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Darren Wigg Bsc (Hons) Physiotherapy
Introduction
Darren Wigg Sports Physiotherapist specialising
in swimmingFormer Senior GB International
swimmer and British record holder for 200 and 400 I.M
Consultant Physiotherapist for City of Newcastle Swimming Club
Physio to the North East Beacon squad in Sunderland
Member of the GB swimming Physiotherapy team
What are your goals as coaches?•To get your swimmers to achieve their full potential?
•To have the best program in the region or country?
•To coach an Olympic medal winning athlete?
How do you achieve those goals
Effective coaching Motivational skills
?Facilities Management skills
STAY INJURY FREE!!
Swimming Injuries.......Is it a dangerous sport?
Swimming is a relatively safe sport regarding injuries
The most common problems are due to repetitive strain injuries of the shoulder and knee
Swimmer ‘s Shoulder is a repetitive strain injury which accounts for about 40% of injuries in competitive swimming
Swimmers are exposed to the injury due to the unusually high number of shoulder rotations performed by competitive swimmers each year
Have a guess how many per arm? ....................................
..............
1.32 million!
The anatomy of the shoulder
The main shoulder joint is the glenohumeral joint (ball and socket) and is inherently unstable
There are 4 main stabilising muscles around the shoulder joint
They are called the rotator cuff (RC) muscles
They all originate from the scapular
Function
Their main function is to provide stability to the joint along with the joint capsule
The RC is predisposed to injury because of the bony anatomy of the shoulder complex
How does it occur
As the arm is elevated past 70 degrees the space available for the RC tendons is significantly reduced
If there is not good rotator cuff control the tendons can become impinged between the head of the humerus below and the acromion above causing RC impingement
As the cuff has a poor blood supply healing is difficult and a vicious cycle of repetitive impingement begins
How does it occur?Swimming predominantly uses the
muscles at the front of the shoulder and chest
This can cause those muscles to become overactive and short pulling the shoulder forwards. The muscles at the back become underactive, weak and long
A forward shoulder posture is common amongst competitive swimmers and is another contributing cause of swimmers shoulder
How does it occur
Poor frontcrawl technique can predispose a swimmer to RC impingement
Insufficient trunk rotation with a pull that crosses the mid line of the body is the main causative factor
Poor core stability in the water can also contribute to the problem
Can we prevent it?Yes! Through an exercise
programme which focuses on:
Improving RC control and endurance
Restoring muscle balance around the shoulder girdle by strengthening the underactive, weak muscles and stretching the overactive tight ones
Improving your general spinal and shoulder girdle posture
Can we prevent it?
Stroke analysis and attentive coaching will help to avoid the common mistakes which contribute to swimmers shoulder
The common faults in technique that reduce efficiency also increase risk of injury
How do we manage it if it occurs?
As coaches you can help minimise time out of the water through early identification and intervention by looking out for common signs and symptoms
Catching pain in the shoulder and upper arm
Usually worse with frontcrawl or butterfly
First line treatment should be ice and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(e.g ibuprophen or volterol)
How do we manage it if it occurs?
Avoid aggravating activities – be flexible with training
Referral to sports physiotherapist ASAP
Ensure you liaise as closely as possible with them to ensure your swimmer’s optimum recovery
How do we manage it?Physiotherapy may involve the following: Prescription of RC and scapular conditioning exercises
Postural advice and exercise
Advice regarding modification of training
Manual therapy
Electrotherapy
SummaryStaying injury free is extremely important in competitive
swimmingThe most common injury in competitive swimming is
caused by impingement of the RCIt is an overuse injury caused by poor RC and scapular
controlPoor posture and technique are also contributing factorsWe can reduce the risk of injury through incorporating a
RC and scapular setting programme into our land sessions, improving our posture and working with our swimmers to improve their stroke
Any Questions?
Contact DetailsDarren Wigg Physiotherapy Ltd
Bsc (First Class HONS)[email protected]
Clinic : 0191 5200066Mobile: 07752693464