Courtyard by Marriott - Pennsylvania State University · Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Proposal Structural System Redesign Combination of masonry shear

Lancaster, PALancaster, PACourtyard by MarriottCourtyard by Marriott

Danielle Shetler Danielle Shetler -- Structural OptionStructural OptionSenior Thesis Senior Thesis -- Spring 2005Spring 2005

Danielle Shetler Danielle Shetler Structural optionStructural option

Courtyard by MarriottCourtyard by MarriottLancaster, PALancaster, PA

Senior ThesisSenior ThesisSpring 2005Spring 2005

Presentation OutlinePresentation OutlineBackgroundBackgroundExisting Structural ConditionsExisting Structural ConditionsProposalProposalStructural RedesignStructural RedesignLEED Study LEED Study Cost ComparisonCost ComparisonConclusions/RecommendationsConclusions/Recommendations




BackgroundBackgroundProject TeamProject Team

Baker, Ingram & AssociatesBaker, Ingram & Associates –– Structural Structural EngineerEngineerBarton Associates, IncBarton Associates, Inc ––Mechanical/Electrical EngineerMechanical/Electrical EngineerHigh Construction CompanyHigh Construction Company –– DesignDesign--BuilderBuilderHigh Hotels, LTDHigh Hotels, LTD –– OwnerOwnerGreenfield Architects, LTDGreenfield Architects, LTD -- ArchitectArchitect




BackgroundBackground

LocationLocationGreenfield Greenfield Corporate Center Corporate Center –– Lancaster, PALancaster, PA

Courtyard by Marriott

Project North




BackgroundBackground5 Story Hotel5 Story Hotel

133 Guest Rooms133 Guest Rooms83,821 Square Feet83,821 Square FeetConstruction DatesConstruction Dates

Start Date Start Date –– July 12, 2004July 12, 2004Completion Date Completion Date –– June 30, 2005June 30, 2005

Project Delivery Method Project Delivery Method –– Design BuildDesign BuildTotal Cost = $9,550,000Total Cost = $9,550,000








Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural ConditionsBuilding Length = 253Building Length = 253’’--1010””Largest Width = 74Largest Width = 74’’--99””Building foot print with typical bay Building foot print with typical bay –– 2828’’ spanspan




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural ConditionsExisting Structural SystemExisting Structural System

FoundationFoundationSpread footings (31) Spread footings (31) –– various sizes various sizes 44”” & 6& 6”” Slab on GradeSlab on Grade

Floor SystemFloor System88”” prepre--cast hollow core plank cast hollow core plank –– span east/west directionspan east/west direction

GravityGravity88”” reinforced masonry shear wallsreinforced masonry shear walls

LateralLateralMoment framesMoment frames




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural Conditions11stst Floor Floor –– lobby area, conference room, lobby area, conference room, pool, restaurant, kitchenpool, restaurant, kitchen

Exterior Wall: 8Exterior Wall: 8”” reinforced load bearing ivany reinforced load bearing ivany blockblockInterior: Steel columns Interior: Steel columns –– do not follow griddo not follow grid

22ndnd Floor Floor –– guest roomsguest roomsFramed with large steel beams Framed with large steel beams

W 36x393, W 36x300, W 36x230, W 27x84W 36x393, W 36x300, W 36x230, W 27x84

Moment connections Moment connections -- centralcentralnorth/south & east/west directionsnorth/south & east/west directions




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural Conditions2 typical bays 2 typical bays –– 22ndnd floorfloor




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural Conditions33rdrd, 4, 4thth & 5& 5thth

Floors Floors –– guest guest roomsrooms

88”” reinforced reinforced masonry shear masonry shear wallswalls

Typical bay Typical bay –– 33rdrd, 4, 4thth

& 5& 5thth floorsfloors




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural ConditionsTypical shear wall layout Typical shear wall layout




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural ConditionsExisting Building Existing Building SectionSection

Total building Height = Total building Height = 5252’’1st floor height = 121st floor height = 12’’--88””22ndnd, 3, 3rdrd & 4& 4thth floor floor heights (each) = 10heights (each) = 10’’55thth floor height = 9floor height = 9’’--44””




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural ConditionsLateral LoadsLateral Loads

Wind Loads (N/S Direction)Wind Loads (N/S Direction)




