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Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile VHA Mental Health Mobile Applications April 12, 2012 Julia Hoffman, Psy.D. National Center for PTSD VA Palo Alto Health Care System

Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

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Page 1: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health MobileVHA Mental Health Mobile 

ApplicationsApril 12, 2012

Julia Hoffman, Psy.D.National Center for PTSD

VA Palo Alto Health Care System

Page 2: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

National Center for PTSD VA Office of Mental Health Services

Josef Ruzek, Ph.D.Eric Kuhn, Ph.D.Laura Wald, Ph.D.

Sonja Batten, Ph.D.Antonette Zeiss, Ph.D.Carolyn Greene, Ph.D.K W i dt Ph DKen Weingardt, Ph.D.Kathleen Lysell, Ph.D.

National Center for Telehealth & VA Central OfficeNational Center for Telehealth & Technology (DCoE)

VA Central Office

Gregory Reger, Ph.D.Robert Ciulla, Ph.D.

Madhulika Agarwal, MDKathleen Frisbee,

Gregory Gahm, Ph.D.

And all 32 of the Subject Matter Experts who assisted with content for these apps!And all 32 of the Subject Matter Experts who assisted with content for these apps!

Page 3: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

AgendaAgenda

Mobile apps 101Mobile apps 101

Problem statement and introduction to mobile applications as a potential solution

VA Mental Health app landscape: what is available now and what is coming soon

Challenges and opportunities in development, deployment, and g pp p , p y ,implementation in VA settings

F di iFuture directions

Page 4: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Mobile Devices: Prerequisites

Page 5: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

What is a Mobile Device?

F t Oth M bilFeature Phones Smartphones Other Mobile 

Devices

iPhone iPod Touch

Android Phones

Blackberry

e‐Readers

iPady

Windows 7 Phones Personal Data Assistant

Page 6: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Typical Smartphone CapabilitiesLook at photos you grab from your computer or that you take with your phone.

Maintain a calendar (can sync w/ computer)

Take pictures and video with your phone

Send text messageswith your phone

GPS locator and mapping / directions

Set alarms and/or 

Watch videos

Record your voice

timers

Li d fil

Type out notes using an on‐screen keyboard

Listen to sound files and watch video files

Make phone calls! This is hooked in to your contact list which can be synced

Access any internet site except Flash sites

Send and receive email (also hooked in w/ contact list)

Page 7: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

What is an “app?”

Page 8: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Barriers and NeedsBarriers and Needs

Veterans VA ServicesVeterans

• Stigma• Geographic distance

VA Services

• Limited resources throughout systemg p

• Busy schedules• Intermittent  symptoms• Sub‐threshold or non‐disorder 

• Competing demands on Providers’ time

• Pressure to move patients through i l li i i klspecific problems

• Need to address whole person with various co‐occurring 

bl

specialty clinics quickly• Limited staffing/ availability of appointments

• Limited evening/weekend hoursproblems• Risk of relapse

• Limited evening/weekend hours• Need to establish outcomes monitoring

• Limited opportunities to engage• Limited opportunities to engage families and communities

Page 9: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Mobile Applications as a Solution?Mobile Applications as a Solution?

• The recentThe recent emergence and pervasiveness of 

The ultimate goals:Imobile devices 

has led to i ti i

Improve treatment delivery 

By increasing efficiency, 

Increase treatment effectiveness 

Effective tools to provide psychoeducation, develop 

innovations in clinical care that address some of

accessibility,  and alleviating implementation challenges.

treatment strategies, practice invaluable skills introduced in therapy, improve tracking and 

monitoring capabilities (including in‐the‐momentaddress some of 

these challenges.(including in the moment assessment), and improve 

upon risk mitigation.

