Cretaceous Radiolaria from Niedzica Successionof the Pieniny Klippen Belt in Polish Carpathians

MARTA B4I(

Bqk, M. 1996. Cretaceous Radiolaria from Niedzica Succession of the PieninyKlippen Belt in Polish Carpathians. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 41, 1, 91-110.

Three radiolarian-rich intervals have been recognized in the late Cretaceous marlsof the Niedzica Succession in the Polish part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpa-thians. Associated planktonic foraminifers show that they correspond to majortransgressive events in the latest Albian, at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary,and in the late Ttrronian. The abundance of radiolarians seems to be related toincreased silica content in the sediment (protecting their skeletons against thealkaline environment of the limestone) and presumably in the sea v/ater. Forty-ttrree species of Radiolaria identified in the strata show generally wide ranges fromthe late Albian to Coniacian. Some of the first or last occurrences correspond tothose in Japan and southern Europe.

Key words: Pieniny Klippen Belt, Cretaceous, Radiolarja, biostratigraphy.

Marta BaJ<, Instgtut Nauk Geologiczngch, UniuersAtet Jagieltoriski, Oleandry 2a,30463 Krak6u, Poland.

Introduction

Pieniny Klippen Belt in its present form represents a tectonically stronglydeformed zone which separates two major structural units: the InnerCarpathians to the south and Outer Carpathians to the north. During theLate Cretaceous time the central part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt repre-sented an elevated Czorsztyn ridge whereas the Niedzica Succession in itsnorthern zone (in Poland and Slovakia) was a region of pelagic andflyschoid sedimentation (Fig. l). Despite this, radiolarians are rare fossilsin the Cretaceous deposits of the Niedzica Succession. They are commononly in a few horizons, where a higher content of silica enabled theirpreservation in the limestone rock matrix.

The presence of radiolarians in the Cretaceous strata of the PieninyKlippen Belt was reported previously by Birkenmajer (1977) and Birken-

92 C retaceous Radiolaria: B A{\

N

r.<|It]lltl|llt-t-TIffim

continental crust

oceanic crust

mantle

merange

carbonates andradiolarian che(s

uplift

tectonic transport

orogenic plutonismand volcanism

\f

clastictransporl

l - ' - ' r - r t -

. . ' - ) ; t + , + -

- l + +

F-':-T.l 'v""n

Fig. l. Palinspastic-palaeotectonic section across the Pieniny Klippen Belt Basin in the

Cenomanian (after Birkenmajer 1986).

majer & Jednorowska (f 987), but the taxonomy and morpholos/ of thesemicrofossils remain poorly lcrown. The main purpose of this paper is todescribe in more detail the radiolarian assemblages of the Niedzica Suc-cession and to interpret their occurrences in terms of the Cretaceouseustacy.

Exposures

Three sections of the Cretaceous Niedzica Succession were studied.Kosarzyska Valley section. - The section is located in the river-bed

of the Falsztyfski creek (Fig. 2; Birkenmajer 1954, 1958; Alexandrowicz1968; K. B4k 1995). Green and black marly shales with black marlylimestone intercalations representing the Rudina Member of the KapuSni-ca Formation, occur at the base of the section (Figs 3, 4). These stratabelong to the Late Albian Rotalipora subticirwnsis-Rotalipora ticlnensisforaminiferal 7-one. They are overlain by variegated and green-grey marlsintercalated by black limestones and dark gray marly shales of theBrynczkowa Marl Member, which represents the Rotalipora appennintca-Planamatina buxtorfi. and Rotaltporc- brotzeni foraminiferal Zones of LateAlbian to Cenomanian age (Fig. 5). The Skalski Marl Member is repre-sented in the section by red marls with bright gray marls and thin beddedsandstone intercalations. This member belongs to the Rotahpora reichelli-Rotc:tipora greenhornensis foraminiferal Zone (Cenomanian). There are redmarls interbedded with sandstones of ttre Macelowa Marl Member in the

ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA (41) (1)

- - ; - - l : - - ' &rou.+"r,"*v]ir.'i

_ Early and Middle Jurassic deposits

E lHlgff*f'$t?1:::il"t'tieozica ffi htklHig'#s$3,|;" ffi *uo,n"'"''"'.and Maoura Naooe

[IIi-iil a,.oro*le Formarion ffi .,"*r," ro',n",on ffi ,"*o,n, Formarion

JllIIIl Mid and Late Cretaceous pelagic[:::::l deposits of Czorsztyn Succession F,l rno,u,o"o euarernary

Fig. 2. AA. Location of the investigated sections in ttre Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians (afterBirkenmajer 1977, simplified). trB. Location of the Kosarzyska Valley section (after Birken-majer 1958, simplified). trC. Location of the Bukowiny Valley and Bukowiny Hill sections(after Birkenmajer I 97O, simplified).

upper part of ttre section. This represents the Heluetoglobotntncana helue-tica, Marginoglobatruncana sigali, and Dicartnelln primiffi)a (Early Turo-nian- Coniacian) foraminiferal Zones. The Macelowa Marl Member isoverlain by olive-green marly shales and shaly flysch of the Osice SiltstoneMember (K. B4F f 995). These last deposits lack stratigraphically import-ant microfauna.

