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Current and Future Directions in VHA Mental Health MobileVHA Mental Health Mobile
ApplicationsApril 12, 2012
Julia Hoffman, Psy.D.National Center for PTSD
VA Palo Alto Health Care System
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
National Center for PTSD VA Office of Mental Health Services
Josef Ruzek, Ph.D.Eric Kuhn, Ph.D.Laura Wald, Ph.D.
Sonja Batten, Ph.D.Antonette Zeiss, Ph.D.Carolyn Greene, Ph.D.K W i dt Ph DKen Weingardt, Ph.D.Kathleen Lysell, Ph.D.
National Center for Telehealth & VA Central OfficeNational Center for Telehealth & Technology (DCoE)
VA Central Office
Gregory Reger, Ph.D.Robert Ciulla, Ph.D.
Madhulika Agarwal, MDKathleen Frisbee,
Gregory Gahm, Ph.D.
And all 32 of the Subject Matter Experts who assisted with content for these apps!And all 32 of the Subject Matter Experts who assisted with content for these apps!
AgendaAgenda
Mobile apps 101Mobile apps 101
Problem statement and introduction to mobile applications as a potential solution
VA Mental Health app landscape: what is available now and what is coming soon
Challenges and opportunities in development, deployment, and g pp p , p y ,implementation in VA settings
F di iFuture directions
Mobile Devices: Prerequisites
What is a Mobile Device?
F t Oth M bilFeature Phones Smartphones Other Mobile
Devices
iPhone iPod Touch
Android Phones
Blackberry
e‐Readers
iPady
Windows 7 Phones Personal Data Assistant
Typical Smartphone CapabilitiesLook at photos you grab from your computer or that you take with your phone.
Maintain a calendar (can sync w/ computer)
Take pictures and video with your phone
Send text messageswith your phone
GPS locator and mapping / directions
Set alarms and/or
Watch videos
Record your voice
timers
Li d fil
Type out notes using an on‐screen keyboard
Listen to sound files and watch video files
Make phone calls! This is hooked in to your contact list which can be synced
Access any internet site except Flash sites
Send and receive email (also hooked in w/ contact list)
What is an “app?”
Barriers and NeedsBarriers and Needs
Veterans VA ServicesVeterans
• Stigma• Geographic distance
VA Services
• Limited resources throughout systemg p
• Busy schedules• Intermittent symptoms• Sub‐threshold or non‐disorder
• Competing demands on Providers’ time
• Pressure to move patients through i l li i i klspecific problems
• Need to address whole person with various co‐occurring
bl
specialty clinics quickly• Limited staffing/ availability of appointments
• Limited evening/weekend hoursproblems• Risk of relapse
• Limited evening/weekend hours• Need to establish outcomes monitoring
• Limited opportunities to engage• Limited opportunities to engage families and communities
Mobile Applications as a Solution?Mobile Applications as a Solution?
• The recentThe recent emergence and pervasiveness of
The ultimate goals:Imobile devices
has led to i ti i
Improve treatment delivery
By increasing efficiency,
Increase treatment effectiveness
Effective tools to provide psychoeducation, develop
innovations in clinical care that address some of
accessibility, and alleviating implementation challenges.
treatment strategies, practice invaluable skills introduced in therapy, improve tracking and
monitoring capabilities (including in‐the‐momentaddress some of
these challenges.(including in the moment assessment), and improve
upon risk mitigation.
Applicable Characteristics of Mobile h lTechnology
Anonymous and SafeAnonymous and Safe
Accessible and Immediate
Targeted
ConnectedConnected
Applicable Characteristics of Mobile h lTechnology
Anonymous and Safe
•A stigma‐free alternative•Safe from family or others who may share computer•See modeling e.g. videos or educational materials about what others are going through
Anonymous and Safe
•These devices are always on, always accessible, and can be utilized in the natural
Accessible and Immediate
environment of the user across various situations in most parts of the world. •Assessment, intervention, and connection with resources available when needed most•Real‐time self‐assessments may be more accurate than retrospective assessment (ecological momentary assessment).C id i l i ti l diffi lti l t d t t t t it t•Can aid in logistical difficulties related to treatment commitments
•Low/no cost in most cases•Provides interventions or resources (e.g. hotlines) in the moment even when clinics aren’t open
•Expectation of digital access and flexibility among younger generation•Expectation of digital access and flexibility among younger generation•Can replace workbooks, tape recorders, and other lose‐able tools for face‐to‐face EBP
Applicable Characteristics of Mobile h lTechnology
Targeted (and if necessary, Indirect)
• Opportunity to provide necessary skills training including basic psychoeducation
• Subsyndromal problems can be addressed as can intermittent symptoms that may not require a whole course of EBP
• Problem recognition / readiness to change can be enhanced.• Functionality built into mobile devices can be leveraged to enhance the user’s experience through personalization captivating graphics multi‐mediauser s experience through personalization, captivating graphics, multi media presentations, game‐based learning, location‐based services, and more.