Page 10: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Applicable Characteristics of Mobile h lTechnology

Anonymous and SafeAnonymous and Safe

Accessible and Immediate

Targeted

ConnectedConnected

Page 11: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Applicable Characteristics of Mobile h lTechnology

Anonymous and Safe

•A stigma‐free alternative•Safe from family or others who may share computer•See modeling e.g. videos or educational materials about what others are going through

Anonymous and Safe

•These devices are always on, always accessible, and can be utilized in the natural 

Accessible and Immediate

environment of the user across various situations in most parts of the world. •Assessment, intervention, and connection with resources available when needed most•Real‐time self‐assessments may be more accurate than retrospective assessment (ecological momentary assessment).C id i l i ti l diffi lti l t d t t t t it t•Can aid in logistical difficulties related to treatment commitments

•Low/no cost in most cases•Provides interventions or resources (e.g. hotlines) in the moment even when clinics aren’t open

•Expectation of digital access and flexibility among younger generation•Expectation of digital access and flexibility among younger generation•Can replace workbooks, tape recorders, and other lose‐able tools for face‐to‐face EBP

Page 12: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Applicable Characteristics of Mobile h lTechnology

Targeted (and if necessary, Indirect)

• Opportunity to provide necessary skills training including basic psychoeducation

• Subsyndromal problems can be addressed as can intermittent symptoms that may not require a whole course of EBP

• Problem recognition / readiness to change can be enhanced.• Functionality built into mobile devices can be leveraged to enhance the user’s experience through personalization captivating graphics multi‐mediauser s experience through personalization, captivating graphics, multi media presentations, game‐based learning, location‐based services, and more.

Connected devices

• Support systems can be contacted as needed• Individuals can be reached when in crisis• Patients in care can receive reminders (clinical or logistic) opportunities to• Patients in care can receive reminders (clinical or logistic), opportunities to rehearse skills and coping behaviors, and opportunities to self‐assess between sessions. 

Page 13: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Mobile Phone Usage and TrendsMobile Phone Usage and Trends• 88% of U.S. households currently have at 

least one mobile phoneleast one mobile phone.• 44% own a smartphone, as compared 

with 18 percent two years ago. • By 2013, mobile phones will overtake PCs y , p

as the most common Web access device worldwide.

• 62% of smartphone users downloaded an app within the last 30 daysapp within the last 30 days.– Discover apps through searching the public 

marketplaces (63%) or relying on recommendations of trusted others (61%).

– Those who download apps have avg 33– Those who download apps have avg 33 apps on their mobile phones. 

• This marks the beginning of a wireless erain which smartphones will be the primary mechanism through which consumers willmechanism through which consumers will connect with friends, media, and the internet.

Page 14: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Why Build Apps in VA?Why Build Apps in VA?

• Veterans are already yseeking apps (just like everyone else!)

d• Opportunity to provide evidence‐informed, Veteran‐specific,Veteran specific, VA‐consistent options.

• Opportunity to advance science and influence healthcare in this country broadlycountry broadly.

Page 15: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

C d U i M bilCurrent and Upcoming Mobile Apps for Mental HealthApps for Mental Health

Page 16: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Service Member / Vet / Patient

Concerned Significant Others Provider

Pre‐Clinical Self‐Administered 

Apps

PTSD Coach

Provider‐Assisted Apps

Support Provision of EBP

Require Provider Oversight

Adults

PTSD Family Coach

Children Psychological First Aid

Mindfulness Coach

Skills for 

PE Coach PTSD Symptom Monitoring Parenting

Psychological Recovery

mTBI

CPT Coach

ACT Coach

PTSD Medications Caregiver Strain

Meditation with Biofeedback

Safety Plan CBT‐I Coach

Mood Coach (Behavioral 

T2 /DoD NCPTSD

Activation)

PST Coach

VACO

Stay Quit Coach

Page 17: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

PTSD Coach OverviewPTSD Coach OverviewPTSD Coach is a mobile phone application for 

people with Posttraumatic Stress Disorderpeople with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and those interested in learning more about PTSD. 