Bukowiny Hill Section. - The section investigated is located in thescarf of the road from Jaworki to Bukowiny Hill (Fig. 2). The Skalski MarlMember is represented here by variegated marls (green and gray alternat-ing with red marls) (Fig. 4). It belongs to the CenomanianRotalipora reicheltand Rotalipora cushmani foraminiferal Zones.

The SneZnica Siltstone Formation is represented by bright gray shalymarls with thin bedded siltstones and sandstone intercalations containingseveral beds of bright green pelitic limestones. These strata belong to theRotatipora cushmani and H. heluettca foraminiferal Zones (Late Cenoma-nian-Early Turonian).

94 Cretaceous Radialaria : B AK

The Macelowa Marl Member consists of red marls tectonically stronglydeformed. Stratigraphically it represents H. heluetica, M.sigali" D. primiti-ua, and Dicartnelln concauata foraminiferal Zones (Early Turonian-Conia-cian). The Macelowa Marl Member in this section is overlain by shaly flyschof the Osice Siltstone Member, which does not contain any microfauna ofcorrelative value.

Bukowiny Valley section. - This section is located between the Ho-mole Ravine and the earlier described road at Bukowiny Hill in the placewhere the stream strongly cuts the valley (Fig. 2; K. Bqh 1994). TheSneZnica Siltstone and Macelowa Marl Members are exposed here (Figs 3,4). The SneZnica Siltstone Member is represented by bright gray marlswith thin sandstone intercalations. It belongs to the Late Cenomanian R.cushmani foraminiferalZone. The Macelowa Marl Member consists of redmarls with very thin intercalations of mudstones and sandstones. It isrepresented only by the Late Turonian M. sigali foraminiferal Zone.

Material and methods

The radiolarian tests were retrieved from samples (usually about O.5 kg)by dissolving the marly matrix in hot acetic acid according to the methodsdescribed by Kostka & Widz (1986). Residua were washed through a 63 pmsieve. They were then dried out and all radiolarians from each sample werepicked out.

The material is deposited in the Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiel-lonian University, Cracow, Poland.

Radiolarian associations

Forty three species of Radiolaria were identified in 36 samples of LateCretaceous variegated marly deposits from Polish part of the PieninyKlippen Belt (Tabs 1, 2). The samples contain also planktonic foraminife-rans that were used as a biostratigraphic control. The foraminiferalbiozonation of the strata by K. BaJ< (1994) is followed (Fig. 5).

Samples with abundant radiolarians are predominantly concentratedin the variegated marls of the Bukowiny Valley section (samples Bw-l,Bw-4, Bw-S, Bw-9, Bw-10) and green-grey marls of ttre Kosarzyska section(samples Kos-1, Kos-2, Kos-3).

Three intervals of radiolarian-rich sediments were recognized in thestudied profiles. The first interval is represented in samples Kos-1, Kos-2,Kos-3. Radiolarians are abundant but generally poorly-preserved, withdiagenetic transformation into zeolite. Nassellarians, especially Holocryp-tocaniumbarbuL are dominant in this interval.

The second interval occurs in the section Bukowiny Valley (samplesBw-I, Bw-S, Bw-1O). The samples contain abundant and well-preserved

ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA (41) II)

Tab. L Frequencies of the radiolarian species in the Bukowiny Hill and Bukowiny Valleysections. Abbreviations: Sn. St. * SneZnica Siltstone Member, Skal. Mr. - Skalski MarlMember.

95

CENOMAN. Ttr'RON. CON.M

Skal. Mr. lSn. Sl Macelowa Mr. Mb.

FORAMINIFERAL ZONE D E G H I

SAMPLE + + t d t + + t + t +' i t T +

LnDtmDhorella comraCnntomnhnrelln sn A

l rinr ,| t::

H2hi ?nnt nr an v n nhh atlm

Ifnlnnrtntnrnnhtm hat

Ho

Orbiculiforu so.

Prrecomcanom universa

Itirhnmin

*irhnrnnv

Triutnm sn. A

CEN TTRONIANF

Sn. St. Mac.Mr.Mb.

