D5 Silicone Replacement Gels - Essential Ingredients Replacement Products.pdf · D5 Silicone Replacement Gels. Contents What is Cyclopentasiloxane? ... Non volatile light emollient

Questions & Answers

D5 SiliconeReplacement

Gels

Contents What is Cyclopentasiloxane?

What current products do Elementis Specialties

have to offer as alternatives?

What new products do Elementis Specialties have

to offer as alternatives?

What are the flash points of these materials?

How do the alternatives compare for volatility?

How do the alternatives compare in feel?

How do the alternatives compare for spreading

ability?

How do the alternatives compare for interfacial surface

tension?

How do I incorporate these products into my

formulations?

Summary of results

1

A: Cyclopentasiloxane is a cyclic silicone fluid, see Figure 1. It is commonly used indeodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays, skincare and hair conditioners. Cyclopentasiloxane isan emollient which evaporates quickly leaving a smooth dry finish on the skin and hair.

Cyclopentasiloxane has been identified in Canada as a potential concern to theenvironment based on information relating to bioaccumulation.

Q: What is Cyclopentasiloxane?

Figure 1. Cyclopentasiloxane structure

Typical PropertiesProperty Specification

Appearance Clear Liquid

Flash Point (°C) 77

2

Table 1. Typical Properties of Cyclopentasiloxane

Q: What current products do Elementis Specialtieshave to offer as alternatives?

3

BENTONE GEL® products in the current Elementis Specialties product range can be used

to replace Cyclopentasiloxane containing BENTONE GEL® VS-5PC V and BENTONE

GEL® VS-5 V in a formulation. Here is a list of products currently offered by Elementis

Specialties:

BENTONE GEL® OMS V : C11-12 Isoparaffin (and) Disteardimonium

Hectorite (and) SD Alcohol Denat

Similar volatility as Cyclopentasiloxane BENTONE GEL® products

Skin conditioning emollient

BENTONE GEL® ISD V : Isododecane (and) Disteardimonium

Hectorite (and) Propylene Carbonate

Volatile emollient

Leaves a dry, non-greasy skin feel

BENTONE GEL® SS-71 V : Petroleum Distillates (and)

Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Propylene Carbonate

Volatile emollient

BENTONE GEL® PTM V : Phenyl Trimethicone (and)

Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Triethyl Citrate

Non-volatile

Gives gloss and shine

1

2

3

4

Six alternatives to BENTONE GEL® VS-5PC V and BENTONE GEL® VS-5 V, which are

made using Cyclopentasiloxane, have been developed by Elementis Specialties. These

are experimental products, which are not commercially available yet:

C13-16 Isoparaffin (and) C12-14 Isoparaffin (and) C13-15 Alkane (and)

Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Triethyl Citrate

Provides superior spreading and lubricity properties with unique volatility and

solubility characteristics.

Isononyl Isononanoate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (and)

Propylene Carbonate

Non volatile light emollient with soft, non greasy skin feel

Excellent spreadability

Methylheptyl Isostearate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (and)

Propylene Carbonate

Non volatile skin conditioning emollient

Methyl Trimethicone (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Triethyl

Citrate

Volatile silicone with low freezing point

Volatility similar to Cyclopentasiloxane

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite

(and) Propylene Carbonate

Extremely light, non-greasy, velvety dry ester.

Ultra-dry initial feel and subtle after feel similar to Cyclopentasiloxane

Trisiloxane (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (and) Triethyl Citrate

Highly volatile Polydimethylsiloxane

Q: What new products do Elementis Specialties haveto offer as alternatives?

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

5

Q: What are the flash points of these materials?

