8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 1/22

Folie 1

Focus on Concentrating Solar Power 

The state of the art of the technology

Futures e-project workshop:

Harmonisation and Coordination of European Renewable Electricity support mechanisms

Options and Consequences for the Mediterranean Countries – 1. October, Rome, Italy

Christoph Richter 

German Aerospace Center (DLR) - Executive Secretary SolarPACES

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 2/22

Folie 2

FOCUS on CSP – some PS10 Impressions

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 3/22

Folie 3

• firm capacity,

power on demand via

storage or hybrid operation

• additional process heat for 

cooling, drying, seawater 

desalination, etc.

Fuel

Power CycleProcess Heat

Electricity

Principle of a Conventional Thermal Power Plant

ConcentratingSolar Collector 

Field

Solar Heat

ThermalEnergy

Storage

• concentrated,storable solar thermal

energy as fuel saver 

Principle of a Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 4/22Folie 4

Concentrating solar technologies: basic layout schemes

Solar 

Receiver 

Heliostats

Absorber 

Tube

Pipe with

thermal fluid

Curved mirror 

Receiver / Engine

Reflector 

Central Receiver 

Parabolic Trough

Dish/Engine

Linear Fresnel

Absorber tube and

reconcentrator 

Curved

mirror 

Solar 

Receiver 

Heliostats

Solar 

Receiver 

Heliostats

Absorber 

Tube

Pipe with

thermal fluid

Curved mirror 

Receiver / Engine

Reflector 

Receiver / Engine

Reflector 

Central Receiver 

Parabolic Trough

Dish/Engine

Linear Fresnel

Absorber tube and

reconcentrator 

Curved

mirror 

Linear Concentration

C: 100, T: ~ 500° C

Point Concentration

C: 1000+, T: ~ 1000° C

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 5/22Folie 5

Current projects, US: Nevada Solar One, 64 MW

64 MW Parabolic Trough Plant, Nevada, Startup 6/2007

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 6/22Folie 6

95

96

97

98

99

100

   A  v  a   i   l  a

   b   i   l   i   t  y  -   %

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

III IV V VI VII

The SEGS Experience in California

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

 

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

   D   i  r  e  c   t   N  o  r  m  a   l   R  a   d   i  a   t   i  o  m   [   W   /  m   ²   ]

05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00

Solar to Electric

Efficiency (gross)

Direct Normal Radiation

Thermal Solar Field Efficiency

-

Solar Efficiencies Measured at SEGS VIon July 1997 by KJC Operating Company

High availabilityHigh solar efficiency

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 7/22Folie 7

Plant layout Andasol

Turbina de vapor 

Condensador 

Precalentador 

de presión baja

Sobrecalentador 

Precalentador 

solar 

Recalentador solar 

Generador de vapor 

Tanque deexpansión

Campo Solar 

Caldera

Combustibe

(Opcional)

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 8/22Folie 8

Andasol 50 MW plant, power block and thermal

storage tanks

22 tankstanks::

ØØ = 36 m= 36 m

h = 14 mh = 14 m

28.500 tm28.500 tm

molten saltmolten salt

7,5 h storage7,5 h storage

a 50 MWa 50 MW

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 9/22Folie 9

Concentrating Solar Power 

Status of commercial technology

Parabolic Trough

HTF: Thermal OilMature and commercially proven technology

Competing products with similar dimensions

Plant sizes: 14 – 80 MWe

Power Tower 

Water/steam: First commercial systems (10/20 MWe)

Molten salt: Commercial system under development (17 MWe)

Air: Pre-commercial pilot plant under construction (1,5 MWe)

Linear Fresnel

Prototype systems with significant industrial engagement

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 10/22Folie 10

Development Stage CSP Technologies

Parabolic Trough Solar Power Tower  Dish-Stirling Linear Fresnel

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 11/22Folie 11

R&D for next steps: Solar Thermal Power Facilities

Worldwide

PSI (CH)

Solar One (US)

WIS (IL)

CNRS (F) CRTF Sandia (US)

PSA (E)

 ANU (AUS)WIS (IL)

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 12/22

Folie 12

2008: 13 Members of IEA SolarPACES IA

SolarPACESis a worldwide coalition of 12 member 

countries collaborating and sharing

information on technology developmentand applications of concentrated solar 

energy

MEXICO

USA

SOUTH AFRICA

ISRAEL

EGYPT

SPAINSWITZERLAND

GERMANYFRANC

E

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

AUSTRALIA

ALGERIA

  AUSTRALIA GERMANY

SOUTH

 AFRICA

  ALGERIA EGYPT EU FRANCE ISRAEL MEXICO SPAIN SWITZER-

LAND

UNITED

STATES

COREA

COREA

Interested: Greece,

Austria, Italy, UAE,Namibia, Portugal

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 13/22

Folie 13

• T = 400°C

• p = 100 bar 

• l = 500 m (700 m)

• P th≈

1,5 MW• all operation modes are

realizable

• more than 8000 operation

hours

Parabolic Troughs - DSG

Erection of DISS Test Facility

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 14/22

Folie 14

Parabolic Troughs – DSG

Achievements

▪ potential of cost reduction determined to

be 11-15% (compared to HTF)

▪ feasibility proven at life size test-facility

▪ development of absorber tubes for 

T = 500°C

▪ detailed engineering of first demonstration

plant finished

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 15/22

Folie 15

Parabolic Troughs – DSG

Outlook

▪ erection of demonstration plant

▪ development of storage system

▪ demonstrate feasibility of several

parallel loops

▪

optimize operation strategy

▪ minimize investment

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 16/22

Folie 16

Solar Towers

Increase power block efficiency

▪ Power block already fully developed

▪ Increase operation temperature

▪ Use appropriate working fluid

▪ air 

▪ water/steam

▪ molten salt

▪ sodium

▪…

▪ Change power cycleG

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 17/22

Folie 17

Rankine

η = 16 % (annual)Rankine

η = 16 % (annual)

CC

η = 25 % (annual)

Solar Towers

Solar-hybrid gas turbine systems (SGT)

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 18/22

Folie 18

Parabolic Troughs & Solar Towers

Summary

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

PS-10 Trough

(HTF)

Trough

(DSG)

Tower 

(Salt)

Tower 

(Na/Sn)

Tower 

(Air/CC)

   T  e  m  p  e  r

  a   t  u  r  e   [   °   C   ]

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 19/22

Folie 19

▪ R&D concentrates on cost reduction of CSP systems

▪

One promising option is to increase operation temperature

▪ For trough systems 500°C are realistic in the mid term

▪ For solar towers 1000°C have been demonstrated

▪ SGT system has highest solar to electricity efficiency

▪ A standard technology is not likely for the future

R&D tasks

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 20/22

Folie 20

Options for process heat applications > 200° C

Collector area

Storage tank

Heat (hot water)

Steam

gene-

rator 

Steam

manifoldSteam

Existing steam boiler 

Absorption chiller 

Hotel complex

Air 

conditioning

Space

heating,

laundry, foodpreparation

Steam

Chilled

water system

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 21/22

Folie 21

Future HVDC Grid for long Distance Transfer as

Complement to the Existing AC Grid for Local Supply

Wind Power 

Geothermal

Hydropower 

Biomass

Solar Power 

Conventional

Wind Power 

Geothermal

Hydropower 

Biomass

Solar Power 

Conventional

HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission

8/3/2019 CRichter CSP State of the Art

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/crichter-csp-state-of-the-art 22/22

Folie 22

Thank you for your attention!