D4 - Carbohidratos

8/6/2019 D4 - Carbohidratos

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08/09/1108/09/11 Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169,Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169,2270 3359, 8946 5022, 88825132270 3359, 8946 5022, 8882513

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USDA, Nutrient DataUSDA, Nutrient Data Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010

Biochem Org … Medic al Biochemestryal BiochemestryBen BestBen BestThe Nutrition The Nutrition Source, HarvardSource, Harvard

Seminarios Clínica de Asma y Alergia

NEW! NEW!

http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00


http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-DGACReport.htm


http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/

http://www.benbest.com/


http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/index.html







http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/





Managua , NicaraguaEmail: [email protected]

Tel 2278 1169›

2270-3359› 8846-5022› 8882-5513

Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar TelClinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022, 888251322781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022, 8882513 08/09/1108/09/11 22

mailto:[email protected]




Herramienta Para Médicos :Herramienta Para Médicos :Consulta Nutricional, Prevenciòn deConsulta Nutricional, Prevenciòn delas Alergias, Prevención del Síndromelas Alergias, Prevención del SíndromeMetabólico …Metabólico …Clínica de Asma y AlergiaClínica de Asma y Alergia

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Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan HerreraClinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan HerreraSalazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,

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Ver notas al pieVer notas al piede página…de página…



1. Guía Dietética para los Americanos , 2010… Report of the Dietary Advisory...

2.Dietary guidelines for americans Policy (pdf).

3. DGAC Report 2010 Dietary Guidelinesfor Americans (ppt).

08/09/1108/09/11Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270

3359, 8946 5022, 88825133359, 8946 5022, 8882513 44

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08/09/1108/09/11

Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,88825138882513 55




3359, 8946 5022, 88825133359, 8946 5022, 8882513 66



Disminuya el riesgocardiovascular y de diabetestipo 2 con dieta balanceada y

ejercicio

Disminuya el riesgocardiovascular y de diabetestipo 2 con dieta balanceada y

ejercicio

Ver notas y bibliografía, para cada diapositivaVer notas y bibliografía, para cada diapositiva ……



Tipo II Tipo II

90% de

todos losdiabéticos

90% de

todos losdiabéticos



Laobesidady el exceso

deazucares

refinados

Laobesidady el exceso

deazucares

refinados



LainactividadLainactividad



Introduction to Carbohydrates Carbohydrate Nomenclature Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides Glycogen Starch

08/09/1108/09/11 1111Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270

3359, 8946 5022, 88825133359, 8946 5022, 8882513

http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/carbohydrates.html















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Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 22703359, 8946 5022, 88825133359, 8946 5022, 8882513









SoyaSoya Fuentes de fibra, ácidos grasosFuentes de fibra, ácidos grasosesenciales.esenciales.



Producto dela

degradaciónde losalmidones,estácompuesto

de dosmonomerosde glucosaen legamealfa –(1,4)glicosídico.

08/09/1108/09/11 1616Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,

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Fibra incluye lafibra de la dieta,natural, y la fibrafuncional , que son

aisladas y tienenpeculiaridadesfuncionalesbeneficiosasfisiologicaspositivas para la

salud.No analyticalmeasures exist toseparate dietaryfiber and functionalfiber, so the

Nutrition FactsLabel lists “DietaryFiber”—which isactually total fiber .


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La mayoría de los carbohidratos encontrados en la naturaleza, se encuentran bajo la forma de azucares de alto pesomolecular, llamados polisacáridos.El compuesto monomérico predominante es la D-glucosa.

Cuando los polisacáridos estan compuestos de unmonosoacárido simple estos se denominan homopolisacáridos.

Si se componen de variados monosacáridos se les denominaheteropolisacáridos.

Glycogen homopolímero compactoy ramificado cada 6-8 residuos,mamíferos…

AlmidonesAmilopectinas más ramificados.


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Cuáles sonlosbeneficiosde las fibrasde la dieta.

Conclusion .A moderate body

of evidencesuggests thatdietary fiber fromwhole foodsprotects againstcardiovasculardisease, obesity,and type 2diabetes and isessential foroptimal digestivehealth.

The 2002 DRIs defined dietary fiber as non-digestible carbohydrates and lignin that areintrinsic and intact in plants. Functional fiberconsists of the isolated non-digestiblecarbohydrates that have beneficialphysiological effects in human beings (IOM,2002). Total fiber is the sum of dietary fiberand functional fiber. ImplicationsSinceDietary fiber is under-consumed

across all segments of the Americanpopulation. The development of manyrisk factors that are associated withincidence of several highly prevalentchronic diseases could be reduced byincreasing consumption of naturally-

occurring plant-based foods that arehigh in dietary fiber, including wholegrain foods, cooked dry beans andpeas, vegetables, fruits and nuts .


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ADA position paper: “dietary fiber from whole foods or supplementsmay lower blood pressure, improve serum lipids,and reduce indicators of inflammation. Benefitsmay occur with intakes of 12 to 33 g fiber perday from whole foods or up to 42.5 g fiber perday from supplements.”