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural ConditionsSeismic Loads (N/S & E/W Directions)Seismic Loads (N/S & E/W Directions)R = 3.5R = 3.5




Existing Structural ConditionsExisting Structural ConditionsGravity LoadsGravity Loads

Dead LoadsDead Loads88”” PrePre--cast Planks = 65 psfcast Planks = 65 psf88”” CMU = 32 psfCMU = 32 psfStructural Steel = 5 psfStructural Steel = 5 psfMetal Deck = 2 psfMetal Deck = 2 psfRoofing Materials = 7 psfRoofing Materials = 7 psfMEP, Misc = 10 psfMEP, Misc = 10 psfTotal = 121 psfTotal = 121 psf

Live LoadsLive LoadsCorridor/Guest Rooms = 40 psfCorridor/Guest Rooms = 40 psfMechanical Rooms = 150 psfMechanical Rooms = 150 psfStairs = 100 psfStairs = 100 psf

Wall LoadsWall Loads88”” CMU + E.I.F.S. = 47 psfCMU + E.I.F.S. = 47 psf








ProposalProposalStructural System RedesignStructural System Redesign

Combination of masonry shear walls and steel Combination of masonry shear walls and steel floor framing to staggered truss systemfloor framing to staggered truss systemChange roof from sloped to flat Change roof from sloped to flat -- green roofgreen roof

Design CriteriaDesign CriteriaCode requirements for IBC 2003Code requirements for IBC 2003Maintain large open area on 1Maintain large open area on 1stst floorfloorMaintain low floorMaintain low floor--toto--floor heightfloor heightProvide feasible & cost effective designProvide feasible & cost effective design




ProposalProposalWhy staggered truss system?Why staggered truss system?

Provides large column free open space on first floorProvides large column free open space on first floorProvides an open floor layout for hotel rooms on Provides an open floor layout for hotel rooms on upper floorsupper floorsProvide low floorProvide low floor--toto--floor heightfloor heightHighly efficient for resistance to lateral loads caused Highly efficient for resistance to lateral loads caused by wind and earthquakeby wind and earthquakeFast and easy construction (especially useful during Fast and easy construction (especially useful during winter construction)winter construction)Light systemLight system








Structural RedesignStructural RedesignStaggered Truss System Staggered Truss System

Trusses Trusses Transverse directionTransverse directionStory high trussesStory high trussesLocated in demising walls between guests roomsLocated in demising walls between guests roomsPlaced on alternating column lines Placed on alternating column lines –– staggering between floorsstaggering between floors

Moment frames Moment frames Longitudinal directionLongitudinal direction

88”” prepre--cast hollow core plank floor systemcast hollow core plank floor systemConnected to truss chords with weld plates & groutedConnected to truss chords with weld plates & groutedTransfers load to trussesTransfers load to trusses

Spread footingsSpread footingsAISC Design Guide 14AISC Design Guide 14ETABSETABS

Slope roof Slope roof Flat roofFlat roof88”” prepre--cast hollow core plankcast hollow core plank




Structural RedesignStructural RedesignNew Building LayoutNew Building Layout

252252’’ x 74x 74’’Truss spacing Truss spacing –– 2828’’Truss span Truss span –– 7474’’11stst floor height floor height –– 1313’’All other floorAll other floor--toto--floor heights floor heights –– 1010’’




Structural RedesignStructural Redesign

Typical section with staggered truss systemTypical section with staggered truss system

Odd StoryOdd Story Even StoryEven Story




Structural RedesignStructural Redesign




Structural RedesignStructural RedesignTypical TrussTypical Truss

Vertical & diagonal members Vertical & diagonal members –– 66”” tube sectionstube sectionsChords Chords –– W 10W 10’’ssColumns Columns –– W 12W 12’’ss

Vierendeel PanelVierendeel PanelWeb Members Web Members –– HSS shapeHSS shape

Chord members Chord members –– W shapeW shape




Structural RedesignStructural RedesignLateral LoadsLateral Loads

Wind Loads (N/S Direction)Wind Loads (N/S Direction)




Structural RedesignStructural RedesignSeismic Loads (N/S & E/W Directions)Seismic Loads (N/S & E/W Directions)R = 3.0R = 3.0




