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Creating New Optical Network Service
2012.11.13 Keio University
Professor, IEEE Fellow IEICE Fellow
Naoaki YAMANAKA
Nov. 2012 NICT Japan US Workshop
1
PON : Passive Optical Network)
ONU
ONU User A
User B
User C
ONU
• Max 1Gbps, 32 Users, 20km • Distribution and select by ONU ⇒ security problems
32Users
OLT
20km
(Optical Network Unit)
Center
(Optical Line Terminal)
Ethernet frame splitter
Today’s PON system limit by power loss
• Optical access network using a high-speed waveguide optical switch
Features • Low insertion loss of optical switch → Large-scale system
‐quadruplicate the number of users (more than 128 ONUs) ‐double the maximum transmission distance (more than 40 km)
• Establishment of secure connection between OLT and each ONU • Provision of fast fiber and OLT protection/restoration by switching.
Upstream
Downstream
WDM coupler
Optical switch
Central Office
Many users
Sync・Control
Long reach
Optical Switching Unit (OSW)
3
Active Optical access Network (ActiON)
※PLZT((Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3)
20mm
4mm
(a) Cross-mode (b) Bar-mode
PLZT Optical Switch chip States of switch element ※Switched by changing voltage
4
Key device: PLZT optical switch
【Insertion loss】 1x8 SW: 5dB
1x16 SW: 6dB
Advantage: High Speed Switching
MEMS switch (msec order) >> PLZT (less than 10nsec)
High bandwidth efficiency
5
Effect of high speed switching
PLZT switch
6 Speed
Sca
le
80x80
16x16
8x8
4x4
1x2
1ns 1ms 1us
MEMS
A社
MEMS
B社
PLC
C社
PLZT
A社
LN
D社
PLZT
Epi Photonics/Keio
PLZT
Epi Photonics/Keio
SOA
F社
InGaAs
G社
LN?
E社
1M times faster
Max completion time T
ONU#1 OLT Discovery
Gate for
ONU#1 T0 T0
SW(down) SW(up) ONU#2
Commu Channels
Gate for ONU#1 T0 T0 T4
Register Ack
T6 Register Requests
Register for ONU#1 T0
T0
T1,T2, T3,T4,T5…
Next Commu. Channel
GATE timing is T4
Register Ack passing through CC
Consecutive sending Register Requests
Next Commu. Channel
Discovery Gate for
ONU#2
T = Discovery_cycle (CC_Cycle× ONUnum)
+ 2× CC_Cycle × ONUnum
+ RTTmax
Timestamp = T4
Discovery phase of ActiON
T6
Discovery Phase
T7
7
ONUnum: Number of ONUs
Receive #4
T1 T0
T1+Δ1 T0
T1+Δ2 T0
T1+Δ3
T0
OLT ONU#1 SW(UP) Discovery Gate
Register request
Discovery Gate
Register request
Discovery Gate
Register request
Discovery Gate
Register request
Receive #4
Receive #4
Receive #3
#1 #2 #3 #4
#5
#4
#5
#3
#4
#3
#4
#5 #4
#3
− An ONU delays the timing of sending REG_REQs by 1 TQ;
Δ1(1TQ)＜Δ2(2TQ)＜Δ3(3TQ)… ※ 1TQ= 16 nsec
− It specifies the position of CC very precisely.
Executing the first part of process many times
Precision improvement
Number of iterations α • 1Gbps: Max 42 times • 10Gbps: Max 4 times
Precise Ranging Phase
Maximum completion time T T = Discovery_cycle
(CC_Cycle× ONUnum) + (α + 1)×CC_Cycle×ONUnum
+ RTTmax
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Precise Ranging Phase
Experimental result of discovery process
9 Precise ranging phase. Successful experimental result of discovery phase.
Action switch is really expensive?
11
Optical splitter : Optical fiber : ONU : OLT : PLZToptical switch = 1 : 5 : 5 : 150 : 150
OLT is expensive, if No. of user increasing, cost is reasonable.
MPLS2012 at Washington DC Showcase Network
IP/ MPLS
NEC Trema
(OFC ver1.0)
Spirent
TestCenter
KDDI NOX
(OFC ver1.0)
NEC OpenFlow
Switch (PF5240)
Juniper MX80
(OF-MPLS Hybrid)
Juniper MX80
(OF-MPLS Hybrid)
Keio Trema
(OFC ver1.0)
Domain 3
Domain 2
NEC OpenFlow MPLS-TP (P-PTN)
Hitachi MPLS-TP
Generator 3
Generator 2
KDDI OXC
NTT OXC NTT controller
(GMPLS)
Domain 4
Domain 0
Domain 1
adaptation
Hitachi MPLS-TP
Generator 1
Keio OXC
adaptation
NEC Trema
(OFC ver1.1)
Spirent
TestCenter
MPLS-TP
G4
Showcase Network (Domain 1)
•Multi-layer equipment control (MPLS-TP LSP + Optical Circuit) •MPLS-TP Switch by Hitachi (AMN6400) •Optical Switch by Keio (EpiPhotonics PLZT switch ) •OpenFlow Controller by Keio Trema (OpenFlow ver. 1.0) + bidirectional flow control extension) •OpenFlow Adapter by Keio/Hitachi (Open vSwitch + equipment control extension )
OpenFlow +optical
Domain 1
Optical dynamic wire does not require special optical technology but just wire between A to B = Optical wire
Future optical network architecture #1
14
Optical aggregation network
• Optical access network using a high-speed waveguide optical switch
Features • Low insertion loss of optical switch → Large-scale system
‐quadruplicate the number of users (more than 128 ONUs) ‐double the maximum transmission distance (more than 40 km)
• Establishment of secure connection between OLT and each ONU • Provision of fast fiber and OLT protection/restoration by switching.
