CS&E 1111 ExLogic

Microsoft ExcelLogical FunctionsMicrosoft Excel

Logical Functions

Objectives:

Using Boolean Logic in Spreadsheets Relational operators Boolean operators –Functions None of logical construct

Using Conditional Formatting

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

Boolean Logical ValuesBoolean Logical Values

Is 3 greater than 5 ? The answer is either True or False

TRUE and FALSE are Boolean ValuesMathematically this would be represented by the

expression 3>5

How much greater is 5 than 3? This answer requires an arithmetic value

Mathematically this would be represented by the expression 5 - 3

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

<, >, <=, >=, =, <> The result is always either TRUE or FALSE Relational Expressions:

• =38<=6 results is the value FALSE•=B2=5+3 results is the value TRUE if B2 equals 8

Excel provides a class of operators known as Relational Operators that can be used to perform a comparison of the left and right

sides of an expression

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

• Blue’s total is higher than Jones’ grade: =E4>E5

• Jones’ total is the maximum in the class: =E8=E5

• The average total of students is less than 300:

=Average(E4:E6)<300

Simple Relational ExpressionsSimple Relational Expressions

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

Are these expressions equivalent?

Precedence of Relational OperatorsPrecedence of Relational Operators

=B4+B5<=150

=(B4+B5)<=150

Relational operators are always evaluated last…

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

How do you determine if all of the students got above 320 points to pass the class or if anyone

got below 320 points?

Boolean Logic OperatorsBoolean Logic Operators

We can use Boolean Operators - each operator has a corresponding Excel Function

AND, OR, NOT

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

Boolean Logic OperatorsBoolean Logic Operators

AND - All items must be true for the statement to be true

OR - At least one item must be true for the statement to be true

NOT – switches a True to a False and a False to a True

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

The AND FunctionThe AND Function

Excel uses a Function to perform the AND operation

Syntax: =AND(logical1,logical2, ...)Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE if one or more arguments is FALSE

=AND(TRUE, TRUE) TRUE

=AND(F5,F6) where cell F5=TRUE & cell F6= TRUE TRUE

=AND(F5:F10) where cell F10=FALSE FALSE

=AND(3>B7, 2+4=5) equals the value FALSE where cell B7=1

For more details on how it treats text or blanks, look at the function on Excel help.

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

The AND FunctionThe AND Function

Is everyone in the class an Honors student? =And(F4:F6)

Did everyone pass the course? - the passing score is 320 points

= And(E4>=320, E5>=320, E6>=320)

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

The OR FunctionThe OR FunctionExcel uses a Function to perform the OR operation

Syntax: =AND(logical1,logical2, ...)Returns TRUE if any of its arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE only if all arguments are FALSE

=OR(TRUE, FALSE) TRUE

=OR(F5,F6) where cell F5=FALSE & cell F6= FALSE FALSE

=AND(F5:F10) where cell F10=TRUE TRUE

=AND(3>B7, 2+4=5) equals the value TRUE where cell B7=1

For more details on how it treats text or blanks, look at the function on Excel help.

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

The OR FunctionThe OR Function

Is anyone in the class an Honors student? =OR(F4:F6)

Did at least one student pass the course - the passing score is 320 points

= OR(E4>=320, E5>=320, E6>=320)

Can we just write OR(E4:E6>=20)?

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

The NOT FunctionThe NOT Function

Excel uses a Function to perform the NOT operation

Syntax: =NOT(logical)Reverses the value of its argument. Turns a TRUE to a FALSE - and a FALSE to a TRUE. Use NOT when you want to make sure a value is not equal to one particular value.

A NOT function takes only ONE argument

=NOT(FALSE) equals the value TRUE

=NOT(F3) where F3=True equals the value FALSE

=NOT(3>5) equals TRUE

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

The NOT Function

The NOT Function

Blue is not an Honors student=NOT(F4)

Blue didn’t get a passing grade (320)?=NOT(E4>=320)

is the same as E4<320

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

How can we determine if none of the students are

Honors students?

Prove at least one student is an honors student (TRUE) then you know the statement none is FALSE

= NOT(OR(F4:F6))Another way is to prove each one is not an honor’s student

= AND(NOT(F4), Not(F5), Not(F6))

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

More Practice

• Blue’s total and Jones’ total are greater than Grey’s: =AND(E4>E6, E5>E6) FALSE• Grey’s total is not the maximum grade: =NOT(E6=MAX(E4:E7)) TRUE• None of the students passed the course= NOT(OR(G4:G5)) TRUE

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

“Conditional Formatting” allows the user to format a cell or range of cells based on specific criteria. The user has the option to setup criteria based on a value in a cell or based on a formula.

Conditional FormattingConditional Formatting

CS&E 1111 ExLogic

What we’ve learned using Boolean Logical Constructs in Decision Making

What we’ve learned using Boolean Logical Constructs in Decision Making

A relational expression can be used to compare two values.

To determine if a list of logical arguments are ALL true use the AND function. (every, both)

To determine if at least one value is TRUE from a list of logical arguments use the OR function. (any, some)

Use the NOT function to change a TRUE value to FALSE and visa versa. Combine a NOT(OR() construct to determine if none of the values are TRUE.