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PIERDERI TEHNOLOGICE N REEAUA DE TRANSPORT
TECHNOLOGICAL POWER LOSSES IN TRANSMISSION NETWORK
Alexandru VASILIEVICITechnical University Timioara, Romania
Str V. Parvan nr 1 cod 1900 Timisoara, [email protected]
Constantin POSOIUTranselectrica S.A. Marketing Division
Carmen STNESCUTranselectrica S.A. OMEPA Branch
Dorel STNESCUSDFEE Sibiu
Bd. Coposu, nr. 3, Sibiu 2400 , Tel 0269 210928 , Fax 0269
210928, [email protected]
Rezumat: In cadrul CNTEE Transelectrica SA Sucursala
OMEPAstabilete schimburile de energie electric tranzitat pe piaa
angroi ntre Sucursalele de Transport din cadrul Companiei,
pentruacestea calculnd i consumul propriu tehnologic. Lucrarea
prezint,pentru fiecare Sucursala de Transport, contururile
energetice,harta digitla a reelei de transport precum i baza de
date tehnice,metrologice si de mentenan, pentru echipamentele din
sistemulde msurare al energiei electrice, integrate n aceeai
structurde pagini WEB. De asemenea, se prezint pentru anul
2002schimbul de energie electric activa i a consumului
propriutehnologic la nivelul ntregii reele de transport a Romnieii
pentru fiecare Sucursala de Transport.
Abstract: OMEPA Branch is part of CNTEE Transelectrica
SAorganization and its task is to establish energy flow on
wholesalemarket and between subsidiaries inside the company and
energyloses for each of them. This paper present, for each
subsidiary,a WEB representation of energy transfer boundaries,
digitalmaps and metering equipment technical database. Next
sectioncontains statistical data about energy flow and power losses
intransmission network in 2002.
1. IntroducereSucursala OMEPA este Operatorul sistemului de
tele-
msurare al C.N. TRANSELECTRICA S.A, avand caprincipal obiect de
activitate efectuarea de servicii demsurare a energiilor electrice
tranzitate prin punctele demsur de pe piaa angro si alte puncte de
interes pentruTRANSELECTRICA.
Pentru ndeplinirea acestei sarcini trebuie s fie procesatun numr
foarte mare de date provenite din surse diferite(Fig. 1). Pentru
accesarea rapid a informaiilor este necesarca datele s fie stocate
ntr-o structur coerent. n acestscop am dezvoltat o interfa grafic
care utilizeaz casuport tehnologia Internet.
Conturul energetic al unei sucursale este alctuit
dinparticipanii la schimbul de energie grupai pe nivele detensiune
i punctele de schimb aferente, n care se msoarefectiv energia
tranzitat. Punctele de schimb au o impor-tan deosebit pentru
determinarea cantitii de energieelectric primit i cedat la ceilali
participani pe piaaangro de energie electric. n Tabelul 1 se
prezint o situaiesintetic a punctelor de schimb.
O parte dintre partenerii de schimb pot fi uor evideniaicu
ajutorul harilor geografice (Fig. 3.). Aceast reprezentarenu
evideniaz ns toate punctele de schimb.
n lucrarea de fa propunem o reprezentare grafic aconturului
energetic pentru a organiza i clarifica situaiacurent pentru
fiecare sucursal.
Reprezentarea exemplificat n figura 4 este util ipentru
determinarea relaiilor dintre participani precum ipoziia fiecruia
pe pia. Ea conine toate punctele deschimb dintre sucursale i
celelalte entiti, grupate pestaii de transformare i nivele de
tensiune.
1. IntroductionMetering Branch OMEPA main task is to
accurate
measure the energy flow between participants in wholesalemarket
of electricity. Because OMEPA is a part inTranselectrica
organizational structure it inherits themetering task from the
Transmission Subsidiaries.
To achieve this goal is necessary to process a largeamount of
information from different sources as shown inFig. 1. In order to
have quick aces to relevant data weneeded to embed all types of
information in a coherentstructure. The solution presented in this
paper shows agraphical interface developed for Internet Explorer
intendedto solve this problem.
