Crisis and First Responder Training - NT · Crisis and First Responder Training Light University 6 Video-based Curriculum • Utilizes DVD presentations that incorporate over 150

CrisisandFirstResponderTraining

CrisisResponseandTraumaCareSeries

P.O.Box739•Forest,VA24551•1-800-526-8673•www.AACC.net


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WelcometoLightUniversityandthe“CrisisandFirstResponderTraining”programofstudy.Our prayer is that you will be blessed by your studies and increase your effectiveness inreaching out to others. We believe you will find this program to be academically sound,clinicallyexcellentandbiblically-based.Our faculty represents some of the best in their field – including professors, counselors andministers who provide students with current, practical instruction relevant to the needs oftoday’sgenerations.We have alsoworked hard to provide youwith a program that is convenient and flexible –givingyoutheadvantageof“classroominstruction”onlineandallowingyoutocompleteyourtrainingonyourowntimeandscheduleinthecomfortofyourhomeoroffice.Thetestmaterialcanbefoundatwww.lightuniversity.comandmaybetakenopenbook.Onceyouhavesuccessfullycompletedthetest,whichcoverstheunitswithinthiscourse,youwillbeawardedacertificateofcompletionsignifyingyouhavecompletedthisprogramofstudy.Thank you for your interest in this program of study. Our prayer is that you will grow inknowledge,discernment,andpeople-skillsthroughoutthiscourseofstudy.Sincerely,

RonHawkinsDean,LightUniversity


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TheAmericanAssociationofChristianCounselors

• Represents the largestorganizedmembership (nearly50,000)ofChristian counselorsandcaregiversintheworld,havingjustcelebratedits25thanniversaryin2011.• Knownforitstop-tierpublications(ChristianCounselingToday,theChristianCounseling

Connection and Christian Coaching Today), professional credentialing opportunitiesofferedthroughtheInternationalBoardofChristianCare(IBCC),excellenceinChristiancounseling education, an array of broad-based conferences and live training events,radioprograms,regulatoryandadvocacyeffortsonbehalfofChristianprofessionals,apeer-reviewed Ethics Code, and collaborative partnerships such as CompassionInternational,theNationalHispanicChristianLeadershipConferenceandCareNet(tonameafew),theAACChasbecomethefaceofChristiancounselingtoday.

• With theneededvisionandpractical supportnecessary, theAACChelped launch the

InternationalChristianCoachingAssociation(ICCA)in2011,whichnowrepresentsthelargestChristianlifecoachingorganizationintheworldwithover2,000membersandgrowing.

OurMission

The AACC is committed to assisting Christian counselors, the entire “community of care,”licensedprofessionals,pastors,and laychurchmemberswith littleorno formal training. It isourintentiontoequipclinical,pastoral,andlaycaregiverswithbiblicaltruthandpsychosocialinsights that minister to hurting persons and helps them move to personal wholeness,interpersonalcompetence,mentalstability,andspiritualmaturity.


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OurVision

TheAACC’svisionhastwocriticaldimensions:First,wedesiretoservetheworldwideChristianChurch by helping foster maturity in Christ. Secondly, we aim to serve, educate, and equip1,000,000 professional clinicians, pastoral counselors, and lay helpers throughout the nextdecade.WearecommittedtohelpingtheChurchequipGod’speopletoloveandcareforoneanother.We recognize Christian counseling as a unique form of Christian discipleship, assisting thechurch in its call to bring believers to maturity in the lifelong process of sanctification—ofgrowingtomaturityinChristandexperiencingabundantlife.Werecognizesomearegiftedtodosointhecontextofaclinical,professionaland/orpastoralmanner.Wealsobelieveselected laypeoplearecalledtocareforothersandthattheyneedtheappropriatetrainingandmentoringtodoso.WebelievetheroleofthehelpingministryintheChurchmustbesupportedbythreestrongcords:thepastor,thelayhelper,andtheclinicalprofessional.ItistothesethreerolesthattheAACCisdedicatedtoserve(Ephesians4:11-13).

OurCoreValues

InthenameofChrist,theAmericanAssociationofChristianCounselorsabidesbythefollowingvalues:

VALUE1:OURSOURCEWearecommittedtohonorJesusChristandglorifyGod,remainingflexibleandresponsivetotheHolySpiritinallthatHehascalledustobeanddo.VALUE2:OURSTRENGTHWearecommittedtobiblicaltruths,andtoclinicalexcellenceandunityinthedeliveryofallourresources,services,trainingandbenefits.VALUE3:OURSERVICEWeare committed toeffectivelyandcompetently serve the communityof careworldwide—bothourmembership and the churchat large—withexcellenceand timeliness, andbyover-deliveryonourpromises.VALUE4:OURSTAFFWearecommittedtovalueandinvestinourpeopleaspartnersinourmissiontohelpotherseffectivelyprovideChrist-centeredcounselingandsoulcareforhurtingpeople.VALUE5:OURSTEWARDSHIPWe are committed to profitably steward the resourcesGod gives to us in order to continueservingtheneedsofhurtingpeople.


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LightUniversity• Establishedin1999undertheleadershipofDr.TimClinton—hasnowseennearly200,000

students from around the world (including lay caregivers, pastors and chaplains, crisisresponders,lifecoaches,andlicensedmentalhealthpractitioners)enrollincoursesthataredelivered via multiple formats (live conference and webinar presentations, video-basedcertificationtraining,andastate-of-theartonlinedistanceteachingplatform).

• Thesepresentations,courses,andcertificateanddiplomaprograms,offeroneofthemostcomprehensive orientations to Christian counseling anywhere. The strength of LightUniversity is partially determined by its world-class faculty—over 150 of the leadingChristianeducators,authors,mentalhealthcliniciansandlifecoachingexpertsintheUnitedStates. This core groupof facultymembers represents a literal “Who’sWho” inChristiancounseling. No other university in the world has pulled together such a diverse andcomprehensivegroupofprofessionals.

• Educational and training materials cover over 40 relevant core areas in Christian—

counseling, lifecoaching,mediation,andcrisis response—equippingcompetentcaregiversand ministry leaders who are making a difference in their churches, communities, andorganizations.

OurMissionStatement

TotrainonemillionBiblicalCounselors,ChristianLifeCoaches,andChristianCrisisRespondersbyeducating,equipping,andservingtoday’sChristianleaders.

AcademicallySound•ClinicallyExcellent•DistinctivelyChristian


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Video-basedCurriculum

• UtilizesDVDpresentations that incorporateover 150 of the leading Christian educators,authors,mentalhealthclinicians,andlifecoachingexpertsintheUnitedStates.

• Eachpresentationisapproximately50-60minutesinlengthandmostareaccompaniedbyacorrespondingtext(inoutlineformat)anda10-questionexaminationtomeasurelearningoutcomes.Therearenearly1,000uniquepresentationsthatareavailableandorganizedinvariouscourseofferings.

• Learning is self-directed and pacing is determined according to the individual timeparameters/scheduleofeachparticipant.

• With the successful completion of each program course, participants receive an officialCertificate of Completion. In addition to the normal Certificate of Completion that eachparticipant receives, Regular and Advanced Diplomas in Biblical Counseling are alsoavailable.

Ø TheRegularDiploma isawardedbytakingCaringForPeopleGod’sWay,BreakingFreeandoneadditionalElectiveamongtheavailableCoreCourses.

Ø TheAdvancedDiplomaisawardedbytakingCaringForPeopleGod’sWay,BreakingFree,andanythreeElectivesamongtheavailableCoreCourses.

Credentialing

• LightUniversitycourses,programs,certificatesanddiplomasarerecognizedandendorsedbytheInternationalBoardofChristianCare(IBCC)anditsthreeaffiliateBoards:theBoardofChristianProfessional&PastoralCounselors(BCPPC);theBoardofChristianLifeCoaching(BCLC);andtheBoardofChristianCrisis&TraumaResponse(BCCTR).

• Credentialing is a separateprocess from certificate or diploma completion.However, theIBCC accepts Light University and Light University Online programs as meeting theacademic requirements for credentialing purposes. Graduates are eligible to apply forcredentialinginmostcases.

Ø Credentialinginvolvesanapplication,attestation,andpersonalreferences.

Ø CredentialrenewalsincludeContinuingEducationrequirements,re-attestation,andoccureitherannuallyorbienniallydependingonthespecificBoard.


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OnlineTesting

TheURLfortakingallquizzesforthiscourseis:http://www.lightuniversity.com/my-account/.

• TOLOGINTOYOURACCOUNT

Ø You should have received an email upon checkout that included your username,password,andalinktologintoyouraccountonline.

• MYDASHBOARDPAGE

Ø Once registered, youwill see theMyDVD Course Dashboard link by placing yourmousepointerovertheMyAccountmenuinthetopbarofthewebsite.Thispagewill include studentPROFILE informationand theREGISTEREDCOURSES forwhichyouareregistered.TheLOG-OUTandMYDASHBOARDtabswillbeinthetoprightofeachscreen.Clickingonthe>nexttothecoursewilltakeyoutothecoursepagecontainingthequizzes.

• QUIZZES

Ø Simplyclickonthefirstquiztobegin.

• PRINTCERTIFICATE

Afterallquizzesaresuccessfullycompleted,a“PrintYourCertificate”buttonwillappearnearthetopofthecoursepage.YouwillnowbeabletoprintoutaCertificateofCompletion.Yournameandthecourseinformationarepre-populated.ContinuingEducationThe AACC is approved by the American Psychological Association (APA) to offer continuingeducationforpsychologists.TheAACCisaco-sponsorofthistrainingcurriculumandaNationalBoard of Certified Counselors (NBCC)ApprovedContinuing Education Provider (ACEPTM). TheAACC may award NBCC approved clock hours for events or programs that meet NBCCrequirements.TheAACCmaintainsresponsibilityforthecontentofthistrainingcurriculum.TheAACCalsoofferscontinuingeducationcreditforplaytherapiststhroughtheAssociationforPlayTherapy (APT Approved Provider #14-373), so long as the training element is specificallyapplicabletothepracticeofplaytherapy.It remains the responsibility of each individual to be aware of his/her state licensure andContinuing Education requirements. A letter certifying participation will be mailed to thoseindividuals who submit a Continuing Education request and have successfully completed allcourserequirements.