Structural RedesignStructural RedesignGravity LoadsGravity Loads

Dead LoadsDead Loads88”” PrePre--cast Planks = 65 psfcast Planks = 65 psfLeveling Compound = 5 psfLeveling Compound = 5 psfStructural Steel = 5 psfStructural Steel = 5 psfGreen Roof Material = 25 psfGreen Roof Material = 25 psfPartitions = 12 psfPartitions = 12 psfMEP, Misc = 10 psfMEP, Misc = 10 psfTotal = 122 psfTotal = 122 psf

Live LoadsLive LoadsCorridor/Guest Rooms = 40 psfCorridor/Guest Rooms = 40 psfMechanical Rooms = 150 psfMechanical Rooms = 150 psfStairs = 100 psfStairs = 100 psf

Wall LoadsWall Loads23 psf23 psf




Structural RedesignStructural RedesignLoad Combinations Load Combinations –– IBC 2003IBC 2003

1.4D1.4D1.2D + 1.6L1.2D + 1.6L1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L0.9D + (1.0E or 1.6W)0.9D + (1.0E or 1.6W)




Structural RedesignStructural RedesignResults of designResults of design

88”” prepre--cast hollow core plankcast hollow core plankTruss web members (vertical & diagonal)Truss web members (vertical & diagonal)

HSS 10 x 6HSS 10 x 6

Truss chord membersTruss chord membersRange W 10 x 33 to W 10 x 112Range W 10 x 33 to W 10 x 112

ColumnsColumnsW 12 x 96, W 12 x 106, W 14 x 132W 12 x 96, W 12 x 106, W 14 x 132

FoundationFoundationFewer spread footings (20) Fewer spread footings (20) –– possible size reductionpossible size reductionPossibility of using 2 long strip footingsPossibility of using 2 long strip footings








LEED StudyLEED StudyGreen Roof ImplementationGreen Roof Implementation

Change roof from slope to flatChange roof from slope to flatPrePre--cast planks replace cold formed trussescast planks replace cold formed trussesAdd vegetated roof to 85% of entire roof area Add vegetated roof to 85% of entire roof area (15,850 Square Feet)(15,850 Square Feet)

LEED creditLEED credit1 point1 pointCriteria Criteria –– cover at least 50% of entire roof cover at least 50% of entire roof areaarea




LEED StudyLEED Study

Section of green roof materialSection of green roof material

Waterproof Membrane/Insulation

Plant MediaVegetation/Plants

Roof Structure

Drainage Layer & Filter




LEED StudyLEED StudyAdvantagesAdvantages

Lengthens roof life by 2 or 3 timesLengthens roof life by 2 or 3 timesLowers noise levelsLowers noise levelsReduces immediate storm water runReduces immediate storm water run--offoffReduces building cooling & heating cost Reduces building cooling & heating cost Absorbs carbon dioxide & creates oxygenAbsorbs carbon dioxide & creates oxygenAesthetically pleasingAesthetically pleasingLEED creditLEED credit








Cost ComparisonCost ComparisonStructural SystemStructural System

ExistingExisting$1,423,584$1,423,584

New System New System $1,003,043$1,003,043

Savings:$420,541Savings:$420,541(30%)(30%)








Conclusions/RecommendationsConclusions/RecommendationsStaggered TrussStaggered Truss

Very efficient systemVery efficient systemCost effectiveCost effectiveLight WeightLight WeightProvides needed open spaceProvides needed open spaceMarriott StandardsMarriott Standards

Change in strict architectureChange in strict architectureEfficiency of room size Efficiency of room size –– restricted percentagerestricted percentage

Small buildingSmall buildingGreen RoofGreen Roof

Advantageous to buildingAdvantageous to buildingCost effectiveCost effectiveFeasible for this buildingFeasible for this building




Thank You!!Thank You!!Kathy Hauser Kathy Hauser –– Baker, Ingram & Baker, Ingram & AssociatesAssociatesFrank McCabe Frank McCabe –– High HotelsHigh HotelsJeff Sterner Jeff Sterner –– High ConstructionHigh ConstructionGreenfield ArchitectsGreenfield ArchitectsAE FacultyAE FacultyMy Friends & FamilyMy Friends & Family




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Courtyard by Marriott - Pennsylvania State University · Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Proposal Structural System Redesign Combination of masonry shear