E F G

* *q ' t Y t q t 9 t q t T; t ' t > t ' t ; t B

6 t d t 6 t d t 6 t 6

lliiililr l-4specimens W to-lgspecimens

fr s-s specimens | > 2ospecimens

radiolarians. The most abundant in this interval are specimens of Hola-cryptocanirrm barbui, Squinabollum ;fossrlls, arrd Cryptampho relln conara.Stichomitra communi.s and Pseudodictgomitra pseudomacrocephala arepresent in the material investigated and these are characteristic taxa ofthe Cenomanian/Turonian anoxic event (Kuhnt et aI. 1986). Planktonicforaminiferans suggest a Late Cenomanian age of sample Bw- 1, and EarlyTuronian age of samples Bw-8 and Bw-1O.

96 Cretaceots Radiolarin: B AK

Tab. 2. Frequencies of the radiolarian species in the Kosarzyska section. Abbreviations: Sn.- SneZnica Siltstone Member, Rud. Mb. - Rudina Member, Br. Mb. - Brynczkowa MarlMember.

ALBIAN cENOI\tr TURONIAN

E I,ATE

Rud.Mb. Br. Mb. Skal Sn MacelowaMrl. Mb.

FORAMINIFERAL ZONE A B C F H I

SAMPLEM X v

H n I o emto c a n iu m. h th Pft u I n h t m

<nu;hnh^ll i lm f^a4il;4

The third interval of radiolarian-rich sediments is represented by sam-ples Bw-4 and Bw-9 which contain abundant, well-preserved and verydiverse radiolarian fauna, including Cryptamphorella, Dictgomttra, Hemic-

ryptocap so., Holocryptocanium, Praeconocary omma, Stichomitra and Squi-na,bollilm. Foraminiferal fauna suggests a Late Turonian age of thesesamples.

Radiolarian biozonation

The assemblages of the Niedzica Succession can be fit into radiolarianzonation schemes developed in other areas of the world. Dumitrica (L975)distinguished two radiolarian assemblages in the Cenomanian sequenceof Romania. The assemblage investigated herein can be correlated with hisolder assemblage (Holocryptocanium barbut- Holncrypto canium tuberculn-tum assemblage), based on the high frequency of the index species H.barbui and H. tuberculatum, the co-occurence of otleer cryptothoracicNassellaria (H emicry ptocap sc-, C ryptamphorelln, and Squinabollum) andalso the associated occurrence of some multi-segmented nassellarians(Dictgomitra and SttchomXra).ln my material there is no evidence for thepresence of the younger Holocryptocanium nanunt-Excentropglomma cerro-mann assemblage of Dumitrica (f 975), because the index species aremissing and Alieuium superbum, the first occurrence of which limited thebase of the H. no,nunt-D. cenomand assemblage, has not been observed.

ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA (4I) (1)

C A M P A N I A N

Macelowa Marl Member

. - . ' . : ' . sRoMowcE FM. .. . . . . ' ' . ' . ' , ' . '

, ' .".:. ' ; ' .:. :. ' ,. ' "ff i :.:.. . . . i : ' . . . . - . : ' . . . : ' . ' : t > ' B . 9 - M , : . . ' - . ' . ' .1 .-r. t-. .T f . f f .7. f ..T .-: 1.. -. : I .'T. = li i':'.'i' ' ' -""tb' '" '" 'sirt" i ; ; ; i l iot ' ' ; '

lt

v

S A N T O N I A N

C O N I A C I A N

LateT U R O N I A N

Early' :

SneZnica Siltstone Member o=

;;;l:l+;';':.i lrawneS-

LateCENOMANIAL _

Middle

EarlyBrynczkowa Marl Member

ALBTAN Late

Early + Middle

Rudina Member Y

frTTTrf rf lfil I I--E --- IL

t_lEm

mansand limestones

Fig. 3. Albian to Campanian lithostratigraphic units of the Niedzica succession in the PieninyKlippen Belt (after Birkenmajer & Jednorowska 1987). Abbreviations: B.G.M. - BukowinyGravelstone Member, K.F. - Kapu6nica Formation.

The investigated fauna corresponds more closely to the H. barbut-Ho-locrgptocanium gegsersensls assemblage of Nakaseko & Nishimura ( 198 t )from Southwest Japan, based on the co-occurrence of H. barbui, H.geasersensis, P. pseudomacrocephala, A. uulgaris, C. connrc4 H. polghedra,H. tuberosa, X. uegli, P. untuersa, S.;fosstlis, and S. communis. Nakaseko& Nishimura (1981) dated their assemblages as approximately Albian-Cenomanian in age. Radiolarian fauna of Turonian age from the PieninyKlippen Belt can be also included into the assemblage of Nakaseko &Nishimura (f 981).