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CrisisandFirstResponderTraining:TableofContentsCRFR101:TraumaandCrisisCare:WhyWeServe...................................................................9DianeLangberg,Ph.D.CRFR102:CrisisResponse:AnOverviewofEmergencyMentalHealthandChaplaincy.........15JenniferCisney,M.A.,TomWebb,Th.M.andCapt.JimNelms,B.A.CRFR103:TheEthicsandProtocolofCrisisCare........................................................................21Capt.JimNelms,B.A.CRFR104:CollateralDamage:FirestormsofFaith.....................................................................28KenNichols,Psy.D.CRFR105:CrisisTheoryandAssessment....................................................................................34JenniferCisney,M.A.andJoshuaStraub,Ph.D.CRFR106:ATheologyofSufferingandthe“CrisisofFaith”.....................................................40RonHawkins,Ed.D.,D.Min.CRFR107:StabilityafterCrisis:TheFirstSevenDays.................................................................45KevinEllers,D.Min.CRFR108:GettingPluggedIn:TheLogisticsofRespondingtoCrisisandDisaster....................53KevinEllers,D.Min.andJenniferCisney,M.A.CRFR109:DeathNotificationandFamilyAssistance................................................................60GregoryYoung,M.Div.CRFR110:Suicide:CopingwiththeAftermath..........................................................................72TomWebb,Th.M.CRFR111:ChildrenandCrisis......................................................................................................80Capt.JimNelms,B.A.CRFR112:AmbassadorsofFaithandtheMinistryofPresence................................................89CharlieDavidson,D.D.BonusCD—CRFR113:CopingwithTraumaticMemoryDianeLangberg,Ph.D.BonusCD—CRFR114:PostTraumaticStressandPostTraumaticStressDisorderMichaelLyles,M.D.BonusCD—CRFR115:HelpingOthersRecoverfromTraumaandLossH.NormanWright,M.A.,MRE


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CRFR101:

TraumaandCrisisCare:WhyWeServe

DianeLangberg,Ph.D.


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AbstractTheverynatureoftraumaisthatitisdifficulttoseeandspeakabout.Thiscoursewilldiscussthefoundationofcrisisworkandthecostsinvolved.LearningObjectives:

Participantswillbeabletodiscusstheuniquewaysinwhichcrisiscanaffectthepeople1.whomittouches.

Participants will be able to recognize their calling and their role in God’s plan of2.resurrectionforthosewhohavesuffered.

Participantswillunderstandthefoundationofcrisisworkandthecostsinvolved.3.


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I. IntroductionAtraumaisbothexternallyandinternallystaggering.Becausethethingsthatcrisisworkersseeandexperiencearesoterribletocomprehend,manypeoplepushtheirexperiencesfromtheirconsciousmind.Theproblemwiththisnaturalreactionisthatinordertohealfromtrauma,itmustbeexposedanddiscussed.Theunspeakablemustbedescribedandremembered.

II. Concepts

A. Push/PullComplex

1. Aconflictariseswhentraumavictimsandcrisisworkersaretornbetweentheneedtoforgetandtheneedtospeak.

2. Thisisarecurringdialecticthatcanaffectnotonlythosewhohaveenduredtrauma,butthosewhomustlistentothemspeakaboutit.

3. Healingcannotoccuruntilthatwhichonemostwantstoforgetisremembered.

B. CrisisisaCalling1. CrisisworkershavebeencalledinthenameofJesusChristtoenterintothe

mostatrocioussituations.

2. ThiscallingisawaytofollowtheexampleofJesuswhoalsointercededforthoseinneedanddarkness.

C. Isaiah61:1,2

1. ThepeopleofGodarecrisisworkersforthisworld.


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2. God’speople,inordertofollowJesus,mustwalkintopoverty,brokenness,anddespairwithoutpromiseofmaterialorimmediatereward.

D. TraumaislikeDeath

1. Bothtraumaanddeathareplacesofdarknessandpowerlessness.

2. Thetaintoftraumaiscarriedwithpeoplewhoworkwithitintotheirdailylives.

3. Inordertotrulyhelpothers,wemustlearnhowtohelpourselves.

E. Philippians31. PaulencouragesthechurchtovalueknowingChristoveranyworldlysuccess.

2. ThedegreetowhichweknowChristdirectlycorrespondstothedegreetowhichweareabletoworkamongsttrauma.

3. Withoutbeginningfromaplaceofworship,wewillnotbeabletofacethetraumatizedwithoutbeingmetwithpanicanddespairratherthanwithforgivenessandtolerance.

4. Ifyouwanttowalkwellwiththosethataresuffering,youmustbeginonyourknees.

F. FreeinOrdertoFreeOthers

1. InordertosharethetruthsthatChristofferstothosesuffering,youmusthavefeltthosetruthsworkthroughyou.

2. Toreachouttopeopleindarkplaceswithlight,youmustnothaveanydarkplacesoffearwithinyourself.


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3. Tofreeotherswithoutbeingfreewillhardenanddestroyyou.

G. TheResurrectionofLazarus1. JustlikewithLazarus,Godhascalledhumanstohelphimwiththeresurrection

ofothers.

2. Hehascalledustouseourgifts,experience,andtrainingtodotheworkthatwillallowhimtobringresurrectionandlight.

3. Beinggoodatourworkisimperative,butunderstandingthatthepowerbehinditisnotoursisthekeytohumility.

H. TheLeastofThose

1. Whenyoucarefororwitnesssufferinginothers,youarecaringforOurLord.

2. Bearingtheburdensofotherscanbedisruptiveandrisky,butGodisalwaystheretobearyourburdens.

3. ThereisnopartofanytragedythatyouwillencounterthatJesushasnotfacedandcarried;noneofusmustfacetragedyalone.

I. Isaiah45:3

1. WhenyoupartnerwithGodtoresurrectothers,youwillundoubtedlyberesurrected.

2. PartsofyourselfthathelddarknesswillbeexposedandhealedandyouwillyearntoseekHim.


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III. Conclusion

Theabilitytoworkwiththetraumatizedisauniqueandimportantone,butyoumustneverforgetthatyouaremerelyaservantcalledtodotheworkofGod.CrisisisacallingandanhonorplacedonyoubyGodtoworkwithhimtobringresurrectiontothesufferinginthisworld.

IV. FurtherConsideration

A. Howdoeshealingoccur?

B. Howarethosewhohavefacedtraumalikethedead?

C. WheredoesPaulinstructustobeginourworkwithvictims?

D. WhydidJesusaskforhelpwhenheraisedLazarusfromthedead?

Bibliography/ReadingList

Langberg,D.(2003).CounselingSurvivorsofSexualAbuse.Longwood,FL:XulonPressLangberg,D.(1988).CounselingPastor’sWives.GrandRapids,MI:ZondervanLangberg,D.(1991).FeelingGood,FeelingBad.ServantPubns.


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CRFR102:CrisisResponse:AnOverviewofEmergency

MentalHealthandChaplaincy

JenniferCisney,M.A.;TomWebb,Th.M.;Capt.JimNelms,B.A.


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AbstractThis panel discussionwill define and illustrate the concept of howemergencymental healthhelps us to fulfill our role in the Church and howwe can, like Christ, help those who havesuffered.LearningObjectives:

ParticipantswillbeabletodescribehowGod’speoplecanworktogethertohelpothers1.incrisissituations.

Participantswillbeabletoacknowledgethatmentalhealthprofessionals,pastors,and2.peersallhaveimportantrolesinemergencymentalhealth.

Participantswillunderstandtheimportanceofthechurchincrisisintervention.3.


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I. Introduction

A. Crisiscanbebigorsmallanditcanaffectmanyorjustafew.

B. Godhascalledustohelpthosewhoaresufferingandthisextendseasilytocrisisresponse.

C. Ifemployedcorrectly,thechurchandChristianscanbeapowerfultoolforhelpingvictimsoftrauma.

II. Definitions

A. PsychologicalFirstAid-theimmediateactionthatmustbetakenwithvictimsoftraumainordertopreparethemforhealingdowntheroad;atemporaryintervention.

B. EmergencyMentalHealth-theresponsibilityofallChristianstoshowGod’slovetooneanotherinatimeofdireneed,includingbothphysicalandspiritualcare.

III. Concepts

A. AnyoneCanBeanInterventionist

1. Youmightnotgettochooseyourrole,youmightjustbethereinthefaceofsomeonewhohasfacedtraumaandislookingtoyouforstability.

2. ContrarytopopularbeliefintheChurch,specialtrainingisrequiredtohelppeoplewhohavesufferedacriticalincidentbutanyonecanhelpwiththepracticalmattersofmentalhealth.


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3. Peopleaffectedbytraumaphysically,cognitively,andemotionally.