Menos circunferencia de la cintura ypeso

Menos Adiposidad visceral3g/1000 K cal


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Relación entre la ingesta de cerealesintegrales y beneficios para la salud .A moderate body of evidence from largeprospective cohort studies shows that wholegrain intake, which includes cereal fiber,protects against cardiovascular disease .


3359, 8946 5022, 88825133359, 8946 5022, 8882513



Grano de trigoGrano de trigo Grano dearroz

Grano de

arroz

SalvadoSalvado

GermenGermen



GranosintegralesGranosintegrales

No comer ad libitum…No comer ad libitum…



Cuál es la relación de la ingesta

de las frutas y verduras …excluyendo el jugo, y losresultados de salud.


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Consistent evidence suggests at least amoderate inverse relationship betweenvegetable and fruit consumption withmyocardial infarction and stroke, withsignificantly larger, positive effects noted abovefive servings of vegetables and fruits per day .Evidence also indicates that some types of vegetables and fruits are probably protectiveagainst some cancers.

Vegetables and fruits are nutrient-dense andrelatively low in calories. In order to meet therecommended intakes, Americans shouldemphasize vegetables and fruits in their dailyfood choices, without added solid fats, sugars,starches or sodium to maximize health benefits.


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DGCA afirma:

“Part of the

healthfuleffect of vegetablesand fruits,includingprotectionagainst cancerrisk, may bedue to the

effect of phytochemicals ”

Technically,phytochemicals are not

essential to the diet, sono daily requirementhas been establishedfor them, but they are

bioactive and theremay be as many as100,000 differentcompounds.

08/09/1108/09/11Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,

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k f f íLi i k f i fi í i



Licopene, pink grapefruit, papaya… fitoquímicosLicopene, pink grapefruit, papaya… fitoquímicosmas de 100000…mas de 100000…



Foto…. Como verduras detodos los colores…

Y frutas de todoslos colores…

7 coloresdiferentes7 días de la semana


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Reglapráctica

JHS



¿ Coma menos azucarrefinada y coma másfrutas... 5-7 porciones

¿ Coma menos azucarrefinada y coma másfrutas... 5-7 porciones

ComaComalalacáscaracáscaray lasy las

semillassemillas



”diets providing 30 to 50g fiber per dayfrom whole food sources consistentlyproduce lower serum glucose levels

compared to a low fiber diet.”Hawaii over a 14-year period… se

reduce el riesgo de 22%

Mejora tránsito intestinal laxante…Few fiber supplements have beenstudied for physiological effectiveness,

so the best advice is to consume fiber infoods (Slavin, 2008).


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Cuál es larelación entre

la ingesta dealimentos conalto indiceglicémico , elpeso, eldiabete de tipo2 , lasenfermedadescardiovasculares y el cancer.

Conclusion A moderate body of inconsistent evidencesupports a relationship between highglycemic index and type 2 diabetes.Strong, convincing evidence shows little

association between glycemic load and type2 diabetes .Implications

When selecting carbohydrate foods, there is

no need for concern with their glycemicindex or glycemic load.What is important to heed is their calories,

caloric density, and fiber content.


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Dieta deorigenvegetal bajaen grasa,rica encarbohidratos complejos

Dieta deorigenvegetal bajaen grasa,rica encarbohidratos complejos

Coma la manzanaComa la manzanacon la cáscara y elcon la cáscara y elfruta con el hollejo,fruta con el hollejo,



Hagaejercicioregularmen

te

Hagaejercicioregularmen

te



En adultos querelación existeentre ingesta de

bebidasazucaradas y laingesta deenergia y elpeso corporal…Las Colas…concentrados deazucar…fructosa…

El sirope demaíz…Peligro deSíndromeMetabólico

“What is the significance of added sugarsintake to human health?”

Their conclusion was, “Compared withindividuals who consume small amounts of foods and beverages that are high in addedsugars, those who consume large amountstend to consume more calories but smalleramounts of micronutrients. Although moreresearch is needed, available prospective

studies suggest a positive associationbetween the consumption of SSB and weightgain. A reduced intake of added sugars(especially SSB) may be helpful in achievingrecommended intakes of nutrients and inweight control.”


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¿Los endulzantes sin calorías , sonbeneficiosos para la salud, su

relación con la ingesta de calorías yel peso corporal?...

Son Peligrosos…. Aumento del IMC

reported that individuals who use non-caloricsweeteners are more likely to gain weight or beheavier . Implications

The replacement of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages withsugar-free products should theoretically reduce body weight. Yetmany questions remain, as epidemiologic studies show a positivelink with use of nonnutritive sweeteners and BMI.