This application provides:d i b PTSD• education about PTSD

• a self‐assessment tool• portable skills to address acute symptoms• direct connection to crisis support and• direct connection to crisis support and• information about treatment aimed at 

guiding those who could benefit into care.It can be used as a stand‐alone education and 

symptom management tool, or to augment face‐to‐face care with a healthcare professional. 

Due to the application’s portability, these toolsDue to the application s portability, these tools are easily accessible when they are needed most.

Page 18: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Development TeamDevelopment Team

• Julia Hoffman, Psy.D.1,2, y• Laura Wald, Ph.D.1

• Eric Kuhn, Ph.D.1,3

• Carolyn Greene, Ph.D.4,1

• Josef I. Ruzek, Ph.D.1

• Kenneth Weingardt, Ph.D.4

1 VA National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1 VA National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder2 DoD National Center for Telehealth & Technology (T2)3 VA Sierra Pacific (VISN 21) Mental Illness Research, Education, & Clinical Center4 VA Office of Mental Health Services

Page 19: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Initial DevelopmentInitial Development

• 80 Veterans with PTSD participated in informal80 Veterans with PTSD participated in informal focus groups to provide input on features

• Top request: something I can do when I’m• Top request: something I can do when I m stressed wherever I am

V i i i i j d b• Various promising options rejected by Veterans, such as location based services

Page 20: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Home ScreenHome Screen• From the home screen (seen here), 

users can choose from the four main actions of the application Each ofactions of the application. Each of these will be demonstrated in upcoming slides.

• Users may also use “Setup” to personalize the app with media from their own phone. Users are also guided through this processguided through this process automatically on their first time through the app.

• The “About” button provides users with information about the application and access to the team th t b ilt itthat built it.

Page 21: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Learn about PTSDLearn about PTSD• The Learn about PTSD section provides 

psychoeducation about various frequently asked questions. Information q y qprovided here is derived from the National Center for PTSD Fact Sheets and the VA’s MyHealtheVet website.

• Information provided is around two topic areas• PTSD basics• How to find professional care and 

what to expect in treatment

• When selected each topic leads to a• When selected, each topic leads to a separate page with brief written psychoeducation. Users can also choose to listen to the same information by clicking the ear iconclicking the ear icon. 

Page 22: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Self‐AssessmentSelf Assessment• The PTSD CheckList (PCL) is a validated 

measure, used broadly throughout the VA D D d i ili iVA, DoD, and civilian settings. 

• After each self‐assessment, users are provided interpretive feedback includingprovided interpretive feedback including 

• their symptom severity (high, medium, low) and 

i f ti b t th i• information about their score relative to their last administration.

• Users can view their historical data inUsers can view their historical data in graphical form.

• Users can also schedule future assessments and will be given a reminder at the scheduled time. 

Page 23: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Self‐Assessment ScreenshotsSelf Assessment Screenshots

Page 24: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Managing SymptomsManaging SymptomsThe main action of the application:  

Providing people with skills to manage their stress in the momentmanage their stress in the moment they experience it. 

Process:Process:• User selects symptom area• User rates distress on scale of 0 to 10 • Depending on the problem and the• Depending on the problem and the 

severity, the user is routed to any of a number of cognitive‐behavioral skills.

• After completing the tool, user re‐p g ,rates distress.

• User receives feedback on score.• Option to give thumbs up/down.

Page 25: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Managing Symptoms Process

SUDS baseline

Symptom or Favorites

Appropriate tool

SUDS baseline

Thumbs up / thumbs down

SUDS

Shake / skip if desired

SUDS feedback

SUDS

Another tool or done

Page 26: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Symptoms and Tools MatrixSymptoms and Tools MatrixTool Classes

Re‐experiencing

AvoidanceSocial 

IsolationDissociation Sad/Hopeless Anxiety Anger Sleep

Interactive relaxation tools x x x x x x

RID (Stress Inoculation Training) x

Change your perspective x x x x x x x

Grounding x x x x

Make a Plan to Reduce Isolation x

Take a Time Out x

Help Falling Asleep x

Schedule Pleasant Events x

Seek Support x x x x x x x

Distract from Intense Emotions x x x x

Soothe Yourself x x x x x

Inspiring Quotes x x x x x x X

Page 27: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Tool ExamplesTool Examples

Page 28: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Find Support

• Immediate access to public and/or personalpublic and/or personal supports

• Opportunity to add pp ycontacts to crisis list

• Links to various vetted hotlines and websites, primarily geared towards Veterans and Service MembersService Members.