4. Ourfirstgoalsshouldresidearoundgettingthevictim’sneedsmet---savethephilosophicaldiscussionforlater.

B. CrisisComesinAllSizes

1. Psychologicalfirstaidandcrisisinterventioncanbeinhugegroupsorone-on-one.

2. Whetherappliedtooneambulancedriveroragroupofdisasterworkers,themodelworks.

3. Bothpeersandmentalhealthprofessionalshaveimportantrolesincrisisresponse.

C. TheRolesWePlayinCrisis

1. Pastors-uniquelyrecognizedasanambassadorofGodandbringscalmandrelieftoterriblesituations.

2. Mentalhealthprofessionals-backgroundandknowledgeofsymptomsandwarningsignsareimportantforfuturereferral.

3. Peers-mostcriticalunderstandingofthepersonalitiesandtendenciesofthevictim.

4. Everyoneplaysthesameroleininitialcrisisresponse.

5. Wemustalltrynottofallbackonourprevioustrainingwhenparticipatinginpsychologicalfirstaid;therewillbeatimeforpastoralcareandpsychotherapylater.


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6. Thechurchhasperfectopportunitytodowhatthegovernmentcannoteffectivelydointimesoftragedy;wealreadyhaveasupportsystemset-up.

D. TeamWork

1. Inateamofinterventionists,itisimportantformemberstobalanceeachotheroutandbeaccountabletothemissionoftheteam.

2. Oneofthemostdifficultthingsyoumighthavetodoistotellanotherteammemberthatitisnotagoodtimeforthemtogotoacrisissituation.

3. Oneofthemosttherapeuticthingsyoucandowithsomeoneincrisisistopraywiththemorprayforthem;anymemberoftheteamcanpray.

4. Thesynergyfoundinthechurchisincrediblyimportantforthereturningteam;tofeelthatsupportisinvaluable.

IV. Conclusion

A. CrisisandtheChurch

1. CrisisresponseisadifficulttaskthateveryChristianiscalledbyGodtopartakein.Everyonewillhavedifferentrolesthatareimportanttohelpvictimsreturntoanormallife.

2. Trainingisimportantforpeers,mentalhealthprofessionals,andpastorstohelpthemunderstandthecrisisresponsemodel.

3. Thechurchcanworkasateam,astheBodyofChristtodogoodworkforthevictimsofcrisis.


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V. FurtherConsiderations1. WhenwoulditbeabadtimeforatrainedinterventionisttoNOTparticipatein

psychologicalfirstaid?

2. Howdothespecificrolesofpastors,mentalhealthprofessionals,andpeerscomplimentoneanother?

3. WhatisanexampleofsomethingthatEVERYChristiancandotoaidvictimsofcrisis?


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CRFR103:

TheEthicsandProtocolofCrisisCare

Capt.JimNelms,B.A.FD/EMS


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AbstractApproximatelyfifty-percentoftheprofessionalswhorespondedtoHurricaneKatrinareturnedreporting psychological symptoms similar to the victims they encountered. The provision ofcare to crisis victims requires significant variation to generally accepted standards in thecommunity ofmental health providers, laity and clergy. This lesson provides an overview ofadjustmentsthatmustbemadewhenadisasteroccurs.LearningObjectives:

ParticipantswillbeabletodefinetermsrelatedtoCrisisIntervention.1.

Participantswillbeabletoconceptualizeastandardresponsetocrisisintervention.2.

Participants will be able to discuss how ethics and protocol combine to make for3.effectivecrisisintervention.


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I. Introduction

A. SocialandSpiritualCodeofEthics

1. Forthoseofuswhooffercomforttopeoplewhostrugglementallyandspiritually,thestringentadherencetoaprofessional,socialandspiritualcodeofethicshaslongbeenconsideredfoundationalforthesurvival,healingandsuccessforbothclinicianandclient.

2. Theemergingfieldofcrisisintervention,toincludetheChristianprovider,createsagreaterdemandforamorefocusedadherencetoacodeofethics,partneredwithspecificpracticalapplication.

3. Whathastraditionallyworkedwellincounselmustnowbeturnedupanotch.

• Incrisisinterventionthereisnoestablishedclient-clinicianrelationshipandthereforesignificantlyaltersbothconfidentialityandprivilegedcommunication.

• Informedconsentrequiresaclinicallytenaciousapproachduetotheacute

affectofthecrisisonanindividual.Infactthedegradedstatusofavictim’scognitionmaymakeitverydifficultformeaningfulconversationtooccur.

4. Clearlybothvictimandproviderhavesignificantneeds.Theurgencytorespondquicklyfindstheproviderinawkwardandpotentiallyproblematicrelationships.Whentheprovider’sresponseisperceivedasuninvitedtheymayfindthemselvesinahostileenvironmentandsubsequentlyharmisdonethatisoftenirreversible.Thelesson’sintentistoraiseawarenessasapreventativemeasure.

II. Definitions

1. CriticalIncidentStress–alsoknownas:traumaticstressoracutestress;Intensestressreactionstoaneventorincidentwheretheindividualoragroup’sabilitytocopeisoverwhelmed.


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2. CrisisIntervention–anattempttoemotionallystabilize,acknowledge,understandandsupportindividualsand/orgroupssufferingfromthepainfulexperienceofacrisis.

3. CriticalIncidentStressManagement–systematic,multicomponent,comprehensiveandmulti-physicapproachtothemitigationofcriticalincidentstress;providersincludeclergy,laity,peerandprofessionalmentalhealthcare.

4. CodeofEthics–professionalandChristianCounselingethicsareatthecoreofChristianCrisisInterventionandarenotopposedbutratherofferinsightintohowweshouldbehaveinintensesituations.Whetherprofessional,pastororlaityeachhasanobligationtoarticulatebasicbiblicalandsocialvalues,ethicalprinciples,andethicalstandards.God’swordfortheChristianprovideroffersdirectionandclearlydefinesthevalues,principles,andstandardstoguidethecrisisworker’sconduct.

5. InformedConsent–answersthequestions:Doesthepersonincrisishavethecapacitytogiveconsent?Doesthepersonincrisisreasonablyunderstandthenatureofyourpresence?Doestheclientfreelygiveconsenttoyourpurpose,withoutcoercionorundueinfluence?

III. Concepts

A. TheResponders,“SendMe”1. AreyoucalledtoCare?

2. AreyouTrainedtoCare?

3. AreyouavailabletoCare?

4. AreyouabletoCare?


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B. TheEthicalResponseProtocol,“GointotheWorld”

1. Whenwillyoucomehome?

2. Haveyouassembledagroupandplannedforthisresponse?• Individualswhorespondontheirowngethurtreallybad.

• Individualswhorespondontheirownhurtothersreallybad.

• Individualswhorespondontheirownbecomevictims.

• BEAPARTOFATEAM!

3. Isyourgroupbeingaskedtorespond?

• “SelfDispatch”---themostdangeroustermassociatedwithDisasterresponse

• Onwhatauthoritywastherequestmade?

4. Wherewillyourgroupland?

5. Wherewillyouwork/whatwillyoudo?

6. Whenwillyoucomehome?

7. Whowillcareforyourgroupwhenyoureturn?

C. VictimCareEthicalProtocol,“LoveGod,LovePeople”1. SpecialNeedsGroup-BiggerthanLife

• Theyarenotsick


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• Theyarenotyourclient

• Theygenerallycannotpayyou

• Theywillbehighlyagitated

• Theywillbeextraordinarilysuspicious

• TheywillbeangryatGod

• Theywillaskyoutofixwhatcannotbefixed

• Theywillcontaminateyouemotionally

• Theywillfrustrateyouandoffendyourvalues

2. TheSymptomsPresentedbyMalignantVersusBenignDiagnosis• Mayhavepreexistingconditionthatisdifficulttoassess

• Maygetbetterwithoutyou

• Maybecatastrophic

• Mayrequiremedicalattention,shiftingyourroleofsupport

D. EthicalAftercareProtocol,“CometoMeandIShallGive YouRest”1. Beginspriortodeploymentasconditionforthedeployment

2. Accountabilitypartnersestablished3. Groupdebriefingdatedetermined4. Familysupportdebriefingdatedetermined


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5. AlldebriefingsshouldbefacilitatedbyaprofessionalwhoDIDNOTparticipateinthedeployment/intervention.

6. Includesgroupandindividualassessment

7. Anniversarydebriefing

IV. ConclusionCrisis intervention requires intelligent focus on both protocol and ethical application. It isincumbentupon theprovider toadhere toboth.The training required tomeet this standardcannotbeassumedor selfestablishedbutmustoriginate fromrecognizedcurriculum.Whenthe need arises the Christian Crisis Responder must reflect on their mental and physicalwellness accurately and with integrity. The responder must know that it is God’s will torespond,thatinfacttheyareabletorespondanddosoinsuchawaythattheiractionsbringhonortoJesusChrist,HisChurchandthosewhosuffer.

V. FurtherConsideration

A. Whatquestionsmustyouaskofyourselfandyourteambeforedeployingtoadisastersituation?

B. Howisinformedconsentdifferentfromtypicalpatient/clientconsent?

C. Whyareindividualresponderssounsuccessful?

D. Whataresomewaysthatyourteamcanprotectitselffrombecomingvictims?


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CRFR104:

CollateralDamage:FirestormsofFaith

KenNichols,Psy.D.


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AbstractAlifecrisisvariesinintensityandcharacter.Theimpactofalifecrisisrangesfromdisruptivetodevastating.Thelistofpotentiallife-shatteringcrisesiswithoutnoticeableboundaries.Family,friends, and the local church saturate the suffering saint with practical help and spiritualencouragement.What often goes undetected and unnoticed by compassionate caregivers is the internalfirestormoffaith.Almostwithoutexception,alifecrisisstirsupapotentiallycatastrophiccrisisoffaith.Whyme?Whythis?Whynow?Somanywoundedsaintsareinaspiritualcomaasadirectresultofafaithcrisis.Notonlyaretheyoverwhelmedwiththetragiclifecrisis,theyaredisillusionedandfilledwithdoubtaboutGod.They still come to churchandarenotoutwardly rebellious. However, theymarginalize theirrelationshipwithGodto“friendship”status. TheynolongerwanttobewarmandclosetoaGodwhocan’tbetrusted.LearningObjectives:

Participantswillbeabletoidentifythecharacteristicsofafaithcrisis.1.