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Cambiospermanentesen el estilo de

vida

Cambiospermanentesen el estilo de

vida No se puede todo No se puede todoremediar con un Quick remediar con un Quick

Fix, una simpleFix, una simple prescripción… prescripción…cambio de filosofía…cambio de filosofía…



“In adults, doesusing foods orbeverages with

non-nutritivesweeteners(saccharin,aspartame,acesulfame-K,sucralose,

neotame) in acalorie-restricted orad libitum diet affect energy balance?” (ADA,2009).

Sacarina

AspartameAcesulfameSucraloseNeotame


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Intense sweeteners helplower energy density of beverages and foods, whichshould result in lower energyintakes.Concern about negative

effects of diet soft drink consumption on energy

intake came from animalstudies that suggested anincreased food intake andweight gain followingprolonged exposure tosaccharin-sweetened yogurt(Swithers, 2008).

This study suggested thatartificial sweeteners“uncouple” a relationshipbetween sweet taste andenergy, which promoted therats to consume more foodand gain weight.

Replacing sugar withlow-calorie sweetenersis a common strategy tofacilitate weight control(Bellisle, 2007).Mattes and Popkin(2008) estimate that 15percent of the USpopulation ingestsnonnutritive sweeteners,but that percentage isincreasing.


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Exceso de calorías de

la Dieta

Exceso de calorías de

la Dieta• Enfermedades

del corazón

• Cáncer

• Enfermedadesdel corazón

• Cáncer



Se reduce el riesgo

de

Se reduce el riesgo

de• Enfermedadesdel corazón• Diabetes tipo II• Hipertensión

• Enfermedadesdel corazón• Diabetes tipo II• Hipertensión





SoyaSoya Fuentes de ácidos grasos esencialesFuentes de ácidos grasos esencialesALA, n-3: aceite de maíz, girasol ,ALA, n-3: aceite de maíz, girasol ,

lino, safrón.lino, safrón.



What is the Role of Carbohydrate, Fiber,Protein, Fat, and FoodForm on Satiety?ConclusionMany factors affectsatiety and most studiesare conducted inlaboratory settings tocontrol for variables.

Thus results may not begeneralized to the morecomplicated eating

environment of theoutside world. Foodshigh in dietary fibergenerally are moresatiating than low fiberfoods, although somefibers added to drinkshave little impact on

satiety. Overall, smallchanges in themacronutrient content of the diet do notsignificantly alter satiety.

ImplicationsIntakes of caloric preloads, whethercarbohydrate, protein, or fat,typically increase satiety. Proteinand carbohydrate may be moresatiating than fat, although studiesare not consistent.Dietary fiber, especially from whole

foods, appears to enhance satietyin studies. Not all fibers added tobeverages or foods are equallysatiating.In fact, some functional fibers show

no effect on satiety.


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08/09/1108/09/11

Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022,88825138882513 4848



Condimentar Condimentar Aceite de Oliva ExtraAceite de Oliva ExtraVirgenVirgen



Comida RápidaComida RápidaRegalese un poco de pazRegalese un poco de paz

espiritualespiritual

No hay apuro … No hay apuro …Encuentre paz …Encuentre paz …

Tómese el tiempo comaTómese el tiempo comaen familia.en familia.

El mejor antioxidante esEl mejor antioxidante esel amor de la familia.el amor de la familia.


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• La diabetes no es por deficiencia deinsulina...• El aumento de la grasa

visceral,provoca resistencia a lainsulina..



¿ Cuáles elpapelde losprebióticos yde losprobióticos?

Gut microflora play arole in health, althoughthe research in this areais still developing.Foods high in prebiotics(wheat, onions, garlic)

may be consumed, aswell as foodconcentrated inprobiotics (yogurt),within accepted dietarypatterns.


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coman alimentosaltos en fibra y comidasinte rales

coman alimentosaltos en fibra y comidasinte rales



Pan integralPasta integral

Arroz integral…



coman frutas yvegetales ricos encarotenos

coman frutas yvegetales ricos encarotenos



coman vegetales dela familia de lascrucíferascoman vegetales dela familia de lascrucíferas



Grano de trigoGrano de trigo Grano de

arroz

Grano de

arroz

SalvadoSalvado

GermenGermen





Amplia variedadAmplia variedad







“Y dijo Dios: He

aquí os he dadotoda planta queda semilla, que

está sobre toda latierra, y todo árbolen que hay fruto,y que da semilla;os serán paracomer.”

“Y dijo Dios: He

aquí os he dadotoda planta queda semilla, que

está sobre toda latierra, y todo árbolen que hay fruto,y que da semilla;os serán paracomer.”



Managua , NicaraguaEmail: [email protected]

Tel 2278 1169› 2270-3359› 8846-5022› 8882-5513

Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar TelClinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel22781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022, 888251322781169, 2270 3359, 8946 5022, 8882513 08/09/1108/09/11 6464





08/09/1108/09/11Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 2270Clinica de Asma y Alergia Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 22781169, 22703359, 8946 5022, 88825133359, 8946 5022, 8882513 6565



Gracias!

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D4 - Carbohidratos