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CRITICISM
“ The stones that critics hurl with harsh intent, a man may use to build a
monument.”-Arthur Guiterman
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vvtprqhyoI
YOUNG, ______________________ DOGS
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE
May also be considered a Developmental disorderCracks in ________________________________
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE - DX
• Early - Decreased bone density of epiphysis, sclerosis and thickening of femoral neck
• Later- ____________ areas in femoral neck
• End-stage – flattening and extreme deformation of the femoral head, severe osteoarthritis
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE: TREATMENT (SX)
FEMORAL HEAD AND NECK EXCISION
FHNE
LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE
• Client education– Recovery from surgery takes 3-6 months
– Glucosamines and chondroitin sulfate
– May be hereditary – ______________________
– With sx – good to excellent prognosis for full recovery
– Conservative therapy – alleviate lameness in 2-3 months in 25%
DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS: OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
Large breed fast growing dogsYoung
Large breed fast growing dogsYoung
NORMAL BONE
OCD: Disturbance of ______________________ in long bones that leads to excessive retention of cartilage
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
FAILURE OF THE LOWER LAYERS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE TO MATURE INTOBONE RESULTS IN THICKENED CARTILAGE THAT IS PRONE TO INJURYDisturbance of endochondral ossification that leads to excessive retention of cartilage
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS: cartilage flap with inflammatory joint
changes
CARTILAGE FLAP OF THE SCAPULOHUMERALJOINT WHICH IS THE MOST COMMON LOCATION
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
CARTILAGE FLAP IN THE STIFLE JOINT (_____________________: loose cartilage flap)
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bJqjqh5a2A
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS: PANOSTEITIS
LARGE, MEDIUM BREEDS AT A YOUNG AGE 6-18 MONTHS
CAUSE: UNKNOWN, BUT THERE ARE MANY SUSPECTED CONTRIBUTORS
PANOSTEITIS
1. PELVIS2. LESIONS OF PANOSTEITIS3. FEMUR
INFLAMMATION IN THE __________________________________OF LONG BONES THAT LEADSTO PAIN, LAMENESS, AND FEVER (Viral?)
PANOSTEITIS
INCREASED MEDULLARY _____________________
PANOSTEITIS
TREATMENT OF PANOSTEITIS INCLUDESNSAIDS AND CAGE RESTFull recovery ~ 1 year
THIS DISEASE IS ____________________ AND HAS A GOOD PROGNOSIS!
COXOFEMORAL LUXATIONS
HX OF TRAUMA, ACUTE LAMENESS, NON WEIGHT BEARING, POSSIBLESWELLING OVER THE HIP
Stifle rotated: outwardHock: inwardCRANIODORSAL LUXATION
LUXATIONS
_______________LUXATION IS THEMOST COMMON TYPEStifle rotated: outwardHock: inward
Hip Luxation• Rx
– Closed reduction• anesthesia required for proper muscle
relaxation
– Using traction, rotate and pull head back in place
– Open reduction• Replace head of femur and suture soft tissue around acetabulum to keep it in place• FHO
– Either way, bandage in abduction x 2 wk (______________)
DON’T GIVE UP!“Courage doesn’t always roar.
Sometimes courage is that quiet voice at the end of the day that says ‘I will
try again tomorrow.’
TUMORS OF THE BONE
MOST COMMON IN LARGE BREEDMALE DOGS OLDER THAN 7 YRS OFAGE
THE ___________________ IS THE MOSTCOMMON LOCATION
TUMORS OF THE BONE
85%-90% OF BONE CANCER IN DOGS IS OSTEOSARCOMA
TUMORS OF THE BONE
OSTEOSARCOMA TENDS TO OCCUR AWAY FROMTHE ELBOW AND TOWARDS THE KNEE
TUMORS OF THE BONE
METASTASIS OF OSTEOSARCOMA TO THE LUNGS; THERE IS USUALLY ALREADY SOME MICROSCOPIC SREAD OF TUMOR BY THE TIME IT IS DIAGNOSED
TUMORS OF THE BONE
____________ OF THE AFFECTED LIMBALONG WITH CHEMOTHERAPY IS A COMMON TREATMENT PLAN
SURVIVAL TIME IS ~12 MONTHS EVEN WITH AGGRESSIVE THERAPY
MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITISImmune Mediated
____________________________
MYOPATHIES: POLYMYOSITIS
BiopsyGlucocorticoids
MYOPATHIES: MASTICATORY MUSCLE MYOSITIS (aka atrophic myositis, eosinophilic myositis)
Immune mediated (type 2M muscle fibers)
CLINICAL SIGNS INCLUDE ELEVATED 3RD EYELIDS, ATROPHY OF THE JAW MUSCLES (____________, ________________), AND INABILITY TO OPEN THE MOUTH (TRISMUS)
MYOPATHIES: FELINE POLYMYOPATHY - Acquired
CERVICAL VENTROFLEXION OF THE NECK 2° TO ____________________ (chronic renal disease): neuromuscular weakness
Declaw
• Considered “inhumane” by some people
• Outlawed in some European countries
• San Francisco “advises” against it
• It is an amputation of the _________________ of cat’s toes
Declaw• Reasons why owners declaw cats
– Shredded furniture, drapes– Scratched by cat
• Procedure– Apply tourniquet to leg– Anesthetize, remove claws– Tight bandages x 3 d– Send home
• _____________________
Dock Tails• Also banned in some European countries
• Done at 2-5 days old
• No anesthesia
• 1 stitch