Taketani (1982) established the radiolarian zonation for mid-Creta-ceous deposits of Hokkaido. For the Albian to Coniacian interval hedistinguished five radiolarian biozones: the H. barbui-Thanarla conica,Dincantlncap sa euganea-Thanarln elegantis simr, Eusgrtngium sptno sum,Dictgomitra Jormosa, and Squirmbollum Jossilis Zone. In my assemblage,H. barbui does not co-occur with T conica as is the case with theHolocryptocqnium barbui-Thanqrln" conica zone of Taketani (1982). It isdifficult to indicate the base of the Dincanttncapsa euganea-Thsrwrlsdegantissimq Zone because H. gegsersensis and H. polghedra (the firstdiagnostic for the base of this zone) do not appear together in my material.

olistostromes.lEl conolomerates andl'.'!' I sedi-mentary breccias

tri t flvsch and flvschoid[:::':''']

..'.1 d'evetopmeni

radiolarian shaleand chert

hiatus

98

Sromowce Formation

Osice Siltstone Member

Macelowa Marl Member

Sneinica Siltstone MembeiSkalski Marl Member

Brynczkowa Marl Member

Rudina Member

Cretaceots Radiolarin : B AK

< 1 6

< 2 5

< 1 4

< 1 0

< 1 9< 2 9

'<28

f f i - zLr;+44F+|,-,

EE€H <5Fffi --sffii-l{

Eii55 -zffi-+f f i -nf f i -< to

Hrffi-<8

f f i - t

Esis;rBukowiny Valley

?7_I? \c

t 3

1 4

< 2 5< 2 7

< 1 3

Kosazyska Valley

FI sandstone E siltstone ! black marly shale ffi gr""n marl ffi red mad

Fig. 4. Geological sections showing the lithological units and position of samples (after K. BaJ<

1994).

T. eleganttssima, the last occurrence of which is diagnostic for the top ofthe zone, is not present in my material. The species that define the baseand the top of the E . spinosum Zorre are also missing in the Pieniny KlippenBelt, but the last occurrences of H. barbut, H. gegsersensis, and P.pseudomacroceplnla are close to the top of Eusgringium spinosum Zoneaccording to Taketani (1982). In the material investigated, the taxa whichfirst occur at the base of the D. Jormosa Zone ate not present butSquirmbolfumrfossrlls, the last occurrence of which defines the top of S.

,fossills Zone of Taketani (1982), occurs in the Late Turonian.Sanfilippo & Riedel (1985) established two Radiolarian biozones of

Albian-Coniacian age. In the Niedzica Succession Cryptamphorella conara,H. barbui", and P. pseudomacrocephala occur widely btut Obesacapsula

' Bukowiny Hill

ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA (4T) (I)

FORAMINIFEFALZONATION

Fig. 5. Composite range chart of radiolarian species in the Niedzica Succession of the PieninyKlippen Belt.

somphedin, the earliest appearance of which defines the boundary be-tween the O. somphedia" and Acaeniotgle umbilicata Zones, has not beenidentified. Ttrere are some difficulties with fitting the investigated radiola-rian assemblage into other Cretaceous radiolarian zonations (e.g. Schaaf1981; Ttrurow 1988) because some index radiolarians are missingi.O'Dogherty (1994) proposed radiolarian zones based on Unitary Associ-ation for middle Cretaceous deposits in the Mediterraean Region. Theradiolarian fauna presented by O'Dogherty (1994) shows a slight similaritywith the fauna from Niedzica Succession. However, the species used forthe definition of the radiolarian biozones by this author are absent in mymaterial, probably because of different ecological conditions.

Review of identified species

Species are listed in alphabetical order. Distribution in samples is shoumonTabs l-2.

Actinommidoe gen et sp. indet. A. - A few variably preserved speci-mens have a spherical cortical shell of the test with four massive spines.Meshwork is regular vdth hexagonal pores (Fig. 6A)

Actinommidae gen. et sp. indet. B. - A few poorly preserved speci-mens of this form are usually associated with the previous species differfrom it in irregular pore frames, and the lack of spines (Fig 6El).

Actinommid.ae gen. et sp. indet. C. - This is another undeterminedspecies of the family, known from a few moderately preserved specimens.The test bears two massive spines in the axial position. Meshwork isregular, with hexagonal pores (Fig. 6I).

Cryptamphorella cono;rrr (Foreman 1968). - Numerous variablypreserved specimens from the deposits of the Niedzica Succession do not

o H"F=$ =,

$s$S$$$$$$F$$;$$E$CONIACIAN

5 t uN Z

$RFE6 a cE qg6i i?P G6 liltllilll'rrrrl

Tone

TURONIAN LAIE V. si@lizoneEARLY 1.

