to home. Retrieved March 30, 2014, from http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5257Ingram, J. C., Franco, G., Rio, C. R., & Khazai, B. (2006). Post-disaster recovery dilemmas: challenges in balancing short-term and long-term needs for vulnerability reduction.. Emmitsburg, MD: National Emergency Training Center]. Scott, J., & Marshall, G.(2009). Justice, Social. A Dictionary of Sociology: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 13 Apr. 2014, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/ 9780199533008.001.0001/acref-9780199533008-e-1196Serageldin, I., Steer, A. D., & Cernea, M. M. (Eds.). (1994). Making development sustainable: from concepts to action (Vol. 2). World Bank Publications.World conservation strategy: living resource conservation for sustainable development. (1980). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. References
Business Perspective
Business PerspectiveAGENDAAdvantageAttributesEconomic assessmentDisadvantage
Business Perspective
The motivation for using modular construction specially after disaster situation arises because of over-riding client requirements for speed of construction, improved quality, and for early return of investment. Furthermore, there is a noticeable trend to use modular construction in social housing, where speed of construction is allied to economy of production scale, and to reduced disruption in congested inner city sites.
Key advantage of modular construction in business impact:Short build times Typically is 50-60% less than traditional on-site construction, leading to an earlier return on investment and saving in preliminaries.Economy of scale Repetition of prefabricated units leads to considerable economy of scale in production. Business Perspective
Reduced site labor requirement The erection and finishing teams, which install and complete modular buildings, involve less workers on site than traditional buildings.
Reduced professional fees Standardised design details for modular buildings simplify and reduce the need for specialist design input.
Business Perspective
The attributes of modular construction that are compatible with these objectives are:
Reduced construction costs, especially when combined with economy of scale production (10%+)
Much reduced construction time on site (50 to 60%)
Increased profitability of the industry due to economy of manufacturing scale Business Perspective
Increased site productivity (up to 50%)
Greater certainty of completion on time and to budget
Much reduced wastage in manufacture and on site
Business Perspective
Economic assessmentThe economic assessment was split into two parts:
Cost assessment:
The actual costs of using modular construction were compared to traditional construction as established through a Bill of Quantities. Business Perspective
Economic assessment
2. Financial assessment:
These benefits are related to speed of construction and improved cash flow. Business Perspective
Economic assessment
The most important financial aspects of the assessment using the Modular system that are quantified in the study are:
Savings in construction time with improved quality, leading to reduced site preliminaries and expensive call-backs.
Business Perspective
Reduction in financing cost by earlier return of initial capital, less cost of temporary accommodation and increased asset value. Business Perspective
For very specific modules the cost of making interfaces can be high (Schilling, 2000)Disadvantages Business Perspective
Environmental Perspective Environmental PerspectiveAgenda:Positive Considerations Less Construction Waste Less Materials Use Less Site Disturbance Use of Recycled Materials Use of Eco-Friendly Materials LEED DesignNegative Considerations: Design Limitation Transportation Impact
Environmental PerspectiveWe do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children (Native American Proverb)
Tara Pretends, Whispering Wind, (2008)
Environmental Perspective Less Construction Waste
Environmental Perspective Less Construction Waste
Positive Considerations Environmental PerspectiveLess Site Disturbance(Noise & Pollution)
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)(2014)
Environmental PerspectiveRecycled Materials (Green)
Positive Considerations
CE Butters Companies (2014)
http://materialicious.com/tags/compositeRecycle Earth (2014)
Environmental PerspectiveRecycled MaterialsFigure 1, http://www.thestockpile.org (2014)Positive Considerations Environmental PerspectiveRecycled Materials (LEED)
Positive Considerations
Blastr, Save The Earth (2011) Environmental PerspectiveUse of Eco-Friendly MaterialsPositive ConsiderationsBlastr, Save The Earth (2011)
Energy of LEED T.C.&F.M.(2008)Meet LEED StandardsNegative Considerations Environmental PerspectiveDesign Limitation
Zillow: Home Values in the US (2014)Negative Considerations Environmental Perspective
Modular Homes Direct, (2014)
Design LimitationNairaland Forum, (2014)Modular Homes Direct, (2014)(LEED) Design63
Negative Considerations Environmental PerspectiveTransportation Impact
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
(Traffic / Pollution)ConclusionConclusion
Conclusion
ConclusionConclusion ConclusionSocietal PerspectiveRehabilitation (Quick Response)Social AdaptationSafety & Security
Business PerspectiveQuality ImprovementSpeed of ConstructionReturn in investment
ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusionImplementation PerspectiveLabor shortageSpeed of ConstructionLomg Term Perspective
Environmental PerspectivePositive ConsiderationsNegative Consideration
Thank You Dianne
Amazing CourseCCMN 432