Participantswillbeabletodevelopacaregivingstrategythatisbasedonthelife-2.changingpowerofaneternalperspective.

Participantswillbeabletoidentifyandapplybiblicalprinciplesthatprovidehope,help,3.andhealingforsomeoneinthefirestormofafaithcrisis.


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I.CollateralDamage-FirestormsofFaith

A. FocusQuestions

1. Whatarethecoreinfluencesonhowapersonrespondstoalifecrisis?Whydotheyrespondthewaytheydo?

2. Whydosomepeoplebecomestrongerintheirfaithwhileothersabandontheirfaith?

3. Whatcancaregiversdotoinfluencehowapersonrespondstoalifecrisis?4. Aretherecorebiblicalprinciplesthatprovideconfidenceforthecounselorand

courageforthecounselee?5. 2Corinthians1:3-5;2Corinthians4:16-18

B. Principle#1:Problem

1. LifeCrisis

• Moreimportantthanthecircumstanceoflifeisourresponsetothem.• YourlifedoesnotchangeGod,butitcanchangehowyouviewandrelateto

Him.(Isaiah43:1-3)• Aretherecorebiblicalprinciplesthatprovideconfidenceforthecounselor

andcourageforthecounselee?• 2Corinthians1:3-5;2Corinthians4:16-18

2. FaithCrisis

• Alifecrisisalmostalwaysprecedesafaithcrisis.• SpiritualComa


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3. PracticePrinciples

• TheBibleteachesmuchmoreabouthowtorespondtoacrisisthanitdoesonhowtopreventit.

• Youcan’tchooseyourcrisisbutyoucanchooseyourresponse.

• AfaithcrisisislikemakingadesperatecalltoGodandgettingnoresponse.

C. Principle#2:Patience

1. Psalm27:14

2. God’swaitingroom-don’tpushpeopletobeokay.

3. Sincerelywrong:Someonecanbewellintentioned,butwronglytrytohurrytheprocess.

4. Romans8:24-25—“…waitforitwithperseverance.”

5. PracticalPrinciples

• Thewaitingroomiswherefaithgrowsfromintellectualassenttoconfidentexpectation.

• Timeinthewaitingroomiswhenweareatthegreatestriskofafaithcrisis.

D. Principle#3:Perspective

1. ALIVEacronym:AlwaysLivingInViewofEternity

2. TheFearFactor

• Thefearfactoriswhenwelookatlifecircumstancesthroughtheeyesoffear,whicharefocusedontheflesh(FocusedOnHowBigYourProblemIs).


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3. TheFaithFactor

• Thefaithfactoriswhenwelookatlifecircumstancesthroughtheeyesoffaith,whicharefocusedontheFather(FocusedOnHowBigYourGodIs).

• God’swordinfluencesperspective,perspectiveinfluencesresponse,

responseinfluencesoutcome100%ofthetime.


• Wecan’tchooseourlifecrisisbutwecanchoosehowtoviewit.• Abiblicalperspectiveofalifetragedyinnowayinsulatesusfromthereality

ofthelossorthedepthofpain.

E. Principle#4:Provision

1. SurvivingalifecrisisrequiresthatweembracethetruththatGodiswhoHesaysHeisandwilldowhatHehaspromisedtodo.

2. God’sPromises

• 2Timothy3:15-16,2Peter1:2-3• Jeremiah33:3,Jeremiah32:37,Isaiah12:2,Proverbs3:5-6

3. God’sPresence

• Romans15:13

• Genesis22:2-“Waithere,forweshallgoup,weshallworshipandweshall

return!”


• Biblicalfaithisnot“wishfulthinking.”ItisaconfidentexpectationthatGodiswhoHesaysHeisandwilldowhatHehaspromisedtodo.


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• Godisfaithfultousevenwhenwedon’thavefaithinHim.

VI. Conclusion


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CRFR105:

CrisisTheoryandAssessment

JenniferCisney,M.A.;JoshuaStraub,Ph.D.;KevinEllers,D.Min.


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AbstractThiscoursewilldiscusstherootsofcrisisresponse,thecontroversythathasarisenaroundit,andwhyitworks.Wewillalsoemphasizetheimportanceofassessmentandidentifysomeredflagsymptomstowatchoutforthroughouttheassessmentprocess.LearningObjectives:

Participants will be able to discuss the research supporting Critical Incident Stress1.Management.

Participantswillbeabletodescribetheimportanceofassessment.2.

Participantswill be able to identify commonpitfalls in assessment and some red-flags to3.lookoutfor.


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I. Introduction:The history of Critical Incident StressManagement is longer than youmight imagine. Overtime, CISM, or the Mitchell Model, has become, based on extensive research, an acceptedstandardofcare.Controversyoveritseffectivenesshasariseninrecentyears,butnoopposingresearchisconclusive.Assessmentisanimportantpartofcrisisresponseandcanberathertrickyforcliniciansandthelaity alike. Luckily, there are specific red-flag symptoms that can be identified to help aresponderdecideifavictimneedsfurthercare.

II. Definition

A. Multi-componentsystem-illustratesthebroadnessofwhatCISMcovers,frompre-incidentpreparednesstopost-incidentpsychotherapyreferral.

III. Concepts

A. TheRootsofModernCrisisResponse1. MilitaryPsychiatryhasemployedcrisisresponsesincebeforeWorldWarI.

2. DuringWWI,responderswereplacedonthefrontlinestoaidthemilitary.

3. TheMitchellmodelwascreatedbasedonthisresearch.

4. TheH.E.R.D.modelwasalsodevelopedbasedonwartimeresults.

B. CriticalIncidentStressManagement1. CISMisthestandardofcareonwhichourtrainingisbased.


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2. CISMwasdevelopedoriginallyforemergencyserviceworkerswhochronicallyexperiencedhigherratesofdivorce,alcoholism,andPost-TraumaticStressDisorder.

3. Asthismodelhasbecomemorecommonlyusedinschoolsandchurches,controversyoveritseffectivenesshasarisen.

C. DoesDebriefingWork?1. TheCochraneReviewisastudythatopposesdebriefing;itillustratesahospital

settinginwhichtraumapatientsweredebriefedone-on-onebyanurse.

2. Debriefingwithoutstickingtoasetmodelisnotonlydangerousbutirresponsible.

3. ThekindofdebriefingthatwasdoneintheCochranereviewwasnotadherent

totheCISMmodel.

D. NationalVolunteerOrganizationsActiveinDisasterConsensusPoints1. EarlyPsychologicalInterventionisvalued.

2. EPIisamulti-componentsystemtomeettheneedsofthoseimpacted.

3. SpecializedtraininginEPIisnecessary.

4. EPIisonepointonacontinuumofpsychologicalcare.Thisspectrumrangesfrompre-incidentpreparednesstopost-incidentpsychotherapy,whenneeded.

5. Cooperation,communication,coordination,andcollaborationareessentialtothedeliveryofDPI.


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E. Assessment1. Eighty-percentofAmericanswillbeexposedtoatraumaticevenintheirlifetime;

nine-percentwilldevelopPTSD.

2. Betweenfortytofifty-percentofcrisisresponderswillexperienceseverepsychologicaldistress.

3. Everyindividualisdifferentwhenitcomestotheimpactofcrisis.Assumingthatsomeoneisincrisiswhentheyarenotcandangerouslyaffecttheirinnateresiliency.

F. Whatmakesupacrisisresponse?1. Psychologicalhomeostasisisdisrupted.

2. Usualcopingmechanismshavefailed.

3. Thereisevidenceofsignificantdistress,impairment,ordysfunction.

G. RedFlagSymptoms1. Behavioral-majordifferencesinbehaviorpost-incident;outofcharacter,

atypicalbehaviorwithnegativeresults• self-medicationwithalcoholordrugs

• obsessionwithwork

• risky,evenviolent,tendencies

2. Physical-outsideofthenormalphysicalsymptomsofacutestress;whenindoubt,refer• chestpain


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• lossofconsciousness

• irregularorinternalbleeding

3. Emotional-thepersoncannolongerfunctionontheirpreviouslevel;emotionsaredebilitating• vegetativedepression

• hopelessness

• panicattack

• phobicavoidance

4. Spiritual-theperson’sfaithisturnedupsidedown,itisverynormaltofeelthattheirworldhasbeenrocked

IV. ConclusionCISMisavaluabletool thatmanyauthorities, includingtheNationalVOAD,agreeworksbestfor trauma survivors. Assessment is an integral part of CISM. In order to properly assessvictims, youmustbeawareof certain red flags. Thenatureof amulti-component system isthat it is not aone-shotdeal. Trauma takes time toprocess and the church is an incrediblevestigeofsupportforvictimsandrespondersalike.


A. WhyistheCochraneReviewinconclusive?

B. HowdotheNationalVOAD’sconsensuspointssupportCISM?

C. Whyisitimportanttoconnectvictimstoresourcesintheirarea,eveniftheyseemresilientimmediatelyafterthetraumatakesplace?


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CRFR106:

ATheologyofSufferingandthe“CrisisofFaith”

RonHawkins,Ed.D.,D.Min.


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AbstractThiscourseisdesignedtohelpyoubetterunderstandthebiblicalnatureofsufferingandhowitcanleadtoacrisisoffaith.LearningObjectives:

Participants will be able to discuss concept of a theology of suffering including the1.biblicalreasonswhyhumanssuffer.

Participantswillbeabledescribehowsufferingcancreateacrisisoffaith.2.