Energy transfer boundary for one subsidiary containsthe
participants, voltage levels and exchange meteringpoints where the
actual measuring of energy takes place.Exchange metering points are
very important to determinethe quantity of electric energy received
from or deliveredto other participants in the wholesale electricity
market. Asynthesis of exchange metering points is presented in
Table1.
For a subsidiary some exchange partners can be easilylocated
using geographical maps (Fig. 3).
Still, this type of representation cannot reveal allexchange
metering points.
This paper proposes a graphic representation for energytransfer
boundaries in order to organize and clarify thecurrent situation
for each subsidiary.
This representation (figure 4) is also very useful todetermine
the relations with other participants and marketposition for each
of them. It contains all exchange pointsbetween subsidiary and
other entities grouped accordingto substations site and voltage
levels.
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The 5th International Power Systems Conference554
2. Baza de date pentru echipamenteLanul de msurare pentru
fiecare punct de schimb con-
ine transformatoare de masurare de tensiune, transforma-toare de
masurare de curent i contoare. Baza de dateasociat acestor
echipamente conine :
Caracteristicile tehnice necesare pentru msurarea corecta
valorii energiei tranzitate, conform cu cerinele legislaiein
vigoare implementate de ctre ANRE (AutoritateaNaional de
Reglementare n domeniul Energiei) Cerinele prevzute de legislaia n
domeniul metrologieiimplementate de BRML (Biroul Romn de
metrologieLegal)Cerinele privind mentenana echipamentelor,
implemen-
tate de TRANSELECTRICA
2. Equipment data baseIn each exchange point we will find
several measurement
groups consisting of voltage transformers, current trans-formers
and, of course, meters. For these equipments database contains:
Technical characteristics required for exact measurementof
energy flow values according to legislation imple-mented by ANRE
(National Authority for EnergyReglementations) Metrological
requirements according to legislationimplemented by BRML (Romanian
Bureau of LegalMetrology)Maintenance procedures according to
legislation imple-
mented by TRANSELECTRICA
3. Structura paginilor WEB Dup completarea reprezentrilor
grafice pentru fiecare
sucursal acestea au fost exportate ntr-un format compatibilHTML
pentru a asigura accesul rapid la informaie. Prinintermediul
legturilor se pot accesa pagini ce conin hriledigitale ale reelei
de transport i pagini dedicate rapoartelorprivind calculul CPT.
Pentru fiecare punct de schimb suntdisponibile informaii despre
caracteristicile tehnice aleechipamentelor de msurare. Aceast
structur de paginiHTML este foarte util pentru localizarea rapid a
infor-maiilor privind piaa angro de energie electric.
3. WEB structureAfter the completion of the graphic
representation for
each subsidiary we integrated them into a HTML basedstructure in
order to provide a quick access to information.Hotlinks provide
connection to geographical maps oftransmission network and to pages
dedicated to energyloses reports. For each transfer point are
available technicalinformation about metering equipments. The WEB
structureis very useful to quickly locate complete information
aboutwholesale electricity market.
4. Calculul pierderilor tehnologiceTransportul energiei
electrice, ca orice proces fizic,
implic un consum de energie aferent unor conversii
termo-dinamice ireversibile. In exploatarea reelelor
electriceconsumul propriu tehnologic n transport reprezint
unindicator care reflect condiiile de funcionare ale
reelei,determinant pentru eficiena economic a procesului
detransport a energiei electrice.
Transferul de energie prin conturul sucursalelor deter-min
consumul de energie necesar funcionrii reelei detransport. Astfel
se poate determina nivelul de performanal reelei i al grupurilor de
msurare n scopul mbuntiriiactivitii de mentenan. Pentru ST Sibiu se
determinlunar transferul de energie i pierderile tehnologice
pentrufiecare staie de transformare, component a reelei detransport
conform foilor de calcul exemplificate n Fig. 16.
Rezultatele sunt apoi publicate n format HTML iintroduse n
structura de pagini HTML descris.
Aceast aplicaie flexibil va fi adaptat n viitor pentrua ntruni
cerinele Proiectului de Reabilitare i Modernizare aSistemului
Transport-Dispecer pentru piaa angro de energie.
4. Energy Loses CalculationElectric energy transmission implies,
like any other
physical phenomenon, a energy consumption due toirreversible
thermodynamic conversion. Internal energyloses are an important
indication of technical condition oftransmission network and
determine economical eficiencyof transmission process.
