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Stereotypes & Ethnocentrism What are the dangers anthropologists face when studying culture?

Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

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Page 1: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Stereotypes  &  Ethnocentrism  What  are  the  dangers  

anthropologists  face  when  studying  culture?  

Page 2: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Esera  Tuaolo    

•   Eleven  (11)  year  NFL  career  (1991  –  2002)  -­‐  Def.  Tackle  

•     Graduated  with  a  4.0  from  Oregon  State  University    (1991)  

•   Played  in  the  1998  Super  Bowl  (w/  Atlanta  Falcons)  

•   OPENLY  GAY  

Page 3: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Cat  Stevens  (Yusef  Islam)  

 •   Singer-­‐Songwriter  from  the  1970’s  

•   Famous  for  his  soW,  acousYc  songs  

•     Converted  to  Islam  aWer  a  near-­‐fatal  boaYng  accident  in  1977  

•   Sold  all  his  rock  star  possessions  and  devoted  his  life  to  promoYng  tolerance  between  Muslims  and  non-­‐Muslims  

Page 4: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Jimi  Hendrix    

•   American  musician  /  rock  star  of  the  1960’s    •   In  1961,  aWer  being  arrested  for  stealing  cars,  given  the  opYon  of  jail  Yme  or  army  service  

•   Enlisted  as  a  paratrooper  in  the  101st  Airborne  Division  

•   Was  a  poor  soldier  and  was  dishornably  discharged  in  1962  

Page 5: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Consider  the  following  quesYon…  

•  In  your  opinion,  how  can  we  keep  stereotypes  from  becoming  self-­‐fulfilling  prophecies  in  our  community?  Explain.  

Page 6: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

What  are  the  biggest  dangers  we  face  when  studying  culture?  

•  There  are  two  (2)  major  dangers  when  cultures  interact:  –  Stereotypes  =  Over-­‐simplified  images  of  a  person  or  group  

 –  Ethnocentrism  =  The  belief  or  assumpYon  of  one  group’s  racial  superiority  over  another  

Page 7: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Carolus  Linnaeus  -­‐  Nature  Systems  (1767)  “As  with  the  study  of  plants  and  

animals,  the  human  race  is  divided  in  specific  varie8es…of  which  are  inherited  and  learned  cultural  traits.  For  Homo  European  there  is  the  inherited  traits  of  personality  governed  by  laws  with  fair  skin  and  hair.  For  Homo  American  there  is  the  cooper-­‐skin  and  personali8es  governed  by  tribal  barbaric  customs  and  tradi8ons.  Homo  Asias8c  [Asian]  culture  is  a  dark-­‐eyed  and  sooty  group  governed  by  opinions  and  Homo  African  is  governed  by  impulses  of  the  flesh  with  their  darker  skin  and  curly  hair.”  

Page 8: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Who  came  up  with  the  idea  of  ethnocentrism?  

•  “Ethnocentrism”  was  the  creaYon  of  an  American  professor  named  William  Graham  Sumner  –  (1840-­‐1910)  

•   Worked  for  Yale  University  

•  Author  /  Anthropologist  

Page 9: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

What  is  another  big  danger  we  face  when  studying  culture?  

•  Another  major  danger  when  study  culture  is  the  danger  of  Xenophobia  –  Fear  of  outsiders  

•  Diagnosed  as  a  fear  of  anyone  from  outside  one’s  own  ethnic  or  cultural  background    

Page 10: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Why  are  some  people  ethnocentric  or  xenopbic?  

•  People  will  oWen  pracYce  ethnocentrism  or  xenophobia  for  two  (2)  reasons:  1.  Know  very  lihle  about  

other  groups  –  Lack  of  educaYon  –  Lifestyle    

2.  Refuse  to  learn  about  other  groups  

–  Fear  

 

Page 11: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Meet  the  NaYves:  USA  

Page 12: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Welcome  to  Casa  D’Ice  North  Versailles,  PA  

The owner of this bar / restaurant is Bill Balsamico, a third-generation Italian-American

Page 13: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)
Page 14: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)
Page 15: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)
Page 16: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)
Page 17: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)
Page 18: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

What  happens  when  cultural  dangers  reach  their  height?  

•  When  ethnocentrism  reaches  it  height,  someYmes  more  dramaYc  events  can  happen:  

 –  AssimilaYon:  The  process  

by  which  a  minority  group  adopts  the  culture  of  the  majority  

•  Forced  •  Voluntary  

–  Ethnocide:  The  outright  destrucYon  or  exterminaYon  of  a  culture  

•  Genocide  

Page 19: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Carlisle  Indian  Industrial  School  (1879  -­‐  1918)  

Page 20: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

NaYve  American  AssimilaYon  

Page 21: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Jim  Thorpe  (1888-­‐1953)  

Page 22: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

American  AssimilaYon?  

Page 23: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

Nazi  Ethnocide  

Page 24: Dangers of Culture - Elizabethtown Area School DistrictHendrix)) •)American)musician)/)rock) star)of)the)1960’s) •)In)1961,)aer)being) arrested)for)stealing)cars,) given)the)opYon)of)jail)Yme)

How  can  we  solve  the  problem  of  ethnocentrism?  

•  The  easiest  way  to  solve  the  problem  of  ethnocentrism  is  to  gain  experience  

•  Learn  about  unfamiliar  cultures  

•  Ask  quesYons  about  other  cultures  /  read  all  you  can  

•  Be  respecnul  of  people’s  cultural  /  ethnic  differences  


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