Participants will be able to incorporate a solid theology of suffering into their crisis3.interventionskilltechniques.


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I. IntroductionHowdopeoplefeelandthinkaboutsuffering?Therearealwaysatleasttwopeopleinvolvedinthecounselingorinterventionprocessandhowbothpartiesfeelaboutsufferingwillaffecttheprogresstheymaketogether.AcrisisoffaithiswhenyoufeellikeGodhasabandonedyouinsomeway.

II. Definitions

A. ComfortChain-God’splantocreatesufferinginusforthepurposeofdevelopingourabilitytocomfortotherswhofacethesametypeofsuffering.

III. Concepts

A. AnyoneCanExperienceaCrisisofFaith1. JesusinGethsemane

2. Jobinhisstruggles

3. ManyChristiansoperateunderthetheorythatpeoplewhosuffermustbeundergoingGod’spunishmentfortheirtransgressions,butfewgodeeperintothemorecomplicatedbiblicalreasonsbehindsuffering.

B. BiblicalSuffering

1. SufferingISaconsequenceofthesinthatenteredtheworldwithAdamandEve.Thisisonlyonereasonforsuffering.

2. Prideisanotherreasonthathumanssuffer.Sufferingisathornplacedinour

sidethatshouldremindusthatGod’sgraceissufficientforus.


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3. Sufferingcanbeaformofdisciplineforsinandisdirectlyrelatedtoourchoices.4. Often,sufferingisnotadirectresultofouractionsbutaconsequenceofthe

greatcosmicbattlebetweenGodandSatan.ThisisdirectlyillustratedbythestoryofJob.

5. Godalsousessufferingtobreakusfreefromourobsessionwithworldlythings.

Hearrangesourliveswithcaretoaccomplishhispurposes.6. Sufferingcanalsobedirectlyrelatedtothevictim’sfamilyoforigin.GodinHis

planfulnessismorecommittedtosavingpeoplethanininsuringthehappinessandsecurityofHisfollowers.

7. Oursufferingcanalsohavethepurposeoffillingupthatwhichislackinginthe

sufferingsofChrist.

C. WhatCanWeDowithOurTheologyofSuffering?

1. Donotcomeas“AnswerPersons”;thetimeimmediatelyafteratraumaisnottherighttimeforatheologicallessonaboutthebiblicalreasonsforsuffering.

2. Seeyourselvesinthecrisissituationasapresence;yourdutyistobethe

presenceofGod’sgraceandlove,nottosaytheperfectthingortoquotetheperfectpassage.

3. Beasourceofacceptance;neverconfrontorrebukesomeonewhoisverbalizing

theirconfusionaboutGodortheirsituation.

4. Beasourceofaffirmation;helpvictimsunderstandthatGodvaluesthemnomatterwhatkindofguilttheymightfeel.

5. Beavesselofencouragement;bringhopetotheirsituationinameaningfuland

sensitiveway;usescripturalmetaphortobuildhopefulness.


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6. Connectthemwithotherswhohaveenduredsimilarsituationstotheirs,utilizeGod’scomfortchain.

IV. ConclusionSufferinghasmanyorigins,itisaverycomplicatedissue.AllsufferinghasapurposeinGod’sgreatplan.Tounderstandsufferinginabiblicalsenseisimportantforcrisisresponders,butwemustbecarefulhowweusethisinformation.StickingwiththevictimsoftraumaandbeingapresenceofGod’sgraceandloveisthemostimportantthingtoremember;itis,asChristians,ouruniquegifttothosewhosuffer.


A. WhyareChristianssoapttobelievethatbylovingGod,theywillnotfacesuffering?

B. Whyaresomeofthebiblicalreasonsforsufferingsohardforustoswallow?

C. Howcanweinjecthopeintothelivesofsomeoneundergoingincrediblesuffering?


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CRFR107:

StabilityafterCrisis:TheFirstSevenDays

KevinEllers,D.Min.


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AbstractThis lesson will discuss an often overlooked part of crisis response, the everyday crisis thatoccursbehindcloseddoorswithinourownfamilies,churches,andneighborhoods. Crisiscangoonforaverylongtimebutthiscoursewillfocusspecificallyonthefirstsevendaysafteracrisis.LearningObjectives

Participantswillbeabletounderstandthefoundationofhowcrisis interventionhelps1.people.

ParticipantswillbeabletodevelopabetterideaabouthowCISMisconductedandhow2.importantstabilizationistotraumavictims.

Participantswill feel confident aboutwhat they cando in the first sevendays after a3.crisis.


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I. Introduction:Many events that can be categorized as crisis never make the news. They happen inhouseholds all over the world every day. So often we keep our struggles behind closeddoors, evenwithin our own faith communities. Ignoring these less glamorous crises is ahugemissedopportunityforcrisisresponderstoeasethesufferingofothers.

II. Definitions

A. CriticalIncident-aneventwhichhasthepotentialtooverwhelmone’susualcopingmechanismsresultinginpsychologicaldistressandimpairmentofnormalandadaptivefunctioning.

B. Crisis-aresponseconditionwhereinpsychologicalhomeostasishasbeendisrupted,one’susualcopingmechanismshavefailedthem,andone’sdistresshascausedfunctionalimpairment.

III. Concepts

A. TheImportanceofStabilization1. Comingalongsidepeopleincrisisiscriticalintheearlystages.

2. Peersupportisimportant.

3. Afaithcommunityisimportant.

4. Failuretostabilizecanhavedevastatingandlongtermeffectsonvictimsofcrisis.

5. Deathorsecondarytraumacanoccurwithoutstabilization.


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B. NatureofCrisis1. Crisisdoesnotalwaysoccurimmediatelyafterthetrauma,incident,orloss.

2. Crisisisnotalwaysthesameasthecriticalincidentorstressor.

C. FromBadtoWorse1. ManyelementsledtoOfficerHines’breakdown:

• keepinghisfeelingsbottledup

• withdrawalfromallofhissupportsystems

• hisco-workersignoringhisfeelings

• hisbosstellinghimtoforgetabouttheincident

D. FourAspectsofCrisis1. Anindividualisfacedwithauniqueandstressfulevent2. Usualcopingstrategiesareappliedinanattempttodealwiththeevent

3. Theseandotherstrategiesfail

4. Individualenterscrisisstatewithdisorganizationanddisequilibrium

5. Symptomsofcrisis:

• tirednessandexhaustion• helplessness• inadequacy• confusion• physicalsymptoms• anxiety• disorganizationoffamily,work,andsocialrelationships• avoidanceofthingspreviouslyenjoyed


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E. VariablesthatInfluenceCrisis1. Locusofcontrol2. Cognitiveflexibilityandadaptability

3. Physiologicalreactivity

4. Availabilityofsocialsupport

F. SuddenandUnexpectedvs.SlowDevelopingCrisis

1. Unpreparedandunexpectedvs.slowaccumulated

2. Magnitudeoftheimpact

3. Internalandexternalcopingandsupportmechanisms

4. Natureofprecipitatingevent

G. FalseCrisis1. Whencaregiversassumethatsomeoneisincrisisandtheyarenot,itcan

negativelyimpacttheminseveralways:• fostersunnecessarydependence• encouragesregression• createsfrustrationorrejection• discouragedadaptivefunctioning• discourageshardinessandresiliency• takescarefromotherswhoaremoreneedy


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H. PsychologicalFirstAid1. Immediacy–soonerisbetter

2. Proximity–meetthemwheretheyare

3. Expectancy–preparethemforwhattheymayexperience

4. Brevity–Band-Aid,notsurgery

I. GoalsofCrisisIntervention1. Stabilization

2. Mitigationofacutesignsofdistress

3. Restorationofadaptiveindependentfunctioning

4. Facilitationofaccesstoahigherlevelofcare,ifnecessary

J. HowDoWeStabilize?1. Ouractions

2. Ourwords

3. Ourtouch

4. Ourlistening

5. Ourpresence


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6. TheimpactoftheHolySpiritactingthroughusandaroundusguidesourstabilizationprocess

K. PCAIDFramework1. Presence

2. Connect

3. Assessment

4. Intervention

5. Definingthenextsteps

L. CharacteristicsofEffectiveCopingBehavior1. Explorationofrealityissuesandsearchingforinformation

2. Freelyexpressingbothpositiveandnegativefeelingsandtoleratingfrustration

3. Activelyinvokinghelpfromothers

4. Breakingdowntheproblemintomanageableparts

5. Awarenessoffatigueanddisorganizationwithmaintainedpacingandcontrol

6. Masteringfeelingswherepossibleandbeingflexibility

7. Trustofoneselfandotherstohaveabasicoptimismabouttheoutcome


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IV. ConclusionCrisisInterventionisanimportantprocessthatmustbedonewithcare.Thechurchhasapowerfulopportunitytocomealongsidevictimsofcrisisandhelpthemthroughthemidstoftheirpain.Stabilizationofpeopleincrisis,steeredbythegraceofGod,canleadtomiraculouschangesintheirlife.


1. Whyisstabilitysoimportanttopeopleincrisis?

2. Whyispsychologicalfirstaidsoimportant?

3. Whatkindofdamagecanwedoifweimproperlyassessvictims?

4. WhyisthechurchsouniquelyequippedforCISM?

VI. AdditionalReading

CISM:GriefFollowingTraumabyKevinEllers,NancyRikli,andH.NormanWright


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CRFR108:

GettingPluggedIn:TheLogisticsofRespondingtoaCrisisand

Disaster

KevinEllers,D.Min.andJenniferCisney,M.A.