Page 29: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Legal ConstraintsLegal Constraints

• The app does not collect PersonallyThe app does not collect Personally Identifiable Information

• End User License Agreement clearly indicates• End User License Agreement clearly indicates that this is not intended to replace treatment

Th d i d ff f h• The app does not transmit any data off of the device

• The only data that is collected is anonymous aggregate data

Page 30: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Evaluation PlanEvaluation Plan• Various trials are currently underway 

to consider each of these items with:

F ibilit Program 

to consider each of these items, with:– Veteran populations as well as civilians 

in community care– PTSD and sub‐threshold PTSD

• Pilot data has been collectedFeasibility ProgramEvaluation

• Pilot data has been collected with Veterans with PTSD to assess usability and changes in self‐efficacy for coping, 

Validation Clinical Outcomes

knowledge about PTSD, and stigma‐related beliefs.

• Preliminary analysis indicates that the app is usable increasesOutcomes that the app is usable, increases coping self‐efficacy, and decreases stigma toward seeking treatment in Veterans in treatment for PTSD regardless of SES, education, or era of service.

Page 31: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Metrics and Measures of SuccessMetrics and Measures of Success

Page 32: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Coming soon…

Page 33: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Clinic in Hand InitiativeClinic in Hand Initiative

• Led by Kathy Frisbee in VACOLed by Kathy Frisbee in VACO

• Creation of standards and governance as well as a pilot of iPad apps for caregivers that areas a pilot of iPad apps for caregivers that are linked to VA informatics

Page 34: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Bringing Mobile Applications into VA Mental Health

Challenges and opportunities in development, deployment, and implementation in VA settings.

Page 35: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Development of Mobile AppsDevelopment of Mobile Apps

Page 36: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care

• Apps do not replace pp ptherapy (or therapists).

• Apps can provide various functions to enhance carefunctions to enhance care at each stage of treatment, for example: symptom recognition, assessment, finding resources, engaging in g g gface‐to‐face EBP, aftercare/relapse preventionprevention.

Page 37: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health ( )Care (cont)

• All apps engage existing VA resources (webAll apps engage existing VA resources (web resources, clearinghouses, hotlines, etc.)

• Currently somewhat limited by lack of direct• Currently somewhat limited by lack of direct connection with provider (no email, SM, etc.)

Pil i b b d d hb d• Piloting web‐based dashboard to create wrap‐around approach to care

• Creating user guides and clinician guides

Page 38: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Integration of Apps into VA Care Starts hwith You! 

• Prescribe to your patients• Suggest to family members (PTSD Family Coach)(PTSD Family Coach)

• Provide feedback throughout the process tothroughout the process to let us know what you need, what is working, and what i ’tisn’t.

mentalhealthapps@gmail [email protected]

Page 39: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Future DirectionsFuture Directions

• Linkage to electronic health record and self‐Linkage to electronic health record and selfentered database

• Ability to share directly with clinicians toAbility to share directly with clinicians to optimize care. Bidirectional communication including personalization of apps by clinicians.

• System‐wide surveillance to enhance program evaluation and mitigate crisis

Page 40: Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health Mobile Conference Presentations/Hof… · Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care • Apps do not replace therapy (or therapists)

Questions?Questions?

li ffJulia Hoffman, Psy.D.

[email protected]

Email to be added to distribution list to try newEmail to be added to distribution list to try new apps.