Upstream
Downstream
WDM coupler
Optical switch
Central Office
Many users
Sync・Control
Long reach
Optical Switching Unit (OSW)
15
Active Optical access Network (ActiON)
Source: S. Aleksic, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 245-258, 2009.
Ref ：Didier Colle, “Energy-Efficiency in Telecommunications Networks: Link-by-Link versus End-to-End Grooming’’, 2-5, ONDM 2010, Feb. 2010.
1/500 （1000ｋＷ→2ｋＷ）
Power consumption : Optical vs Electrical
1Gb/s router×1000unit(1Tb/s) ＞ 1Tb/s router× 1unit 100kW 10kw
Source: METI, 2006, Nordman, 2007
Ref ： Rodney S. Tucker, “Optical Packet-Switched WDM Networks : a Cost and Energy Perspective”, OMG1, OFC/NFOFC 2008, March 2008.
Power consumption in Routers
users
Basic Internet structure
Internet
Data center, ISP
・・・・・ ・・・・・
：ＡＳ（Ａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）
18
■ Cloud Router is one large power scalable router with the amount of traffic proportionally . ■ Ｏｐｔｉｃａｌ Ａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎ Ｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ consists of multiplexers/de-multiplexers with optical switches and wavelength multiplexers/de-multiplexers. ■ Optical Aggregation Network transfers consumer data on optical resources ( optical slot /λ ）transparently.
Optical Aggregation
Network
multiplexer/demultiplexer with optical switch and wave length converters
Transfer user data on optical resource
Transparently
Power scalable
Optical transparent
（１hop）
・・ ・・
・・・
・・・ ・・・
・・・ ・・・
・・ ・・ ・・ ・・ ・・ ・・
Service Cloud Application Server Cloud Router
★A
★B
Proposed Optical Network Architecture for centralized data #1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000
1,000,000,000
10,000,000,000
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
Today’s Internet
Proposed Aggregation network
21
Port numbers at 1 Gb/s
Optical aggregation NW is green technology
（１０００万） （１００万）
（１００ｋＷ）
（１０ＧＷ）
（１ＧＷ）
（１００ＭＷ）
（１０ＭＷ）
（１ＭＷ）
（１０ｋＷ）
（１０万）
（１ｋＷ）
DNS server
Proxy server
DHCP server
Mail server
DMZ
WWW server
Fire Wall Data Base
Server
・・・ ・・・
Consumer IP Network
Service Cloud
Solitary universal cloud router Application
Server
アクセス網 Optical Aggregation Network
Consumer IP Network
Consumer IP Network
The Internet
User’s firewall will become SaaS service
Elastic Lambda aggregation (National project)
D.C. Mobile back hole Regidential
Business
Elastic optical aggregation NW
Programable OLT Programable OLT Programable OLT
Core network
New service Path C Path B Path A Optical freq.
Elastic optical path
Optical spectrum resource
Elastic optical access/ aggregation network Programmable OLT
Energy efficient High-reliability
。
光周波数
可変 可変 可変variable variable variable
Optical freq.
Future optical network architecture #2
25
Optical wire creates mash-up service
Ubiquitous Grid(uGrid) Networking Environment
Service
Parts uGrid Network
Service
Parts
Service
Parts
• An concept of uGrid is that “Everything” will be connected to network.
Service-Parts are defined as
Not only CPU, memory, storage
contents, display, camera
User selects the desired Service-Parts and receives the service by combining
each Service-Part.
user A
user B
user C
software, program
Optical wire
Network Service path in Service-Signaling
Virtual Cable Network service path
(Processing function)
Service-Part A Service-Part B
(Face Detection)
Service-Part C
(Image Enhancement) Service-Part D
To realize Service-Signaling, GMPLS and extended RSVP-TE protocol are used.
Conventional IP network
IP, transparent path
By extended signaling protocol
In-network processing
=Data conversion
Experimental Implementation Service-Part A
(user PC1) Service-Part B
Service-Part C
Service-Part D
Service-Part E
(user PC2)
①PATH
Message
②RESV
Message ⑤ RESV
Message
③ Running
the Program
⑥ Data
Transfer
④ Storing
the ingress
address
Switched optical wire
Huge bandwidth
Dynamic interconnect
Distributed function
Mush-up service
Flow of the experimental actions.
Optical wire Optical wire
Implementation
Display nodes and Application servers
OS Fedora8,openSuSE10.3
CPU AMD Athlon64,Pentium4
clock frequency 2.2GHz
Memory 1G
VGA nvidia GF8600GT
Machine specification
Display Node：12
Each display node supports two LCDs
Current system is set by LAN User interface
Implementation
24 tiled display
19inch (1280×1024)×24
resolution：7680×4096
prototype of scale free display system
Prototype of Scale Free display system
Inter-cloud network
31
Cloud
Cloud
Amazon
Home
Business Business Home
Cloud Cloud
Cloud Cloud Optical wire
Single cloud （Today) Inter-cloud
Company Government
Virtual Cloud realizing by inter-cloud technique
33
Conclusions
Today’s optical is huge bandwidth but only path More flexibility by switch, lambda, packet ? or elastic . Data center centric service becomes majority Data center centric architecture must be realized by optical
aggregation technique We are starting to research on elastic aggregation NW Anything include program can be service parts (object) Optical wire interconnect any service parts and can create
new service by mush up Dynamic optical interconnection will be needed.