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AbstractThis coursewill outline how to actually be deployed for crisis responseonce an individual istrainedandreadytojoinateam.LearningObjectives:

1. Participants will understand the pressure and inconveniences associated with crisisresponse.

2. Participantswilllearnhowtobedeployedtoadisastersceneandhowtheywillbestfitintoadisastersituation.

3. Participantswillunderstandtheroleofthelocalchurchatthedisasterscene.


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I. IntroductionAsbelievers,itisabiblicalmandateforustorespondtodisastersandtouchpeoplewhoare suffering. This might mean going on location to a huge natural disaster site orprayingwithachurchmemberwhoisgrieving.

II. Definitions

A. StealthMentalHealth-informal,overacupofcoffee,mentalhealth;particularlyusefulindisasterswherevictimsareresistanttoaid

III. Concepts

A. RoleofLocalChurch

1. It’sourresponsibilitytorespondtotheneedsofsufferingmembersofourcommunity.

2. Thefaithcommunitycanbringemotionalandspiritualtherapythatthegovernmentcannotprovide.

3. Thechurchisalong-termsolutiontoproblemsthatcrisisteamsandgovernmentmightoverlook.

4. PreparednessisKEY.Ill-equippedpastorscandomoreharmthanhelp.

B. HowCanYouUseYourTraining?1. Justshowingupisnotthebestidea.

2. Infrastructureisnotalwayspreparedfordrop-inhelpers.


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3. Beingapartofateamisthebestwaytomakesureyouaresafeandsupportedindisastersituations.

C. LargeOrganizationsCanUseYou

1. Carefullychoosewhichorganizationyouwanttoworkwith.2. Doyourresearch;considermissionstatementsandhowtheylineupwithyourown

viewsandvalues.

3. Prayaboutwhereyourcallingis.4. Contactyourlocalresourcesonlineorbyphone.

D. DisasterScenesareDifferent

1. Adisastersceneisnotacounselingofficeorachurchfellowshiphall.2. Organizationmaynotthesameaswhatyouareusedto.3. Thepeoplewhoyouaretryingtohelpmightnotwantyouthere.4. Youwillbemostsuccessfulwhenyoumeetpeopleinthetrenches.5. Youwillnotbeabletoplanwhatwillhappen.6. Youmustbeabletothinkquicklyonyourfeetandbehighlyflexible.


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E. CISMisDifficult1. Youmustbepreparedfortheincredibleimpactofdisaster.2. Yourspiritualandemotionalstrengthwillbetestedagainandagain.3. Livingwiththeresponsibilityofthelivelihoodofotherscannegativelyimpact

responderswithoutaself-careactionplan.

F. WhatINeedToKnow

1. Whatisthenatureofmyassignment?

2. WhatconditionswillIface?3. Whatisthelengthofmydeployment?Extensionpossibility?4. Howlongwilltheresponsephaselast?5. WhatkindofitemswillIneedtobring?6. Whatcostsarecovered?

G. HowDoIMaketheDecision

1. DoIwanttogo?2. Whyorwhynot?3. AmIinthemiddleofpersonaltrauma?4. AmItooclosetothesituation?WillIbringmyownpathologytothescene?


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5. AmItryingtopadmyresume?6. WhatamIleavingathome?AmItryingtoescapesomething?7. DoIthinkthatnoonecandothejobaswellasme?8. AmImerelyboredinmyhome/workplace?

H. BarrierstoServing

1. Fear

2. Inconvenience3. Burnout4. Ideathatsomeoneelsewillgo5. Feelingofinadequacy

I. TakeCare1. Yourhealthisyourownresponsibility.

2. Useanaccountabilitypartnertohelpyouidentifyyourwarningsigns.

3. Takementalandphysicalbreaks.

4. Balanceyourtasks.


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5. Keepintouchwithyourfamily.

6. Takecareofyourspiritualhealth.

J. ComingHome1. It’shardtodetach;closerelationshipsareformedwithyourteam.

2. Thepaceofthe“realworld”cancausedisassociation.

3. Makethetransitioninaplannedway;beprepared.

4. Maintainhealthycontactwiththepeopleyouservedwith.

5. Decidewhetheryouwanttotalkaboutwhatyou’veexperienced.

IV. Conclusion

Flexibilityiskeyforcrisisresponders.It’sveryimportanttoassessyourownneeds,yourpre-conceivednotions,andyour risk factorsbeforeagreeing to joina responseeffort.Bepreparedforalife-changingexperiencethatyouhavelittlecontrolover.TrustGodtoleadyouinyourinformeddecisionsaboutcrisisresponse.

V. FurtherConsideration1. Howcanyoudecidewhichorganizationwillbeabletobestuseyourskills?

2. Whatisthedangerofrespondingunannounced?

3. Howwillyoudeveloparoutineforre-integratingyourselfwithdailylife?


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CRFR109:

DeathNotificationandFamilyAssistance

GregoryYoung,M.Div.


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AbstractMakingCompassionateDeathnotificationstotheNextofKinfollowingacrisislargeorsmallisoneof themostdifficult thingsthatwemayhavetodo,andvery fewpeoplewhoarecalledupon to make notifications are adequately trained to do so. This course explores severalaspectsthatareessentialinmakingacompassionatedeathnotification.Crisiscommunicationtechniquesand“BestPractices”arediscussedaswellaswhatishelpfulandnothelpfultosaytolovedoneswhenbearingthebadnews.LearningObjectives:

1. Participantswillhaveanenhancedawarenessoftheemotionalhazardsofcrisiswork2. Participantswilldevelopbettercrisiscommunicationskills

3. Participants will become familiar with “Best Practice” protocols in making death

notifications


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I.Whydealwiththis?

A. It’sabigproblem• About115peopledieeverydayinautomobileaccidents(2005)• According to the Department of Justice, uniform reporting code, 440 people are

murderedeachweek• Onepersontakeshis/herownlifeevery15.2minutes• Addthattopeoplewhoperishfromothermannersofsuddendeath:heartattacks,

strokes,drowning,orworkrecreationrelatedaccidents

B. There’sabigneed

• Familiesorfriendsthatreceivedeathnotificationswillrememberthemfortherestoftheirlives

• Thosewhomakedeathnotificationswillrememberthemaswell• Thereislittletrainingforhowtomakedeathnotifications

II.SelectionoftheNotifier

A. Apprehensions

• Feelinguntrained/unprepared• Over-identificationwiththevictim’sfamily


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• Personalvulnerability• Fearofreactionofthosetobenotified

B. Assessment

• Itmaybetooclosetohome• Thetimingmightnotbegoodforthenotifier• Thenotifiershouldbecomfortableundernormalcircumstancetalkingtothoseheor

shedoesnotknow• A really stressed notifier will, in all likelihood, not be a good deliverer of a death

notificationbecause:1. Adeathnotificationisanincrediblystressfulevent2. He/Shemaybedistracted3. He/Shemayhaveastrongemotionalreaction

III.ReactionsPeopleHavetoDeathNotifications

A. DenialB. ShockC. Numbness


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D. Fight,Flight,orFreeze

IV.TheMomentofNotification

A. Is probably themost traumaticmoment in their lives and canbe the focusofPTSDsymptomsthatdeveloplater

B. The trauma can be made worse by how they are notified and what happens

immediatelyaftertheyarenotifiedC. Many familymembers remember a very narrow focus (words, sight, smell), or the

notificationD. Peoplehaveadifficulttimethinkingclearly

V.CrisisCommunicationTechniques

A. Basicmirroringtechniques

• BodyMirroring:Mirrortheirbodylanguage;beasrelaxedaspossible;withmen,donotsquareupwiththemintheirpersonalspace;makegoodeyecontact

• Listen:Toleraterepetition• VerbalMirroring:Summaryparaphrase


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B. ReflectionofemotionC. SilenceD. WatchtheirbodylanguageE. Avoidclichés

• “Iknowhowyoufeel.”• “Timehealsallwounds.”• “You’llgetoveritsomeday.”• “Hewasatthewrongplaceatthewrongtime.”• “Youcanalwaysfindsomeonewhoisworseoffthanyou.”

F. AvoidGodclichéssuchas:

• “Godmusthaveneededhim/hermorethanyoudid.”• “Godnevergivesusmorethanwecanhandle.”• “Itmusthavebeenhistime.”• “Somedayyou’llunderstand.”


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G. Becarefulintheuseoftouch

H. Beawareofculturaldifferences

I. Havemenworkwithmen,andwomenwithwomenifpossible

J. Beawareofanyeyecontact

K. Speakslowerandsofter

VI.BestPractices

A. GoB. BecertainoftheidentityofthedeceasedandgetthenamerightC. GiveEMSaheadsupD. DonotrelayinformationaboutthedeceasedovertheradioE. Donotgiveanotificationoverthephone


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F. Ifitisanotificationataplaceofwork,talktothesupervisorfirstthenaskifthereisaprivateplacetotalk

G. Findoutifthere’safriendorco-workerthatcantransportthepersonbeingnotified

H. Goinpairs

I. Donotleavethemalone,trytoconnectthemwiththeirsupportsystem

J. PresentyourcredentialsK. AskthenextofkinifyoucangoinsideL. Askifthenextofkincansitdown,andverifythattheyarethenextofkinM. Nevernotifychildren

VII.SayingtheWords

A. Takeadeepbreath,sayasilentprayer,saytoyourself,“Becalm,”andinformsimply,slowly,anddirectly,withwarmthandcompassion

B. Don’t beat around the bushwith euphemisms like, “expired,” “passed away,” etc.;

instead,saysomething like thisslowlyandcalmly:“I’mafraid Ihavesomeverybadnews for you. (Pause just amoment tohelppsychologicallyprepare them). Name____________hasbeen involved in a serious automobile accident, etc., andhe/shehasdied. (Pauseagain). Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavehim/her. I’mtrulysorry.”