CENOMANIAN

1. Mhmanizone

1. reidteli- E o@homensisZone

1- EiclEliZone

1. brotzqizone

ALB'AN - R edffidtua7nna

R- frcinensis - P burtoii Zone

too C re taceo us Radiolar'tn : B AK

add any new information to the knowledge of the species (see Dumitrica1970; Schaaf 1981; Sanfilippo & Riedel 1985; G6rka 1989, 1991)(Fig' 9E).

Cryptamphorellasp. A. - This form known from a fewwell-preservedspecimens (Fig. gA-C) differ from Cryptamphorella conarq. by having shortconical spines protruding out of the apical part of ttre abdomen wall (eight

spines around apical part of abdomen). This form probably represents anew species.

Cryptamphorellq sp. B. - One well-preserved specimen (Fig. 9D)differs from C. conara by having an oval abdomen. It differs from C.macropora Dumitrica 1970 by lacking individual sutural pore.

Cryptamphorella sp. C. - One well-preserved specimen (Fi$. 9F) hasbeen found in the deposits investigated. It differs from C. conara by havingthorax almost completely incased in the abdomen, and by havin$ promi-nent sutural pore.

Dirrco;nthoco;psa? sp. - Only poorly preserved specimens (Fig. 8M)are represented in the collection. The test consists of two externally visiblese$ments, semicircular one in the upper part of the test with two brokenspines, and the bigger segment in the lower part of the test. Pores areindistinct. This form is only tentatively assigned to Dincanthocapsa be-cause it has two spines in the upper part of the test.

Dictgomitrq montisserei (Squinabol 19O3). - The species is repre-sented only by few well-preserved specimens from Bukowiny Valley section(Fig. 7B-D). It differs from A. uulgaris by having more slender test in itsdistal part.

Dictgomitrs multicostataZittel1876. - Only one poorly preservedspecimen has been found in sample of Bukowiny Valley section (Fig. 8E;see Campbell & Clark 1944; Kuhnt etaL. 1986; BqB f 993).

Dictgonitra pulchra (squinabol 19Og). - This one moderatelypreserved specimen (Fig. 7A) has its test conical in apical part, andcylindrical distally with about 14 vertical rows of pores (around the visibleside of the test). Adjacent rows of pores are separated by slight rib. Ribsconverge apically. Pores oval or irregular, large in distal part and smallerin apical part of the test.

Heliocryptocapsa sp. - A few moderately preserved specimens (Fig.9L) which have been found in the investigated sections are rather ques-tionably assigned to the genus Heliacryptocapsa because of they havin$much bigger pores of abdominal wall.

Hernicryptocapsa polghedra Dumitrica L97O. - Only a few poorlypreserved specimens are represented in the collection. These forms areclosely related to H. polghedra described by Thurow (1988).

HemicryptocapsatttberosaDumitrica 1970. - These forms (Fig. 8J)differ from H. tuberosa (see Dumitrica 1970) by having more conicaltubercles.

Fig. 6. DA. Actinommidae gen. et sp. indet. A, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-3, Late Turonian,x 100. DB. Acfrnommidae gen. et sp. indet. B, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, x l5O. OC. Orbt-

ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA (41) I1)

cuworma sp., Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, x t5O. trD-E. Praeconocaryomma uniDersaPessagno 1976, SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-lO, EarlyTuronian, x I50. QF-G. Praeconoc-aryomma globosa Hao-ruo 1986, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, Late Turonian, x 15O. trH.Praeconocaryommacopiosa Hao-ruo 1986, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, x 150. DI. ActtrTom-midae getr. et sp. indet. C, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-3, x 1OO. QJ. Triactoma sp. A,Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, x fso. nK. Trinctoma sp. B, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4,x 150. trL. Histiastnrm asfer Lipman 1952, Rudina Member, Kos-2, latest Albian, x lOO.

I O I

Cretaceous Radinlaria: B AK

Hemicryptocapsa? sp. - One well-preserved specimen has beenfound (Fig. 8I) in sample of Bukowiny Valley section: This form is onlyquestionably assigned as Hemicryptocapsa because it has a short massivespine in the axial position of abdomen.

Histiastrum aster Lipman 1952. - This is another single well-preserved specimen (Fig. 6L) which has been found in the depositsinvestigated. This form is closely related to H. aster described and illus-trated by previous autors (see Lipman 1952; Schaaf 1981).