Table 2. Flash points of raw materials

Raw Material Flash Point (°C) Flash Point (°F)

Cyclopentasiloxane 77 171

C11-12 Isoparaffin >56 >133

Isododecane 43 109

Petroleum Distillates 49 120

Phenyl Trimethicone 101 214

C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14 Isoparaffin, C13-15

Alkane

57 134

Isononyl Isonananoate 145 290

Methylheptyl Isostearate >170 >338

Methyl Trimethicone 64 148

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate 190 374

Trisiloxane 30 86

6

Volatility Test MethodAll BENTONE GEL® products, Cyclopentasiloxane alternatives and the individual solvents

used to make the BENTONE GEL® products were evaluated for volatility. 1g of product

was spread evenly on a piece of filter paper in a petri dish. This was stored at 25°C and

65% relative humidity. The weight of the petri dish was measured at intervals of 10

minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours.

Figure 2. Volatility testing

7

All BENTONE GEL® products and Cyclopentasiloxane alternatives were evaluated for

volatility as described on page 6. Figure 3 shows the volatility of all the products. The

BENTONE GEL® made with Trisiloxane was the most volatile. BENTONE GEL® PTM V

and those made with Methylheptyl Isostearate, Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate and

Isononyl Isonananoate were not volatile.

Q: How do these products compare for volatility?%

Vol

atili

ty

10

20

30

60

40

50

70

Volatility of BENTONE GEL® Products and Alternatives to Cyclopentasiloxane

Figure 3. Volatility of BENTONE GEL® products and alternatives

BENTONE GEL® OMS V

BENTONE GEL® ISD V

BENTONE GEL® SS-71 V

BENTONE GEL® PTM VMethylheptyl Isostearate

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate

C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14Isoparaffin, C13-15 Alkane

Isononyl Isonananoate

Methyl Trimethicone

Trisiloxane

Time (minutes)0 20 40 60 12080 100 140 160 180

BENTONE GEL® VS-5 V

BENTONE GEL® VS-5PC V

All solvents used in the solvents were evaluated for volatility as described on page 6.

Trisiloxane was the most volatile whereas Phenyl Trimethicone, Methylheptyl Isostearate,

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate and Isononyl Isonananoate were not volatile, see Figure

4.

8

Q: How do the solvents compare for volatility?%

Vol

atili

ty

10

20

30

60

40

50

70

Figure 4. Volatility of solvents

Time (minutes)0 20 40 60 12080 100 140 160 180

Cyclopentasiloxane

C11-12 Isoparaffin

Isododecane

Petroleum Distillates

Phenyl Trimethicone

Methylheptyl Isostearate

Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate

C13-16 Isoparaffin,C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane


Methyl Trimethicone

Trisiloxane

80

90

100Volatility of Solvents

Skin Feel Test Method

9

To measure the skin feel of the individual solvents they were each applied to 2 pieces of

paper with film thickness of 30 µm and left to dry. One piece of paper was cut to the

same size as the sled an attached to this. The coefficient of friction was measured using

a friction/peel tester, with a stroke length of 50mm at 0.125Hz with an applied load of

2N.

Figure 5. Friction/Peel Tester

Q: How do these products compare in feel?

10

Lubricity of all the solvents and oils were measured to compare coefficient of friction. The

coefficient of friction can be used to give an indication of the after feel of the product on

the skin. Products with a low coefficient of friction give a smooth and silky after-feel.

Products with a high coefficient of friction can be used in long-lasting wear products. The

results in Figure 6 show the difference in friction between the blank paper and the paper

with product.

Kin

etic

Coe

ffici

ent o

f Fric

tion

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.014

0.01

0.012

0.016

Difference in Coefficient of Friction Solvents Compared to Blank Paper

Figure 6. Kinetic coefficient of friction compared to blank paper

Cyc

lope

ntas

iloxa

ne

C11

-12

Isop

araf

fin

Isod

odec

ane

Pet

role

um D

istil

late

s

Phe

nyl T

rimet

hico

ne

Met

hylh

epty

l Iso

stea

rate

Neo

pent

yl G

lyco

l Dih

epta

noat

e

C13

-16

Isop

araf

fin,

C12

-14

Isop

araf

fin, C

13-1

5 A

lkan

e

Ison

onyl

Ison

anan

oate

Met

hyl T

rimet

hico

ne

Tris

iloxa

ne0

0.002

-0.002

0.018

Spreading Test Method

11

Product spreading ability was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of the liquid on

Transpore tape using a Tensiometer, see Figure 7. A measured amount of liquid was

dropped onto a glass slide covered with Transpore tape. A high speed digital camera

took a picture of the droplet after 1 second. This was then analysed by the computer, see

Figure 8.