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C. Continuetousethevictim’snametomakeitpersonal.D. Ifitwasasuicide,donotsay,“Itwasasuccessfulsuicide.”Rathersay,“He/Shetook

his/herownlife.”

VIII.TaskEmpowerment

A. Askthemquestionsaboutthevictim;helpthemfeelalive.B. Askiftheywanttomakephonecalls,orifyoucanmakesomephonecallsforthem.C. Betheiradvocate.D. If theyaskyouaquestionandyousaythatyouwill findouttheanswer,makesure

youfollowupwiththem.

IX.ViewingtheBody

A. Givethemaninformedchoice.B. Theyneedhelpinunderstandingwhatiscomingnext.

X.HelpfulThingstoSay

A. I’mtrulysorry,theydideverythingtheycould…


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B. It’sharderthanmostpeoplethink…

C. Isthereanythingelseyouwouldliketoaskme,tellme,ortalkabout?D. I’llcheckbackwithyoutomorrowandseeifthereisanythingelseIcandoforyou.

XI.WhattoDoA. AnswerquestionsashonestlycanB. OffertomakephonecallsC. Don’tleavethemaloneD. LetthesurvivorsknowyoucareE. FollowupF. Remember,intime,inperson,inpair,insimplelanguage,withcompassion

XII.TheC3MentalStatusExam

A. Speech


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B. EmotionC. AppearanceD. AlertnessE. ActivitylevelF. Examine theamplitudeandqualityof theseaspectsover timeand see if theyneed

anyhelp

XIII.Debrief

A. Afterthenotification,besuretotalkaboutthenotificationB. CheckonothersthatparticipatedinthenotificationC. Takecareofyourself

D. TalktopeopleyoutrustE. Pray,meditate,andworshipF. Eathealthy


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XIV. FurtherConsideration1.Whatistheimportanceofmakingacompassionatedeathnotification?2.Whatkindsoffactorsaffectthenotifier?3.Whataresomecliché’stoavoid,andwhyshouldthesebeavoided?4. Whataresomeofthebestpracticesforgivingadeathnotification?

5. Whataresomethingsthatarebeneficialandnon-beneficialthingstosay?


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CRFR110:

Suicide:CopingwiththeAftermath

TomWebb,Th.M.


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AbstractSuicideisawordthatnoonewantstohearandatopicofconversationthatisoftenavoided.However,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControl,threepeoplecommitsuicideperhour.Loved ones left behind after a suicide of a family member or friend find themselvesoverwhelmedwithshockandheartache.ThisvideoisdesignedtoequipresponderswithwhattheBiblehastosayaboutsuicideandhowtobeasourceofencouragementandhopeasanambassadorofChristtothosewhofacethenaggingquestionsandturmoilrelatedtosuicide.LearningObjectives:

1. Participantswillunderstandhowfrequentlysuicidesoccur.

2. ParticipantswillgraspwhattheBiblehastosayaboutsuicide.

3. Participants will understand the stages of shock and redefinition through whichsurvivorsmustnavigate.


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I. Introduction

Suicide isatragiceventthatweall tendtothinkwillnevertouchour family.Yet, inageneralsense,moresuicidesarecommittedeachyearthanmurder.Youngpeople(ages15-24)statisticallyaremostatrisk—agroupthatnooneimaginesentertainingdeath.Whenthisunthinkableeventoccurs,weneededtobeequippedwithwhattheBiblehastosayaboutsuicideandhowtoencouragelovedonesleftbehind.

II. Concept

A. Suicide:TroublingStatistics1. Rateperhour

2. Rateamongyoungpeople(ages15-24)

3. Comparisonofsuiciderateofmalesversusfemales

4. Comparisonofattemptsofsuicideofmalesversusfemales

5. Comparisonwithothercausesofdeath

B. Suicide:ANoteLeftBehind1. Listenforthesenseofdespairandhopelessness

2. ListenforthesenseoflossandlackoflovingrelationshipshorizontallywithpeopleandverticallywithGod

C. Suicide:Why?

1. Reasons,althoughgiveninanoteleftbehind,seldomseemrationalnor

satisfactory


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2. StandsincontrasttoGod’scharacterandlaw

D. SourceofHopeandComfortinOurRelationshipwithGod

1. 2Corinthians1:8-11

2. 2Corinthians7:5-7

E. Suicide:ObservationsAbouttheLifeSituationoftheOneWhoCommitsSuicide1. Regardinghope

2. Regardingisolation

3. Regardingoptions

4. Regardinganxiety

5. Regardinghidingtheintenttocommitsuicide

F. Suicide:ObservationsabouttheLifeSituationofYoungPeople(Ages15-24)1. Identityformation

2. Transitionfromhometoautonomy

3. Limitedwisdomthatcomesfromyearsofliving

4. ChallengestoemotionalstabilityandcommitmenttoBiblicalvalues


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G. Suicide:WhattheBibleHastoSay1. Usageofthewordsuicide

2. Historicalperspectiveofthechurch

3. Forgivableorunforgivablesin

H. BiblicalExamples1. Abimelech--Judges9:54(awickedself-proclaimedkingofIsraelwhokilledhis70

brothers)

2. Samson--Judges16:28-31(afamousJudgeinIsrael)

3. Saul--1Samuel31:1-6(thefirstkingofIsrael)

4. Saul’sarmorbearer--1Samuel31:1-6

5. Ahithophel--2Samuel17:23(atrustedcounselorofKingDavid)

6. Zimri--1Kings16:18(aCaptainunderElahtheKingofIsrael)

7. Judas--Matthew27:5(oneofJesus’12disciples)

I. Suicide:AShockingWord

1. Lovedonesandfriendsoftendonotseethewarningsigns.

2. Examplesofexpressionsofshock


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J. RespondingtoSuicideasanAmbassadorofChrist1. Hearingthespiritualcryofdistress

2. Impartinghope

3. Psalm40:1-3

K. RespondingtoSuicide:TheStagesofRecovery

1. Stageone:overcomingtheeffectsoftraumaticstress

2. Stagetwo:redefininglifewithoutthepresenceofone’slovedone

L. RespondingtoSuicide:TraumaticStressSymptoms1. Physical

2. Cognitive

3. Emotional

4. Behavioral

5. Spiritual

M. RespondingtoSuicide:StageOne—WhattoSayandDo1. Beingpresent


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2. Hearingthecryofdistress

3. Crisiscarestrategies

4. Impartinghope/Offertopray

N. RolePlay:RecoveryFromShock1. Prominenttraumaticstresssymptoms

2. Lateremergingtraumaticstresssymptoms

O. RespondingtoSuicide:StageTwo—RedefiningLife1. Characteristics

2. SupportingasanambassadorofChrist

3. Whattosayanddo

P. RolePlay:RedefiningLife1. Prominenttraumaticstresssymptoms

2. Lateremergingtraumaticstresssymptoms


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III. Conclusion

Suicide is a horrific event that more people are faced with than we’d like to admit.Young people are at the highest risk for suicide and when it happens, the familymemberswhoareleftbehindmightfeelthattheyhavenowheretoturn.AsaChristian,itisourdutytobeanambassadorofGodforthesehurtingpeople.Therearecountlessexamplesof suicide in theBible forus to turn to forwisdom inour councilof suicidevictims.


1. WhatwerethecommonthemesandlifesituationsregardingthoseinBiblewhocommittedsuicide?

2. Whatmakessuicideasin?3. HowdoessuicideaffectaChristian’sstandingwithGod?4. Whatarethestagesthroughwhichsurvivorsmustnavigateafterasuicideofa

lovedone?5. Whataretheuniquetasksofeachofthesestages?


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CRFR111:

ChildrenandCrisis

CaptainJimNelms,B.A.


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AbstractTherearemany feelingsandreactionscommontopeoplewhosurvivecrisis.However, someidentifiableexpressionsareinfluencedprimarilybythevictim’sage.Thislessonisanoverviewthe unique reactions of children who have survived significant crisis. These events will bedefined for thepurposesof the lessonas critical incidents. The lessonwill, in general terms,address common themes of reaction in terms of three age groups; Pre-school (ages 1-5),Childhood(ages6-10)andPre-adolescenceandAdolescence(ages12-18).LearningObjectives:

1. ParticipantswilldevelopanunderstandingofCrisisspecifictoage2. Participants will understand Crisis Response with regard to victims in specific

developmentalranges

3. Participants will understand the direct relationship between appropriate caregiversupportandtherecoveryofachildincrisis.


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I. Introduction

Pre-schoolersviewtheirworldfromaperspectiveofstability,predictabilityandaneedfor dependable care providers. Disruption in this worldview can lead to significantdistress. Inthis lessonwe’ll lookatthe importanceofre-establishingthewell-beingofthecareproviderswhomaybevictimsaswell.Primary school children begin to develop abilities to cognitively appraise the worldaround them. When disaster strikes, they understand danger to their family andenvironment.Theymayexperiencethefullrangeofhumanemotionbutgenerallylacktheeffectivevocabularyorcognitivemeanstoexpresstheir internalexperience.We’lllookatchildcrisisinterventionasabestpracticestrategyofcreatingan“opportunityforexpression”asanantidotalapproach.The lessonwill divide theadolescent andpre-adolescent inboth termsof reaction tocrisisandrecovery.We’lltakeasomewhatgeneralizedlookatthisgroupbyconsideringthreedistinctmethodsofintervention.Gender,developmentalage,andhomesupportarekeyfactorsinhowtheseagegroupswillrecoverfromcrisis.

II. Definitions

1. CriticalIncidentStress–alsoknownastraumaticstressoracutestress;intensestressreactionstoaneventorincidentwheretheindividualoragroup’sabilitytocopeisoverwhelmed.