Connected devices
• Support systems can be contacted as needed• Individuals can be reached when in crisis• Patients in care can receive reminders (clinical or logistic) opportunities to• Patients in care can receive reminders (clinical or logistic), opportunities to rehearse skills and coping behaviors, and opportunities to self‐assess between sessions.
Mobile Phone Usage and TrendsMobile Phone Usage and Trends• 88% of U.S. households currently have at
least one mobile phoneleast one mobile phone.• 44% own a smartphone, as compared
with 18 percent two years ago. • By 2013, mobile phones will overtake PCs y , p
as the most common Web access device worldwide.
• 62% of smartphone users downloaded an app within the last 30 daysapp within the last 30 days.– Discover apps through searching the public
marketplaces (63%) or relying on recommendations of trusted others (61%).
– Those who download apps have avg 33– Those who download apps have avg 33 apps on their mobile phones.
• This marks the beginning of a wireless erain which smartphones will be the primary mechanism through which consumers willmechanism through which consumers will connect with friends, media, and the internet.
Why Build Apps in VA?Why Build Apps in VA?
• Veterans are already yseeking apps (just like everyone else!)
d• Opportunity to provide evidence‐informed, Veteran‐specific,Veteran specific, VA‐consistent options.
• Opportunity to advance science and influence healthcare in this country broadlycountry broadly.
C d U i M bilCurrent and Upcoming Mobile Apps for Mental HealthApps for Mental Health
Service Member / Vet / Patient
Concerned Significant Others Provider
Pre‐Clinical Self‐Administered
Apps
PTSD Coach
Provider‐Assisted Apps
Support Provision of EBP
Require Provider Oversight
Adults
PTSD Family Coach
Children Psychological First Aid
Mindfulness Coach
Skills for
PE Coach PTSD Symptom Monitoring Parenting
Psychological Recovery
mTBI
CPT Coach
ACT Coach
PTSD Medications Caregiver Strain
Meditation with Biofeedback
Safety Plan CBT‐I Coach
Mood Coach (Behavioral
T2 /DoD NCPTSD
Activation)
PST Coach
VACO
Stay Quit Coach
PTSD Coach OverviewPTSD Coach OverviewPTSD Coach is a mobile phone application for
people with Posttraumatic Stress Disorderpeople with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and those interested in learning more about PTSD.
This application provides:d i b PTSD• education about PTSD
• a self‐assessment tool• portable skills to address acute symptoms• direct connection to crisis support and• direct connection to crisis support and• information about treatment aimed at
guiding those who could benefit into care.It can be used as a stand‐alone education and
symptom management tool, or to augment face‐to‐face care with a healthcare professional.
Due to the application’s portability, these toolsDue to the application s portability, these tools are easily accessible when they are needed most.
Development TeamDevelopment Team
• Julia Hoffman, Psy.D.1,2, y• Laura Wald, Ph.D.1
• Eric Kuhn, Ph.D.1,3
• Carolyn Greene, Ph.D.4,1
• Josef I. Ruzek, Ph.D.1
• Kenneth Weingardt, Ph.D.4
1 VA National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1 VA National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder2 DoD National Center for Telehealth & Technology (T2)3 VA Sierra Pacific (VISN 21) Mental Illness Research, Education, & Clinical Center4 VA Office of Mental Health Services
Initial DevelopmentInitial Development
• 80 Veterans with PTSD participated in informal80 Veterans with PTSD participated in informal focus groups to provide input on features
• Top request: something I can do when I’m• Top request: something I can do when I m stressed wherever I am
V i i i i j d b• Various promising options rejected by Veterans, such as location based services
Home ScreenHome Screen• From the home screen (seen here),
users can choose from the four main actions of the application Each ofactions of the application. Each of these will be demonstrated in upcoming slides.
• Users may also use “Setup” to personalize the app with media from their own phone. Users are also guided through this processguided through this process automatically on their first time through the app.
• The “About” button provides users with information about the application and access to the team th t b ilt itthat built it.
Learn about PTSDLearn about PTSD• The Learn about PTSD section provides
psychoeducation about various frequently asked questions. Information q y qprovided here is derived from the National Center for PTSD Fact Sheets and the VA’s MyHealtheVet website.
• Information provided is around two topic areas• PTSD basics• How to find professional care and
what to expect in treatment
• When selected each topic leads to a• When selected, each topic leads to a separate page with brief written psychoeducation. Users can also choose to listen to the same information by clicking the ear iconclicking the ear icon.
Self‐AssessmentSelf Assessment• The PTSD CheckList (PCL) is a validated
measure, used broadly throughout the VA D D d i ili iVA, DoD, and civilian settings.
• After each self‐assessment, users are provided interpretive feedback includingprovided interpretive feedback including
• their symptom severity (high, medium, low) and
i f ti b t th i• information about their score relative to their last administration.