The energy flow over the boundaries of subsidiarydetermines the
energy used in operation by the high voltagenetwork. With this
amount we can calculate the performancefor network and measurement
group, which is a real helpfor our maintenance. In the ST Sibiu
boundaries we cansee for each substation the energy flow and loses
during amonth, on each component of high voltage network, likein
figure 16.
This flexible aplication will be adapted to mach therequirements
of Roumanian Project Rehabilitation andModernisation of the
Transmission Dispatch Systems -Wholesale Market Metering System
.
Tabelul 1. Participanii pe piaa de energie angroTable1.
Participants on the wholesale market
Exchange metering pointsParticipants Parteners750kV 400kV 220kV
110kV MV LV
TRANSELECTRICA 8 16 18ELECTRICA 39 1 117 167 3
TERMOELECTRICA 10 12 27 6HIDROELECTRICA 5 14 1
NUCLEARELECTRICA 1 3 4RET CONSUMMERS 5 9 1 2INTERCONEXIONS 8 1 6
1 8
TOTAL 76 1 37 70 133 171 5
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06-07.11.2003, Timioara, Romania 555
Fig. 1. Participanii la piaa angro de energieelectric
Fig. 1. Wholesale market participants
Fig. 2. Structura paginilorHTML
Fig. 2. WEB structure
Fig. 3. Harta reelei de transport ale ST SibiuFig. 3. Digital
map of ST Sibiu transmission network
Fig. 4. Conturul energetic pentru ST SibiuFig. 4. ST Sibiu
energy transfer boundary
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The 5th International Power Systems Conference556
Fig. 5. Date tehnice ale echipamentelorde msur
Fig. 5. Metering equipment data base
Fig. 6. Fluxul de energie electric la nivelulTranselectrica
Fig. 6. Transelectricas energy flow
* Din care 857.677 MWh pentru consumatoriieligibili.
** Din care 1.785.238 MWh pentru consumatoriieligibili.
0 10,000,000 20,000,000 30,000,000 40,000,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET Romania in 2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RETConsum
RED
En primita in conturul RET Romania in 2002
45%
11%
22%
15%
1% 6%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RET Romania in 2002
0%0%0%0% 9%
84%
7%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 7. Sinteza schimbuluide energie n anul 2002 lanivelul
reelei de transportFig. 7. Charts referring to
energy transfer intransmission network for
2002
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06-07.11.2003, Timioara, Romania 557
0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET ST Bacau in 2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
En primita in conturul RET ST Bacau in 2002
74%0%
0%
0%
0%
26%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RETST Bacau in 2002
0%0%0%0%0%
100%
0%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 8. Sinteza schimbului de energie n 2002 la nivelul ST
BacuFig. 8. Charts referring to energy transfer in ST Bacu for
2002
0 5,000,000 10,000,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET ST Bucuresti in
2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
En primita in conturul RET ST Bucuresti in 2002
85%
0%
0%
0%
0%
15%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RETST Bucuresti in 2002
0%0%0%0%0%
97%
3%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 9. Sinteza schimbului de energie n 2002 la nivelul ST
BucuretiFig. 9. Charts referring to energy transfer n ST Bucureti
for 2002
0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET ST Cluj in 2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
En primita in conturul RET ST Cluj in 2002
0%0%
96%
0%0%4%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RETST Cluj in 2002
0%0%0%0%0%
95%
5%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 10. Sinteza schimbului de energie n 2002 la nivelul ST
ClujFig. 10. Charts referring to energy transfer in ST Cluj for
2002
0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000
7,000,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET ST Constanta in
2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
En primita in conturul RET ST Constanta in 2002
12% 0%
0%
84%
2%
2%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RETST Constanta in 2002
0%0%0%0% 10%
90%
0%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 11. Sinteza schimbului de energie n 2002 la nivelul ST
ConstanaFig. 11. Charts referring to energy transfer in ST Constana
for 2002
0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET ST Craiova in
2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
En primita in conturul RET ST Craiova in 2002
61%
0%
31%
0%
1%7%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RETST Craiova in 2002
0%0%0%0%
70%
30%
