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Country legislation and WHO’s Air Quality Guidelines
Prof. Nino Künzli, MD, PhD Deputy-Director Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel (SwissTPH)
Dean of the Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) of the Universities Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lausanne; Lucerne, Neuchatel, USI Lugano & Zürich
Plenary Session IX: Cleaning the world’s air – governance, economic
incentives and health sector leadership 1.11.2018 – 14:30-16:00
Swiss TPH is an independent institute, associated with University of Basel
Federal Councillor Doris Leuthard
Federal Commission on Air Hygiene (FCAH)
Prof. Nino Künzli, President Beat Achermann Dr. Christof Ammann Prof. Urs Baltensperger Dr. Sabine Braun Dr. Brigitte Buchmann Prof. Alexandre Flückiger Prof. Marianne Geiser Kamber Dr. Hans Gygax Dr. Pierre Kunz Dr. Michael Matthes Dr. Gerrit Nejedly Dr. Luca Colombo Prof. Nicole Probst-Hensch PD Dr. Eva Schüpbach Dr. Brigitte Gälli Purghart
(Secretariat)
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Swiss clean air experts from all 26 counties, from cities, and the federal authorities
PM2.5 standard: 10µgm³ (annual mean)
Limit value PM10
Trends in PM10 at Swiss monitoring stations
1986 – 2017
µg/m³
Trends in gross domestic product (GDP), traffic use, and NOx emissions, Switzerland, 1990 - 2010
1990 2010
70‘000
3
GDP in Mio $
Adapted from Künzli, Ragettli & Röölis, Env H Perspect 2013
10‘000
30‘000
NOx (tons / yr)
Global annual mean limit values for PM2.5 and/or PM10 Kutlar et al, IJPH 2017
See web site
% of countries with standards for at least ONE pollutant European Region 94% South-East Asia 64% Region of Americas 57% Eastern Med. Region 52% Western Pacific 44% African Region 36% Total 60%
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Inequity in fuel quality standards (sulphur content of diesel): «Dirty Diesel» - An investigation of PublicEye (Swiss NGO)
National standards for max. sulphur-content in diesel fuel
Allowed sulfur content in diesel fuel • Europe <10 ppm • African countries: 1’000-3’000 ppm • GHANA implemented 50ppm after the report got published)
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3780 3780
Swiss traders blend the «poorest possible diesel quality» for African countries with lax sulfur regulations
(called «African Quality»)
Diesel fuel at African gas stations up to 630 times more sulphur than at Swiss stations!
Trends in annual PM2.5 concentrations in regions with good and with poor policies - 1990 – 2015 (for country trends: see Brauer et al ES&T2016)
1990
30
20
10
40
50
2015
with adoption of clean air policies
poor clean air policies
Thank you – [email protected]
Int J Pub Health, 2017 (open access)
WHO Air Quality Guideline Value
