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Presentati on On CRUDE OIL CHARACTERISTICS

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CRUDE OIL CHARACTERISTICS

Petroleum/CrudeNatural occurring hydrocarbon found below the surface of the earth.

oil•

• “Crude Oil” means all kinds of hydrocarbons in liquidform in their natural state or obtained by Natural Gasby condensation or extraction. It is a hydrocarbonmixture having simple to most complex structuressuch as resins, asphaltenes etc.

• Crude oil is formed by bacterial transformation ofOrganic matter (carbohydrates/proteins/from plant &animal origin) by decay in presence and/or absenceof air into HC rich sediments by undergoingbiological/physical and chemical alterations

Chemical

Carbon Hydrogen Sulphur Nitrogen OxygenMetals

Composition

83.0 to 87.0%10.0 to 14.0 %0.05 to 6.0 %

0.1 to 2.0 %0.05 to 1.5 %0.00 to 0.14 %

••

Crude Oil Characterization

••

TRADING : Density, API Gravity

TRANSPORTATION: RVP, Pour Point, KV,Wax content

Salt content, BS&W

Sulfur, Nitrogen, TAN,Asphaltene, MCR

ASTM Distillation

Light hydrocarbons (GC)

••

CONTAMINATIONPROCESSABILITY

::

••

CRACKING POINT

LPG POTENTIAL

CLASSIFICATION

::

: Characterization factor

World Crude Oil QualityProperties

of Crude Oil

1985 1990 1995 2001 2010

(Proj)

‘S’ in crude Oil

(wt%)

1.14 1.12 1.31 1.41 1.51

API Gravity of Crude oil 32.7 32.6 32.4 32.2 31.8

Metal in crude oilResidue (ppm wt)

275 286 297 309 320

Residue in crude (vol%) 19 19.4 19.8 20.2 21.3

‘S’ in crude oil residue(wt%)

3.07 3.26 3.61 3.91 4.0

Crude Oil Evaluation Scheme

ALL TESTS ARE CONDUCTED AS PER STANDARD TEST METHODS : ASTM/IP/IS

SR540-

600C+

Vac Gas Oil370-540/600C

Atm.Resid370C+

Gas oil240-370C

Kero140-240C

NaphthaC5-140C

TBP Distillation

Properties of Crude oil

27

31.4

Characteristics Basrah Light BombayHigh

Arab mix Kuwait North Gujarat

Density, gm/ml API gravity Pour point, oCKinematic Viscosity

@40 oC

@50 oC

Water content, %wt Salt content, ptb Sulphur, %wtTAN, mgKOH/gmCCR, %wt Wax, %wt Asphaltene, %wtASTMDistillation cracking

point, oCMetal content, ppmNickel/vanadium

0.874530.3-30

-- nil103.1-5.91.22.6

339

-

0.820041.021

3.4- nil-0.090.11.112.70.25

372

-

0.866431.6-24

10.08.9 nil L202.70.146.42.52.3

322

4/23

0.874130.3-27

11.18.5 nil2.02.80.145.46.02.5

335

4/33

0.893226.8

65.6

4.12000.081.932.55.90.05

367

61/L10

API Gravity

API Gravity

API•

=(141.5/sp.gravity)-131.5

Light Crude OilMixed Based

Heavy crude

>3122-31

<22

API is a major factor for Crude pricing

BS&WBase sediments and Water determined by Karl Fischer titration using a Met Rohm 701 KF Automatic Titrator (ASTM D 4377) or by Distillation method, ASTM D4006

• Oils with significant water contents, (>5%),represent the properties of the "dry" oil.

do not

Flash Point

flash points and fire points of lubricating oils can bedetermined by ASTM method D 92/IP 170

Many fresh crude oils have flash points below 10oCand/or viscosities above 9.5 cSt at 25oC

Pour Point The pour point of an oil is the lowest temperature

at which the oil will just flow, under standard testconditions. The pour point of the oils is thereforean indication, and not an exact measure, of thetemperature at which flow ceases.

ASTM method D 97 - Standard Test Method forforPour Point of Petroleum Oils (ASTM, 1996a)

pour point determinations.

Heavy & waxy oil transportation is a challenge

Viscosity

There are several ASTM Standard Methods for measuringthe viscosity of oils. Of these, only methods D 445

-ofof

Standard Test MethodOpaque

for Kinematic ViscosityCalculation

Transparent and Liquids (theDynamic Viscosity) and D 4486 - Standard Testfor Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive

MethodLiquids, (ASTM,will yield absolute viscosity measurements

1996a). Both of these methods make

anduse of glass capillary

absolutekinematic viscometers will producemeasurements in units of centistokes (cSt) only for oilsthat exhibit Newtonian flow behavior (viscosityindependent of the rate of shear).

Products•Fuel Oil (High S, Low S)•

LPGNaphtha •Fuel Oil (High or low Viscosity)

•LSHS

•HPS

Petrol (BS-II/BSIII)Kerosene

ATF

Diesel (BS-II/BS-III)

LOBS

Bitumen

RPC Wax

•Petrochemical feed•LABFS

• HPL Naphtha

stock

•Petrochemicals•pX, PTA

•LAB etc

THANKYOU !!!