0%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 12. Sinteza schimbului de energie n 2002 la nivelul ST
CraiovaFig. 12. Charts referring to energy transfer in ST Craiova
for 2002
0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET ST Pitesti in
2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
En primita in conturul RET ST Pitesti in 2002
0%0%5% 0%0%
95%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RETST Pitesti in 2002
0%0%0%0%0%
59%
41%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 13. Sinteza schimbului de energie n 2002 la nivelul ST
PitetiFig. 13. Charts referring to energy transfer in ST Piteti for
2002
0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET ST Sibiu in 2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
En primita in conturul RET ST Sibiu in 2002
86%
0%
14%0%0%0%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RETST Sibiu in 2002
0%0%0%0%0%
100%
0%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 14. Sinteza schimbului de energie n 2002 la nivelul ST
SibiuFig. 14. Charts referring to energy transfer in ST Sibiu for
2002
0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000
En. primita
En. cedata
CPT
Energia electrica activa prin conturul RET ST Timisoara in
2002
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
En primita in conturul RET ST T imisoara in 2002
0%
89%
6%0%4% 1%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniRED
En cedata din conturul RETST Timisoara in 2002
0%0%0%0%0%
100%
0%
TermoelEl DevaHidroelNuclearelInterconexiuniREDVanzare RET
Fig. 15. Sinteza schimbului de energie n 2002 la nivelul ST
TimioaraFig. 15. Charts referring to energy transfer in ST Timioara
for 2002
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The 5th International Power Systems Conference558
Fig. 16. Calculul CPT pentru staia de transformare
400/220/110/20 kV Sibiu SudFig. 16. Spreadsheet used for energy
loses determination in Sibiu Sud 400/220/110/20 substation
4. Calculul pierderilor tehnologiceTransportul energiei
electrice, ca orice proces fizic,
implic un consum de energie aferent unor conversii
termo-dinamice ireversibile. In exploatarea reelelor
electriceconsumul propriu tehnologic n transport reprezint
unindicator care reflect condiiile de funcionare ale
reelei,determinant pentru eficiena economic a procesului
detransport a energiei electrice.
Transferul de energie prin conturul sucursalelor deter-min
consumul de energie necesar funcionrii reelei detransport. Astfel
se poate determina nivelul de performanal reelei i al grupurilor de
msurare n scopul mbuntiriiactivitii de mentenan. Pentru ST Sibiu se
determinlunar transferul de energie i pierderile tehnologice
pentrufiecare staie de transformare, component a reelei detransport
conform foilor de calcul exemplificate n Fig. 16.
Rezultatele sunt apoi publicate n format HTML iintroduse n
structura de pagini HTML descris.
Aceast aplicaie flexibil va fi adaptat n viitor pentrua ntruni
cerinele Proiectului de Reabilitare i Modernizare aSistemului
Transport-Dispecer pentru piaa angro de energie.
4. Energy Loses CalculationElectric energy transmission implies,
like any other
physical phenomenon, a energy consumption due toirreversible
thermodynamic conversion. Internal energyloses are an important
indication of technical condition oftransmission network and
determine economical eficiencyof transmission process.
The energy flow over the boundaries of subsidiarydetermines the
energy used in operation by the high voltagenetwork. With this
amount we can calculate the performancefor network and measurement
group, which is a real helpfor our maintenance. In the ST Sibiu
boundaries we cansee for each substation the energy flow and loses
during amonth, on each component of high voltage network, likein
figure 16.
This flexible aplication will be adapted to mach therequirements
of Roumanian Project Rehabilitation andModernisation of the
Transmission Dispatch Systems -Wholesale Market Metering System
.
Bibliografie (References)1. **** ANRE 22.2.130.01.05/07/99,
Codul Comercial al pieei de energie electric(Comercial Code of
electric wholesale market)2. **** ANRE 22/06/02, Codul de masurare
a energiei electrice(Electric energy metering Code)3. **** C.N.
Transelectrica SA -Sucursala OMEPA-Procedura Operationala-
Stabilirea i raportarea schimburilor de energie
electric activ intre reeaua de transport i participanii la piaa
-cod : OMEPA-002 (Operational Procedure Determinationand report of
electric energy transfer between transmission network and market
participants)
4. **** P.E. 139/97- Instruciunea privind determinarea CPT n
reelele electrice (Instructions for determination of
transmissionnetwork energy loses)
