CurrentStatusofSolidWasteManagementinMongoliaandBusinessOpportuni7es

a

DELGERBAYAR UNIDONPM

BADAM

2016.10.14

MongolialiesintheEasternAsia&thePacificregion,betweenSiberiaonthenorthandChinaonthesouth.Thetotalsurfaceisofthecountryisabout1,564,116km2,populaGonis3million.

Theaveragesummertemperatureis+20'C,averagewintertemperature-26'C,andaveragerainfall200-220mm.

DemographicsLAND TYPE OF MONGOLIA

83.2 % is agriculture and pasture area 5.1 % is city and village area 8.2 % is forest , 1.4 % lake and river , 4.1 % desert and not useful area

Wastegenera7on

1200000t

UlaanbaatarCity:

1700000t

Ruralarea(Provinces):

Annually

2 900 000 ton waste is generating in Mongolia

Mongoliaprac7cescommingledwastecollec7on.Thecollec7onvehicleincludesmotorizedtrucksaswellashandcarts.Majorityofthewastecollectedinthecountryissenttodisposal.93.5%ofwastewasdisposedofusingburialmethod.Mongoliahasatotalof396centralwastedisposalsitescoveringaround125,000hectaresoftotalland.TheoverallwasteCollec7oncoverageis70%inUrbanareasandonly40%inrural.

Municipal SW composition

SummerWinter21.7%

22.4%35.7%

4.1%

9.5% 6.6%

paper plastickitchin waste textileglass metal and others

12.7%

14.5%

22.7%1.0%

49.1%

paper plastickitchin waste textileash

Thenoteworthyaspecthereisthat,averysignificantpropor7onofrecyclableitemsPlas7c(22%),Paper/cardboard(21%),Glass(9%),andMetal(6%)s7lllandsupinthedisposalsite.Thesevaluablerecyclablescouldotherwisehavebeensegregated,collectedandsentforrecyclingratherthandisposal.

Paper,11

Plas7c,15

Agriculture,9

Kitchen,7

ChemicalandMedical,4

Mining,12

Livestock,20

Ash,18

Others,4Rural(Provinces)

Withintensivedevelopmentinminingandconstruc7onsectors,increasedurbanconsump7onpa]ernsandlifestyle,increasing

wastegenera7onvolume

293 347465

850960

10591200

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

UBCitywastegeneraGon

Thousandton

TheoverallstagesofMSWmanagementinUlanbaatarcity.

UlaanbaatarCityisworkingtowardsformalizingthewasterecyclingac7vi7esinfuture.The“Ecopark”project(Mayor’sResolu7onNo.A/695isexpec7ngtodeveloparecyclingparkintheNarangiinEnger"wastecollec7onsite(52–174.6hectares),and“Tsagaandavaa”wastecollec7onsite(29.4–92.6hectares).UlaanbaatarCityAuthoritywouldprovidelandandinfrastructure(electricity,waterandheat)tothe“Ecopark”.AlsoGovernmentwouldprovideincen7ves(taxexemp7on..)toenterpriseswhichisregisteredinEco-park.

HealthcareWaste(HCW)Atotalofabout2.65tonnesofhealthcarewastewasgeneratedeachdayinUlaanbaatar

(about0.78tonnesofmedicalwastesand1.87tonnesofgeneralwastes).0.36tonnesofanatomicwasteisneedtobeincineratebutcitydoesnothaveMedicalwasteincinera7onplantsoallwasteisdisposedatdisposalsite.Ruralandprovincesthatalmost90%ofmedicalfacili7esburnttheirwasteinsomeprimi7velowtemperatureincinerators,withoutanyairfilterorevenprac7cingopenburning.Apublic-privatepartnershipmodelwasdevelopedandtri-patriateagreementwasreachedwith“ElementLLC”.Thecentraltreatmentfacilityforhealthcarewastewasfunc7onedsinceJanuary2010,andhasbeencollec7ngandtrea7nghealthcarewastesfrom1,000publicandprivatehealthcarefacili7esinthecapitalcity.

Where and How disposing HW ?

Hazardous Waste

Stored in laboratories, institutes, industries and storages, where the substances had been used or disposing as a municipal waste

Except medical waste, there is no environmentally sound hazardous waste management and disposal facility in Mongolia

Landfillandopendump

Soil

Sewageexhaustsystem

Storage

Reusedfordifferentpurposes

Burning

Inthenearfuture,weneedtohaveacentralizedhazardouswastetreatmentfacilityandenvironmentallysoundhazardouswastemanagementsystem.Themainchallengeswearefacingarefinancialconstraints,technologytransferandlackofengineeringpersonneltoworkinthissector.