Holocryptocanium borbui Dumitrica L97O. - The most charac-teristic and the most frequent species (Fig. gG-H) in the deposits of theNiedzica Succession from Albian to Turonian. This species is also abun-dant in another successions of the Pieniny Klippen Belt and in themid-Cretaceous deposits of the Flysch Carpathians (see M. Bqk 1993,f 994, f 995) The illustrated specimens are similar to those described byM. B4h (in press) as form with small pores of abdominal wall.

Holocryptocanium gegsersensis Pessagno 1977. - A few moderate-ly preserved specimens (Fig. 9K) have been found in the deposits investi-gated. These forms are closely related to those described and illustratedby previous authors (see Pessagno 1977; Taketani 1982; Thurow f 988).

Holocryptocqniurn tuberculotum Dumitrica 197O. - Only a fewmoderately preserved specimens are represented in the collection (Fig. 9J;see Dumitrica 1970).

Holoeryptocanium sp. - This one well-preserved species (Fig. 9I)differs form H. barbui by having very large sutural pore with protrudingrim around it.

Obeliscoites gigantears (Aliev f968). - One poorly-preserved spe-cimen with broken test is represented in the collection (Fig. 7F). Only twolast segments are visible. Last segment inflated with vertical rows of thepores, flattened distally.

Obeliscoites maximus (Squinabol 19Og). - Two forms (Fig. 7G)havebeen found with broken test which consists of two last segments. Theupper one cylindrical, convex in outline, porate, with small mostly circularpores. Last segment much bigger, inflated with large irregular pores andcoarse meshwork.

Obeliscoites uinassoi (Squinabol 19Og). - Only one well-preservedspecimen (Fig. 7H) is represented in the collection. Its test consists of tensegments, distally closed. Cephalis hemispherical, poreless. Thorax and

Fig. 7. trA. DictAomitrapdchra (Squinabol 1903), SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-lO, EarlyTuronian, x 1OO. DEI-D. Archoeodictgomilro sliteri Pessagno 1976, Macelowa Marl Member,Bw-4, Late Turonian, SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw- 1O, Early Turonian, SneZnica SiltstoneMember, Bw-1O, Early Turonian, x 100. fJE. Dicfuomitra multtcostata Zittel 1876, SneZnicaSiltstone Member, Bw-1, Late Cenomanian, x l50. trF. ObeliscoXes giganteus {Aliev 1968),SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-8, x 100. trG. Obeliscoites maxlmus (Squinabol 1903),SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-I, x 1OO. trH. Obeliscoites uinassai (Squinabol l9O3),Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-9, Late Cenomanian, x 75. fJI. PsetrlrrTictAomitrapseu.domacro-cephala (Squinabol l9O3), SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-8, Late Cenomanian, x l5O.

ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 141) II) 103

trJ-O. Sfrchomitra communls Squinabol 19O3, SneZnica Siltstone Member. O, Bs-8. N. Bur2,Late Cenomanian, Macelowa Marl Member, J, Bw 9, K, Bw-8. L. Bu,9, M, Bur-4. LateTuronian, x 1oo. trP. Xifus sp., Macelowa Marl Member, Bw 4, Late Turonian. x 1oo. Je.Xttus mclaughlini Pessagno 1977, SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-1. Late Cenomanian. xloo lR. Rhopalosyrtngium ? ettgoneum (squinabol), Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, LateTuronian, x 150. DS. Sfichocapsa sp. B, Macelowa Marl Member, Brrr-4. x 1OO. fT. Stichomttragr. asgmbatos Foreman 1968, Macelowa Marl Member. Bw-4. x 15O.

C retaceous Rarlinlarirt : B AK

abdomen trapezoidal in outline, sparsely porous. Post-abdominal seg-ments porate with closely disposed circular pores hexagonal to irregularin outline. The distal part of the test (consists of six segments) inflated.Post-abdominal segments are divided from each other by constrictions.

Orbiculiforma sp. - A few moderately preserved specimens (Fig. 6C)which have been found in the deposits of the Niedzica Succession have testdisc-shaped, circular in lateral view. Central cavity is shallow and widewith small raised area. Meshwork is spongr. Shape of pores unidentifiable.Pores in the central cavity are smaller than in periphery. No specificdetermination can be proposed for this specimen.

Prceconoco;ryomma copiosa Hao-Ruo 1986. - A few poorly-preserved specimens (Fig. 6H) have been found in the investigated sections.

Praeconocaryommo globosa Hao-Ruo 1986. - Numerous moder-ately-preserved specimens (Fig. 6F-G) have been found in the deposits ofthe Niedzica Succession. This forms are closely related to specimenspresented by Hao-Ruo (1986).

Praeconoco;ryommcr uniaersa Pessagno L976.. - Numerous moder-ately preserved specimens are presented in the collection (Fig. 6D-E).

