Created by:

Olivia Raulf

Ellie Zgoda

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

WHO

• Established by Osman I who was a leader of the Turkish slides

• They were from the Turkish tribes in western Anatolia

• The creation of the Ottoman Empire came from gradually taking over Anatolia and formed the border between Islam and Byzantine Christian

WHERE• Location:

• Centered on region of modern day Turkey

• Covers area from Hungary in the north to Aden in the south from Algeria in the west to Iranian frontier in the east.

WHERE:CHANGES OVER TIME

CHANGES IN EMPIRE

• Very diverse ethnically

• Nationalism-many groups wanting their freedom

WHEN

• Empire formed in 1299 and ended in 1923

• During 16th and 17th centuries

CREATION OF THE EMPIRE

• Sparked after the break up of the Seljuk Turk Empire

• Turks took control of other states from the former empire

• Original main goal = expansion

• included most of southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna

RISE OF THE EMPIRE

• Osman led Empire by uniting the independent states of Anatolia under one rule

• Made an established formal government

• Allowed religious tolerance over his people

FACTORS OF RISE

• Osman and his troops took control to the city of Bursa in northwest Turkey

Bursa is made into the capital of the Ottoman Empire

Osman died as soon as land was declared

• Extends the Empire from the Danube River in Bulgaria to the Euphrates River in the east in 1400

• Sovereignty expanded under Selim I

KEY INFORMATION

• One of the largest empires to rule the borders of the Mediterranean Sea.

• Began as one of many small Turkish states

• Emerged into Asia Minor

• Empire was dynastic

• Territories and character owed little to national, ethnic or religious boundaries

• Attempted to bring territory to Islamic fold.

CONQUERING• Took over Constantinople in 1453.

• Renamed Istanbul

• Began expansion

• Mehmed II lays siege to the Byzantine

• Emerged as a political and economic power following the conquest of Constantinople.

• Brought much of Muslim territory in Southwest Asia and North Africa under their rule.

KEY INFORMATION

• Mehmed II rules for thirty years.

• Istanbul becomes a political, cultural, and economic center.

• Mosques, marketplaces, roads, inns, and baths are built.

• Empire was reunited by Muhammad I

• Ottomans changed from a nomadic horde to the heirs of the most ancient surviving empire of Europe.

• Army comprised of Christians

RELIGION

• Founded on the principles of Islam

• United by Islamic beliefs

• Churches were mosques

• Acceptance of other religions, especially Christians and Jews

• Encouraged loyalty from other religious faith groups

• Mosque

RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBORS

• 18th century involvement in European affairs

• Succession of wars with Russia

• Constant adjustment to frontier with Austria in the Balkans

• In 1798, Napoleon invades Egypt as indirect method of harming British imposing interests.

• Conquered most of surrounding neighbors

RELATIONS WITH EUROPEANS

• Crucial part of the European states system and actively played a role in their affairs

• Ruled large parts of eastern and southern Europe

• Important antagonist or ally of all the European powers

• A major trading partner for European societies.

• Ottoman Turks-

• Contributed to the military revolution

• European armies learned how to defend and defeat superior numbers and, forged ahead of their eastern rivals.

• Turks played an important part in shaping European history. 

SIGNIFICANCE

• One of the largest, long lasting, and most successful empires in history.

• Why successful:

• Strong and organized military

• Centralized political structure

• Ottoman infrastructure- roads/bridges

SIGNIFICANCE OF EMPIRE

• Destroyed the Byzantine Empire

• Ottoman Empire- known for its extensive Islamic influence

• Ottoman legacy was important

• Men educated

• Brought up ideas of reform movement

who ran affairs of Turkish Republic.

AGE OF EXPLORATION• Nothing was more Earth shattering to the Europeans than the discovery of

the New World and the Americans that populated it.

• Europeans did not take over the Ottoman Empire

• It was too big and powerful

• Americans got in the way of the Ottomans; Europeans did not

• Ottomans depended on European for:

• Sources and maps

• Distinction between Muslim and Ottoman lands

• The similar characteristics during the Age of Exploration

• The Europeans would not conquer the Ottomans since they relied on them.

• Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453

• Helped trade routes become shut down

DECLINE OF EMPIRE

• Began to face economic competition from India and Europe

• Failed to compete with foreign competition and trading

• Internal corruption and lack of leadership

• Ineffective rulers followed after Suleiman

• Continued until it was finally abolished

• Country declared a republic in 1923

EFFECTS OF DECLINE

• Major problem was military defeats

• Not prepared to face other countries

• Russo-Turkish War and Crimean War

• Lost territory through rebellions

• Officially came to an end with the Treaty of Sevres, after WWI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• http://geography.about.com/od/historyofgeography/a/The-Ottoman-Empire.htm

• http://www.historytoday.com/geoffrey-woodward/ottomans-europe

• http://www.ottomansouvenir.com/more_on_ottoman_empire.htm

• Textbook

• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/434996/Ottoman-Empire

ANY QUESTIONS?