Figure 7. Tensiometer

Figure 8. Contact angle measurement

Q: How do these products compare for spreading?

12

Product spreading was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of the liquid on

Transpore tape as described on page 11. The contact angle is the angle formed by a

liquid on a solid surface and measures the ability of a liquid to spread on the skin. The

lower the contact angle, the better the spreading ability. Liquids with a high contact angle,

which do not spread easily are useful for targeted delivery formulations. Figure 9

compares the contact angles of the solvents after 1 second.

Con

tact

Ang

le in

Deg

rees

(°)

15

20

25

40

30

35

45

Contact Angles of Solvents at 1 Second

Figure 9. Contact angles of solvents

5

10

0

Cyc

lope

ntas

iloxa

ne

C11

-12

Isop

araf

fin

Isod

odec

ane

Pet

role

um D

istil

late

s

Phe

nyl T

rimet

hico

ne

Met

hylh

epty

l Iso

stea

rate

Neo

pent

yl G

lyco

l Dih

epta

noat

e

C13

-16

Isop

araf

fin,

C12

-14

Isop

araf

fin, C

13-1

5 A

lkan

e

Ison

onyl

Ison

anan

oate

Met

hyl T

rimet

hico

ne

Tris

iloxa

ne

Interfacial Surface Tension Test Method

13

Interfacial surface tension was evaluated by measuring using a Tensiometer as seen in

Figure 7. The solvent was expelled in a controlled manner from the syringe. A high

speed digital camera took a photograph of the droplet before discharged from the syringe.

The shape of the droplet is determined by gravity elongating the droplet and the interfacial

surface tension forcing the droplet into a sphere. The shape of the droplet was analysed

by the computer to generate the interfacial surface tension, as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 10. Interfacial surface tension measurement

Q: How do these products compare for interfacialsurface tension?

14

Interfacial surface tension gives an indication of the wetting and dispersing properties of

the solvents. A low interfacial surface tension indicates excellent wetting and dispersing

of pigments and actives.

Inte

rfac

ial S

urfa

ce T

ensi

on (m

N/m

)

5

10

15

30

20

25

35

Interfacial Surface Tension of Solvents

Figure 11. Interfacial surface tension of solvents

0

Cyc

lope

ntas

iloxa

ne

C11

-12

Isop

araf

fin

Isod

odec

ane

Pet

role

um D

istil

late

s

Phe

nyl T

rimet

hico

ne

Met

hylh

epty

l Iso

stea

rate

Neo

pent

yl G

lyco

l Dih

epta

noat

e

C13

-16

Isop

araf

fin,

C12

-14

Isop

araf

fin, C

13-1

5 A

lkan

e

Ison

onyl

Ison

anan

oate

Met

hyl T

rimet

hico

ne

Tris

iloxa

ne

Batch ProcessingSingle Phase SystemsAlways add the BENTONE GEL®, under shear, to a portion of the organic component or

solvent with which it is most compatible. Mix until homogeneous before adding the other

ingredients.

Multi-Phase Systems (e.g. emulsions) Treat as with the single phase but always ensure the BENTONE GEL® additive is

thoroughly mixed in before continuing to the emulsification stage.

Continuous Processing The BENTONE GEL® should be added to the oil phase at any convenient point, which

meets the above guidelines for batch processing. In multi-manifold systems, a flowable

pre-mix of the BENTONE GEL® with a compatible oil or

solvent should be made in a side vessel.