Pseudodictgomitra pseudomacrocephala (Squinabol 19Og). -

Only a few broken tests with post-abdominal chambers were found in thesamples studied (Fig. 7I).

Rhopalosgringium? euganeum (Squinabol 19Og). - Only the poorlypreserved specimens (Fig. 7R)has been found in my material. It appear tobe related to R. euganeum described by O'Dogherty (1994).

Setlnocopsa simplex Taketani 1982. - One moderately-preservedspecimen (Fig. 8G) has been found in sample of Bukowiny Valley section.This species shows close relationships to S. simplex Taketani 1982 but ithas a thinner and longer third segment of the test.

Seth;ocapsa sp. A. - Form poorly-preserved (Fig. 8L). Test consists ofthree segments. The biggest inflated one with large hexagonal pore frames.

Seth;ocapscr? sp. B. - This form is only questionably assi$ned toSethocapsa, because it has three circular spines (one preserved, twobroken) extending from the distal part of the final chamber (Fig. 8H).

Seth:ocapsa sp. C. - This form (Fig. 8K) consists of four segments.Cephalis subspherical, without apical horn. Thorax and abdomen convexin outline with closely disposed circular pores. Fourth segment the biggest,circular in outline, inflated with the largest pores.

Fig. 8. DA. Sttchomitra stocki (Campbell & Clark 1944), SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-I,Late Cenomanian, x 15O. trB-D. Sfuchomitra medincris (Tan 1927\, Macelowa Marl Member,B, Bw-4, x 100, C, Bw-4, D, Bw-9, x l5O, Late Turonian, SneZnica Siltstone Member. EE.Dic$omitra multitostata Zittel 1876, Bw-l, Late Cenomanian, x lO0. trF Stichomitra sp.,Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-9, Late Turonian, x 1OO. trG. Sethocapsa simplexTaketani 1982,SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-1, Late Cenomanian, fJ.H. Sethocapsa? sp. B, SneZnicaSiltstone Member, Bw-l, Late Cenomanian, x 15O. trI. Hemicryptocapsa? sp., Macelowa MarlMember, Bw-4, Late Turonian, x 150. fJJ. Hemicryptocapsa tuberosa Dumitrica 197O,SneZnica Siltstone Member. Bw-8. Late Cenomanian, x l5O. QK. Sethocapsa sp. C, Macelowa

ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA (4I) (1) 1 0 5

Marl Member, Bw-4, Late Turonian, x 2O0. fJL. Settncapsa sp. A, Macelowa Marl Member'

Bw-4, x r5O. trM. Diacanthocapsa? sp., Macelowa Marl Member, Kos-14, x 2OO. trN, P-R.

Squinabollum./ossilis (Squinabol l9O3), SneZnica Siltstone Member, N, Bw-1, Late Cenoma-

nian, Macelowa Marl Member, P, Bw-S, G, Bw-r, x l5O, R, Bw-4, x 2OO,LaIe Turonian. l-lo.

Squinabollum sp., Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, x lOO.

106 C r etace ous Radia laria : B AK

Stichocapsa sp. - This form (Fig. 75) has test elongate and consistsof eight segments. Cephalis conical, massive. Thorax and abdomen trape-zoidal in outline, sparsely porous. Post-abdominal segments convex intheir oufline, porate, divided from one another by slight constrictions. Lastsegment hemispherical. This species differ from Stichocapsa sp. A bylacking the inflated part of the test.

Stichomitra eommunis Squinabol 1903. - Numerous well-preservedspecimens (Fig. 7J-O)have been found in the deposits investigated. Thesespecimens vary in the number of the chambers, and test's width andlength.

Stichomitra. mediocris (Tan L927} - A few moderately preservedspecimens from ttre deposits of the Niedzica Succession (Fig. 8B-D) do notadd any new information to the knowledge of the species (see Tan L927:Renz 1974; Nakaseko & Nishimura 1981; G6rka lg91; O'Dogherty 1994).

Stiehomitra stocki (Campbell & Clark L944) emend. Foreman1968. - The specimens (Fig. 8A)vary considerably in their overall appear-ances. In the present study specimens identified as S. stocki have theirtests thick walled, multi-segmented, conical to cylindrical distally. Ce-phalis knob-like. Test with small polygonal pores (see Campbell & Clark1944; O'Dogherty 1994).

Stichomitr@ sp. - No specific determination can be proposed for thisspecimen (Fig. 8F). Its test is campanulate and consists of five segmentsdiffering in outline. Cephalis semispherical, poreless. Thorax and ab-domen conical, sparsely porous. TWo last post-abdominal segments poratewith moderately hexagonal pores. They are divided by pronounced stric-tures.