2. AcuteStressReaction–apowerfulhumanstressresponsethatfollowsandisimmediatelyassociatedwithanacutestressorsuchasdisaster,orasignificantthreattolifeorpersonalwellbeingortheperceptionofsuch.ASRmayincludesignificantchangesinphysical,emotional,cognitive,behavioralandspiritual;wellbeing.Itisatemporarypsychologicalstatethatifleftunresolvedmayexacerbateintoamorepermanentdisorder.

3. CrisisIntervention–anattempttoemotionallystabilize,acknowledge,understand,andsupportindividualsand/orgroupssufferingfromthepainfulexperienceofacrisis.


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4. CriticalIncidentStressManagement–systematic,multicomponent,comprehensiveandmulti-physicapproachtothemitigationofcriticalincidentstress;providersincludeclergy,laity,peerandprofessionalmentalhealthcare.

III. Concepts

A. ChildreninCrisis:Preschool(ages1-5)

1. AcuteStress• Reactions

1) Sleepproblems,nightmares2) Separationanxiety3) Fearfulness4) Clinging5) Regression6) Repetitiveplay

• Symptoms

1) Behavioral• Bedwetting,• Thumbsucking• Clingtoparents• Fearofthedark• Avoidanceofsleepingalone

2) Physical• Lossofappetite• GIDistress• Speechdifficulties• Tics

3)Emotional• Anxiety• Fear• Irritability• Angryoutburst• Sadness• Withdrawal

2. Response

• Supportive1) Providethecaregiverssafetyandsupport2) Createsafeenvironmentremovefromstressor


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• Method1) Consultandeducateexistingrelationshipstochild2) Ifseparationexistsfrompriorcaregiverestablishnewresource.3) Goslow4) Interventionoptions-avoidgroupwork-youdon’tdebriefkids–ever

• AtHome

1) Verbalandphysicalassurance2) MaintainFamilyroutines3) Comfortingbedtimeroutines4) Avoidunnecessaryseparation5) Permitchildtosleepinparents’roomtemporarily6) Encourageexpressionregardinglosses7) Encourageexpressionthroughplayactivities8) Monitorandlimitmediaexposure9) Developasafetyplan

• AtSchoolorChurch

1) Pray2) Tellstoriesofdisasterandrecovery3) Drawingtopromoteexpression4) Usedolls,puppets,toys,blocksforreenactmentplay5) Groupgames6) Provideeducationtimeforparents7) Usetimetoidentifychildrenwhomayneedreferral

B. ChildreninCrisis:PrimarySchoolChildren(ages6-11)1. AcuteStress

• Reactions

1) Sleepproblems,nightmares2) Fearaboutsafety3) Preoccupationwithdisaster4) Physicalcomplaints5) Depressionorguilt6) Angryoutbursts7) Declineinacademicperformance8) Withdrawalfrompeers


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• Symptoms1) Behavioral

• Academicdecline• Aggressive• Hyperactive• Whining• Increasedcompetitivewithyoungersiblingsforattention

2) Physical

• Changeinappetite• GIdistress• Sleepdisturbances• Somatoformepisodes

3) Emotional

• Schoolandsocialavoidance• Rage• Preoccupationwiththeincident• Infantileregression

2. Response• AtHome

1) Giveadditionalattentionandconsideration2) Setfirmbutgentleboundariesonactingout3) Patiencewiththechild’sneedtorepetitivelyretellthestory4) Encourageverbalandplayexpressionofthoughtsandfeelings5) Structuredbutundemandinghomechoresandactivities6) Rehearsehomesafetyplanfora“NextTime”

• AtSchoolorChurch1) Freedrawingtime2) Discussiontime3) Freewritingtime4) Storytimeaboutadisaster5) Encouragereadingondisasterandloss6) Safetypreparedness7) Individualinterventionforhighriskstudent8) Offercorrectinformation


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C. Adolescentandpre-adolescent(ages12-18)

1. AcuteStress

• Behavioral1) DeclineinAcademicperformance2) Rebellionathome3) Declineinpreviousresponsiblebehavior4) Agitation5) DelinquentBehavior6) Social,spiritualwithdrawal

• Physical

1) Appetitechange2) Headaches3) GI4) Skinproblems5) Somatoformcomplaints6) Sleepdisruptions

• Emotional

2) Lossofsocialinterest3) Sad,depressed4) Resistancetoauthority5) Inadequacies,helpless

• Cognitive

2) Skewedabilitytoappraisevalue3) Lossofconcentration4) Socialcontagion5) Bizarrereactiveexpressionoftangentialthought

2. Response• AtHome

1) Model2) Don’tforcediscussionbutlookforopportunities3) Encourageinvolvementincommunityrecoveryefforts4) LimitTVtime-GetPhysical


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• AtSchoolorChurch1) ResumethenormASAP\2) Lowerinitialacademicexpectations3) Donotlowerbehavioralboundariesbutre-statetheirimportance4) Debriefhomogeneoussmallgroupswhosharesimilarloss5) Individualconsultsforhighriskstudents6) Projectsandactivitiesthataimatmemorializingthelossandmoving

forward.

D. CrisisResponseTeamforChildren

• Qualifications1) Familiarizationwiththetargetage

2) SpecificTrainingincrisisCareforChildren

3) Pre-screenedforsafetyandsecurity

• Approaches1) Teamrelationshipwithrequestingentity

2) Consultativerolewithfocusonsupport

3) Readyresourceforreferralestablished

4) Passingtherecoveryontolongtermcareproviders

• TeamCare1) Accountability

2) Debriefings

3) Follow-up


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IV. ConclusionResponding to children in crisis, while rewarding and compelling, is perhaps themostdifficultpopulationencountered indisaster.A littleone’s inherent innocencemakestheirvictimizationandourefforttoassistthemaverytoughproposition.Achild’s inborn resilience conversely offers us perhaps themost opportunity to dowell. The Interventionist’s priority when responding to children should be firstfocusedonsupportingtheestablishedparentordependentcaregiver.Asasecondconsideration the provider must have knowledge of developmental capacity as itappliestothestrategyofrecovery. Noactiononthepartoftherespondershouldimpede the natural interaction between the intact parent or dependent caregiverand child. The impact of crisis care to children on the provider is profound andshouldbeplannedfor inadvanceofdeployment.Thatplanmustincludeextensivetrainingonhow to respond to children in crisis. The response itself shouldnotbemotivated by compassion but instead as a well thought out tactical approachregardingsoundpsychologicalandspiritualprinciples.


1. Howdoestheroleoftheresponderdifferwithchildrenthanwithadults?2. Howimportantaretheneedsoftheparentorcaregiverinachildcrisissituation?3. WhataresomeuniquerequirementsofaCrisisResponseTeamforChildren?


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CRFR112:

AmbassadorsofFaithandtheMinistryofPresence

CharlieDavidson,D.D.


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AbstractAministry of presence is something that any Christian can provide to those suffering and incrisis. All a person must do is be present as a representative of God. Though the task isuncomplicated, it is notnecessarily easy. There aremany instructions that a caregivermustfollowinordertobestserveothers.LearningObjectives:

1. Participantswilldevelopadeeperunderstandingofkeytermsincrisisresponse.

2. Participantswill learnhowtoprovideaministryofpresenceandhowtobestprepareforadisasterresponse.

3. Participants will understand the working definitions of a chaplain, counselor and

volunteer.


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I. IntroductionII. Concepts

A. WorkingDefinitions1. Chaplain

2. Counselor

3. Volunteer

B. HistoryofChaplaincy

1. Ineverywar,theclergy,orchaplaincy,playedrolesofassistancetotroops.

2. Chaplainshavehadmanyjobsthroughouthistory,allhaveprovidedsomeformofcaregiving.

C. WhatisCrisis?1. Anemotional,stressfulevent,oradramaticchangeinaperson’slife.

D. RealMinistryofPresence1. YouaretheretorepresentGodandremindthesufferingofHispresence.

2. Youofferspiritualandreligioussupportandguidance.


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3. Yousetthestandardofmoralandethicalbehavior,includinghonoringthedead.

4. Rites,sacraments,andordinancesmightbeaskedofyou;yourtrainingandbeliefsshouldmandateyourbehaviorhere.

5. Familyministry

6. Institutionalministry

7. Professionalsupportofyourteam

8. Pastoralcare

9. Assessment

E. GettingReadytoGo1. BealeaderANDafollower.

2. Getoutofthewaywhenissuesareaboveyourhead.

3. Researcheverythingthatyoucanaboutaministryofpresence.

4. Makeadetailedpackinglist.

F. Do’sandDon’tsoftheCaregiver1. Knowyourkeyleaders.

2. Identifyyourselftovictims.


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3. Learnhowtoprovideministryofpresence.

4. Seekkeyinformationfromvictims.

5. Writedownessentialfacts.

6. Haveempathyandshowcompassion.

7. Don’tgivefalsehope.

8. Provideencouragementinatactfulway.

9. Helpvictimstothenextstep.

10. Practicetriage.

11. Taketimeattheendofyourdaytorelaxandshareyourownstorywithsomeone.

12. Checkinandoutwithyourcommandcenter.

13. Nevergoalone.

14. Don’tleavewithoutproperequipment.

15. Don’tbreakrules.

16. Don’tgobeyondyourtraining.


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III. Conclusion

AgreatwayforanyChristiantoprovideforthoseincrisisisbyconductingaministryofpresence. Beingpresentand listeningtothestoriesof traumavictims is invaluable incrisis. Conductingyourselfasa representativeofGod’s loveandhope isdifficult,buthighlyrewarding.


1. Whyisitsoimportanttobepreparedbeforeenteringcrisissituations?

2. Whatshouldyourreactionbewhenyouareapproachedbyvictimswhowanttotelltheirstory?

3. Whatistheimportanceofpersonalsafetyinacrisissituation?


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