• Users can view their historical data inUsers can view their historical data in graphical form.
• Users can also schedule future assessments and will be given a reminder at the scheduled time.
Self‐Assessment ScreenshotsSelf Assessment Screenshots
Managing SymptomsManaging SymptomsThe main action of the application:
Providing people with skills to manage their stress in the momentmanage their stress in the moment they experience it.
Process:Process:• User selects symptom area• User rates distress on scale of 0 to 10 • Depending on the problem and the• Depending on the problem and the
severity, the user is routed to any of a number of cognitive‐behavioral skills.
• After completing the tool, user re‐p g ,rates distress.
• User receives feedback on score.• Option to give thumbs up/down.
Managing Symptoms Process
SUDS baseline
Symptom or Favorites
Appropriate tool
SUDS baseline
Thumbs up / thumbs down
SUDS
Shake / skip if desired
SUDS feedback
SUDS
Another tool or done
Symptoms and Tools MatrixSymptoms and Tools MatrixTool Classes
Re‐experiencing
AvoidanceSocial
IsolationDissociation Sad/Hopeless Anxiety Anger Sleep
Interactive relaxation tools x x x x x x
RID (Stress Inoculation Training) x
Change your perspective x x x x x x x
Grounding x x x x
Make a Plan to Reduce Isolation x
Take a Time Out x
Help Falling Asleep x
Schedule Pleasant Events x
Seek Support x x x x x x x
Distract from Intense Emotions x x x x
Soothe Yourself x x x x x
Inspiring Quotes x x x x x x X
Tool ExamplesTool Examples
Find Support
• Immediate access to public and/or personalpublic and/or personal supports
• Opportunity to add pp ycontacts to crisis list
• Links to various vetted hotlines and websites, primarily geared towards Veterans and Service MembersService Members.
Legal ConstraintsLegal Constraints
• The app does not collect PersonallyThe app does not collect Personally Identifiable Information
• End User License Agreement clearly indicates• End User License Agreement clearly indicates that this is not intended to replace treatment
Th d i d ff f h• The app does not transmit any data off of the device
• The only data that is collected is anonymous aggregate data
Evaluation PlanEvaluation Plan• Various trials are currently underway
to consider each of these items with:
F ibilit Program
to consider each of these items, with:– Veteran populations as well as civilians
in community care– PTSD and sub‐threshold PTSD
• Pilot data has been collectedFeasibility ProgramEvaluation
• Pilot data has been collected with Veterans with PTSD to assess usability and changes in self‐efficacy for coping,
Validation Clinical Outcomes
knowledge about PTSD, and stigma‐related beliefs.
• Preliminary analysis indicates that the app is usable increasesOutcomes that the app is usable, increases coping self‐efficacy, and decreases stigma toward seeking treatment in Veterans in treatment for PTSD regardless of SES, education, or era of service.
Metrics and Measures of SuccessMetrics and Measures of Success
Coming soon…
Clinic in Hand InitiativeClinic in Hand Initiative
• Led by Kathy Frisbee in VACOLed by Kathy Frisbee in VACO
• Creation of standards and governance as well as a pilot of iPad apps for caregivers that areas a pilot of iPad apps for caregivers that are linked to VA informatics
Bringing Mobile Applications into VA Mental Health
Challenges and opportunities in development, deployment, and implementation in VA settings.
Development of Mobile AppsDevelopment of Mobile Apps
Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health Care
• Apps do not replace pp ptherapy (or therapists).
• Apps can provide various functions to enhance carefunctions to enhance care at each stage of treatment, for example: symptom recognition, assessment, finding resources, engaging in g g gface‐to‐face EBP, aftercare/relapse preventionprevention.
Integrating Apps into VA Mental Health ( )Care (cont)
• All apps engage existing VA resources (webAll apps engage existing VA resources (web resources, clearinghouses, hotlines, etc.)
• Currently somewhat limited by lack of direct• Currently somewhat limited by lack of direct connection with provider (no email, SM, etc.)
Pil i b b d d hb d• Piloting web‐based dashboard to create wrap‐around approach to care
• Creating user guides and clinician guides
Integration of Apps into VA Care Starts hwith You!
• Prescribe to your patients• Suggest to family members (PTSD Family Coach)(PTSD Family Coach)
• Provide feedback throughout the process tothroughout the process to let us know what you need, what is working, and what i ’tisn’t.
mentalhealthapps@gmail [email protected]
Future DirectionsFuture Directions
• Linkage to electronic health record and self‐Linkage to electronic health record and selfentered database
• Ability to share directly with clinicians toAbility to share directly with clinicians to optimize care. Bidirectional communication including personalization of apps by clinicians.
• System‐wide surveillance to enhance program evaluation and mitigate crisis
Questions?Questions?
li ffJulia Hoffman, Psy.D.
Email to be added to distribution list to try newEmail to be added to distribution list to try new apps.