Squinabollum Jossilis (Squinabol 19O3). - Numerous moderatelypreserved specimens (Fig. 8N, P-R) have been found in ttre materialinvestigated. The forms vary in the length of apical horn.

Squinobollum sp. - This species (Fig. 80) differs from S.;fossilis byhaving several short conical spines projecting out of its abdominal wall.

Triactomlr sp. A. - TWo poorly-preserved specimens (Fig. 6J) arecharacteristic in having test ellipsoidal with three co-planar, thick spines,forming about t20' angles between them. Spines are broken. Cortical shellhas circular pores.

Trirrctoma sp. B. - This form (Fig. 6K) differs frornTriactoma sp. A byhaving thinner spines and smaller pores of cortical shell.

Xitrts mclaughlini Pessagno L977. - Only a few moderately preservedspecimens are represented in the collection (Fig. 79). This form does not

Fig. 9. AA-C. Cryptamptnrella sp. A, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, Late Turonian, SneZnicaSiltstone Member, Bw-l, Late Cenomanian, x 15O, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-7, LateTuronian, x lOO. trD. Cryptamphorella sp. B, Macelowa Marl Member, Bw-4, x IOO. OE.Crgptamphorella conara (Foreman 1968), SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-10, Early Turo-nian, x lOO. trF. Cryptamphorella sp. C, SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-lO, x 75. DG-H.Holacryptocaniumbarbui Dumitrica 197O, SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-lO, EarlyTuro-nian, x 2OO, Bw-l, Late Cenomanian, x 15O. fJl. Holocryptocanium sp., SneZnicaSiltstone

ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA (4I) I1)

Member, Bw-1O, Early Turonian, x 2OO. !,J. Holocrgptocaniumtuberculatum Dumitrica 1970,

SneZnicaSiltstone Member, Bw-1, x f 50. trK. HolocrgptocaniumgeAsersensls Pessagno 1977,

SneZnica Siltstone Member, Bw-l, x fs0. AL. Heliocryptocapsa sp., SneZnica Siltstone

Member. Bw-1. x l5O.

ro7

Cretaceous Radiolaria : BAII.

add any new information to the knowledge of the species (pessagno lgzr:O'Dogherty 1994).

xittts sp. - only one moderately-preserved specimen has been foundin the material investigated (Fig. 7P). This form has test conical andpost-abdominal chambers with rows of tubercles arranged circumferen-tially.

Conclusions

Cretaceous radiolarians are rare in the deposits of the Niedzica Successionand they are generally not well-preserved, but three short intervals ofradiolarian-rich sedimentation are distinguished. These intervals havebeen calibrated with planktonic foraminifera co-occurring with Radiolariawithin the section.

The older radiolarian 'bloom' (see Tab. l) is restricted to the latestAlbian (Vraconian) and coincides with a high increase of total silica contentas mentioned by Arthur & Premoli silva, (1982). sedimentary silica pro-tected fossil radiolarian skeletons against dissolution in alkaline environ-ment of the limestone

The next }:orizon rich in radiolarians coincides with the cenomanian--Turonian Boundary Event (see Fig. 4, Tab. I ), which is widely interpretedas a combined effect of sea-level highstand, surface productivity andcoastal upwelling (see schlanger & Jenkyns 19z6; Kuhnt at al. tgg6;Thurow r988). The youngest'bloom' (see Fig. 4,Tab. l) is late Turonian inage. All these are transgressive events that resulted in local developmentof deep-water conditions of sedimentation.

Acknowledgements

The author is most grateful to Professor J.W. Murray (University of Southampton) for readingthe manuscript and improving its English language. I am indebted to both referees, especiall!to Professor A. Schaaf for his comments which greatly improved the manuscript. My husbandKrzysztof helped me in t]le field work. SEM photographs were taken by Mrs J. Faber(Zoological Institute of Jagiellonian University). Investigations were supported by KBN grantno oo58/P2/93/05. The auttror is sponsored by Foundation for polish science.

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Streszczenie

W pracy po raz pierwszy opisano zespoly promienic wystqpuj4cych w kre-

dowych utworach sukcesji niedzickiej pienirlskiego pasa skalkowego . Roz-poznano i opisano 43 gatunki promienic w utworach od albu do koniaku'W obrqbie badanych profili wyr62niono trzy poziomy osad6w wzbo$aconychw faung promienic. Daj4 siq one korelowae z epizodami wzbogaceniaosad6w kredowych w faunE promienic na swiecie. Dokladny wiek tych

osad6w zostal .vq1:ruaczony na podstawie fauny otwornicowej.