Composition Volume of hazardous waste, ton/year

Volume of hazardous waste, %

Burnable 7,994 74

Recyclable 1,354 12.5

Landfill 998 9.2

Physical-chemical treatment

455 4.2

Total hazardous waste 10,801

E-wasteisoneofthefastestgrowingwastestreamsinMongolia.Theamountofgeneratede-wasteperyeargrowsrapidly.Lifespanofcomputershasdroppedfromsevenyearsin1990stojusttwoyearsorlesstoday.Mobilephoneshavealifespanofevenlessthantwoyears.Mongolianpopula7onis3millionbutmobilephoneusersnumberis3.5millionandsince2007mobilephoneusersgrowthis120percentbutthereisnodataandinventoryformobilephonewastegenera7oninMongolia.Alsofrom31July2014Mongoliatransferreddigitalbroadcastsystemandgenera7onofCRTwasteisextremelygrowinglastfewyears.Thereisapressingneedtoaddresse-wastemanagementchallenge.Ewasteiscollectedwithmunicipalwasteande-wasteendsupinunreportedandlargelyunknowndes7na7ons.

E-Waste

ElectricalandElectronicEquipmentimportinMongolia

•  ThemajorityofEEEsinMongoliaisimportedfrom121countriesandlocallyassembledequipmentcompriseslightpart.

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

2009 2010 2011 2012

Qua

nGty

Years

DVDplayer

TVset

Mobilephone

Computer

Washingmachine

Refrigerator

1054

322

162 171120

1829

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

PC TVset Refrigerator Washingmachine Otherelectrichouseholdmachine

Total

Annual generation of main E waste in Ulaanbaatar city \ton\

Overall E waste flow in Ulaanbaatar

Generation \100%\

Second Hand market \ 45.1 % \

Dismantle\ 54.9 \

Wash and

resell \ 8%\

Repair and

resell \37.1%\

Reuse

\5.3%\

Sel

l as

spar

e pa

rt

\0.4%\

Seg

rega

te \

sell

as

met

al \

6.2%

Dis

char

ge a

t lan

dfil

l

\ 31.

9% \

Was

te p

icke

rs \9.6%\

Tem

pora

ry s

tora

ge

\1.5%\

NeedtotakethefollowingmeasurestoimproveEwastemanagementinMongoliais:

•  TocreateanewlegalframeworkforEwaste\policy,strategy,regula7onandstandard\

•  ToestablishEwasteseparatecollec7on,transporta7onmechanism

•  Studyandsurvey\inventory\onEwasteinna7onwideMongolia\crea7nganaccuratedatabase\

•  TocreateEwasteformalrecyclingsystem\tobuildspecificrecyclinganddismantlingyard\

•  Trainingprogrammeandcapacitybuildingeffortsarerequired\foreignexperience,management,andguidelinesandneedsmanagerialandmodernmanagementtrainingaswellaspolicymakersandrelatedgoverningbodies\

•  Capacitydevelopmentandfinancialassistanceinallaspects.

RecyclingSor7ngandrecyclingisundertakenbytheprivatesector,andisatinformalscale.Asignificantpropor7onofwasteisrecycledbysmallbusinessesorcollectedandexportedtoChinaforrecycling.Thefirststagesor7ngisconductedwhenwastesarepickedfromapartmentsandhouseholds,eitherbythecollec7oncreworthecaretakersofthehousingapartments.Thuscollectedmaterialsarethensentofftothesecondaryrawmaterialcollec7onpoints.Theremainingrecyclablesthatreachthecentralizedlandfillsitesarefurthersortedbywastescavengers.Therearearound200scavengers,mostofthemliveinthedumpsites,collectrecyclablewasteproducts,includingglass,cans,cardboardandbonesandselltotransfercentres.Fromthere,thoserecyclablewasteproductsgotoprimi7verecyclingplantsandtheremainingitemsareexportedtoChina

Recycled waste export done by private company

4836

3567

1258

826.4

582

298

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

waste lead waste tin glass bottle&can

metal paper plastic/pet bottle

Ton\year

Total exported recycle waste -11 300 ton Total export cost -1.5 mill USD

13%ofpaper,11%ofplas7c,2.5%ofmetal,and25-30%ofconstruc7onwasteisrecycledinthecountry.

Paper

Plas7c

Metal

Construc7onwaste

Genera7on

Recycled

Challenges(policy/ins2tu2onal/technological/financial)facedin3Rimplementa2on:•  Lackoffinancialresourceandnoincen7vesystemforrecycling.•  Nospecificpolicyandlegisla7onforrecycling•  Scavengers(informalsector)whoarecurrentlyplayingasubstan7alrolein

collec7onofrecyclablessonocleardata•  Thereisalsolimitedtechnologicalandfinancialcapacityofthedomes7c

recyclingindustryandtheoullowofrecyclablestobiginterna7onalmarketssuchasChina.

•  Lackofastrongpolicy,legalandregulatoryframeworkfor3R•  Weakenforcementandmonitoringoftheexis7nglawsadregula7on•  Ins7tu7onalinefficienciesandoverlapsandlimitedavailabilityofhuman

capacity,technology,andfinancialresources.

Immediateimprovementisrequiredinbuildinghumanresourcecapacity,establishingup-to-dateprovincialandnaGonalwastelawandregulaGons,andse[ngupambiGousyetachievable3RtargetsintheNaGonalWasteManagementStrategy.

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