Where only lower shear mixing equipment is available, stir

the BENTONE GEL® and slowly add the most compatible

component gradually, always ensuring the mixture remains

homogeneous at each stage.

Q: How do I incorporate the product into myformulations?

A: A BENTONE GEL® may be added to the oil phase of a

formulation at any convenient stage during the

manufacturing cycle. This is a very high viscosity, shear-

thinning product. To ensure good homogeneous mixing is

achieved, care should be taken to overcome the large

viscosity differential existing between the BENTONE GEL®

and the other lower viscosity components. The use of

medium to high shear mixing equipment is recommended.

Thorough mixing of the BENTONE GEL® in the oil phase

should be ensured before continuing to the next processing

step, such as emulsification.

15

Summary

16

Lowest

Flash PointBENTONE

GEL® Volatility

Solvent Volatility Coefficient of

Friction

Contact Angle Interfacial

Surface Tension

MethylheptylIsostearate

C11-12 Isoparaffin

Neopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate


C13-16 Isoparaffin, C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane




Trisiloxane Trisiloxane Phenyl Trimethicone

Isononyl Isonananoate Isododecane

BENTONE GEL®

ISD V C11-12 Isoparaffin MethylheptylIsostearate

Phenyl Trimethicone



Methyl Trimethicone

Petroleum Distillates Trisiloxane Petroleum

DistillatesPetroleum Distillates


BENTONE GEL®

SS-71 VMethyl Trimethicone



Phenyl Trimethicone

IsononylIsonananoate

BENTONE GEL®

OMS V



C11-12 Isoparaffin Trisiloxane

Phenyl Trimethicone

BENTONE GEL®

VS-5 V Isododecane Methyl Trimethicone Isododecane Methyl

Trimethicone

CyclopentasiloxaneC13-16 Isoparaffin,C12-14 Isoparaffin,C13-15 Alkane

Cyclopentasiloxane Cyclopentasiloxane Cyclopentasiloxane Cyclopentasiloxane

Methyl Trimethicone

BENTONE GEL®

VS-5PC VNeopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate C11-12 Isoparaffin Methyl

Trimethicone


IsononylIsonananoate

Phenyl Trimethicone Isododecane Trisiloxane

C11-12 Isoparaffin MethylheptylIsostearate



BENTONE GEL®

PTM VMethylheptylIsostearate

Isododecane Neopentyl GlycolDiheptanoate

Trisiloxane

Highest

Table 3 shows a summary table of the properties of the BENTONE GEL® products and the

solvents. Products with the highest values are at the top of the table and products with

the lowest values are at the bottom of the table.

Table 3. Summary of results

The information in this publication is, to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but since the

conditions of use are beyond our control, no warranty is given or to be implied in respect of such

information. In every case, caution must be exercised to avoid violation or infringement of statutory

obligations and any rights belonging to a third party. We are, at all time, willing to study customers’

specific outlets involving our products in order to enable their most effective use.

© Copyright 2009, Elementis Specialties, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copying and/or downloading of this document or information therein for republication is not allowed unless prior written agreement is obtained from Elementis Specialties, Inc.

® Registered trademark of Elementis Specialties, Inc.

Before using any of our products please consult our Safety Data Sheets.

For more details please contact:

AMERICAS Elementis Specialties

P.O. Box 700

Hightstown

New Jersey 08520

USA

Tel: +1.609.443 2500

Fax: +1.609.443 2446

EUROPE Elementis Specialties

Stolberger Strasse 370

50933 Cologne

Germany

Tel: +49.221.485.2900

Fax: +49.221.485.2910

E-Mail: [email protected]

Website: www.elementis-specialties.com

Documents

D5 Silicone Replacement Gels - Essential Ingredients Replacement Products.pdf · D5 Silicone Replacement Gels. Contents What is Cyclopentasiloxane? ... Non volatile light emollient