COUNTRY REPORT · certification. Throughout the production process, the manufacturer of each batch of forest reproductive material is obliged to ensure its identity and identification

COUNTRY

REPORT

APRIL 2016

Activities Related to Poplar and Willow

Cultivation and Utilization during the

Period 2012 - 2015

NATIONAL POPLAR AND WILLOW COMMISSION

Bucharest, Sector 2,

Petricani Street, No. 9A, Postal Code: 023841 Tel +4 021 317 10 05

Fax +4 021 316 84 28

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................. 1

Sectoral Legislation ................................................................................................... 1

Public Policies and Financing Instruments ............................................................... 2

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION .............................................................................. 3

1. Identification, Registration and Varietal Control .................................................. 3

2. Production Systems and Cultivation ..................................................................... 4

3. Genetics, Conservation and Improvement .......................................................... 12

4. Forest Protection .................................................................................................. 13

5. Harvesting and Utilization................................................................................... 15

6. Environmental Applications ................................................................................ 16

III. GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................... 17

1. Administration and Operation of the National Poplar Commission or equivalent

Organization ............................................................................................................ 17

2. Literature ............................................................................................................. 18

3. Relations with other countries ............................................................................. 18

4. Innovations not included in other sections .......................................................... 18

IV. SUMMARY STATISTICS (Questionnaire) ......................................................... 19

I. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Page 1


Sectoral Legislation

In Romania, the forestry sector is an extremely developed area of interest, with

economic, social and environmental implications. The surface of the national forest

fund as at 31/12/2014 covered an area of 6.54 million hectares, of which there were

6.38 million hectares actually occupied by forest, the difference being represented by

other uses (Source – National Institute of Statistics, http://www.insse.ro/).

Cultivation and utilisation of wood from poplar and willow species is subscribed to

the sectoral regulatory general framework. Management of areas comprised in the

national forest fund is based on laws, government decisions, orders of the appropriate

authority, instructions, technical recommendations etc., of which the most relevant are

the following:

a) Law no. 46/2008 – Forest Code – comprises basic regulations regarding the

management of the forest fund, forest planning, biodiversity conservation,

regeneration and care of forests, guarding and protection of the forest fund, fire

prevention and extinction, wood exploitation, scientific research, liabilities and

sanctions;

b) Law no. 107/2011 on the Marketing of forest reproductive materials;

c) Decision no. 924/2015 for the approval of the Regulation to capitalize wood mass

from the public property forest fund

d) Decision no. 470/2014 for the approval of Rules on the provenance, movement and

marketing of wood materials, at the regime of warehouse of wood materials and of

installations to process roundwood, as well as of measures to apply the (EU)

Regulation no. 995/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October

2010 laying down the obligations of operators who place timber and timber products

on the market.

e) Law no. 171/2010 on the Stabilisation and sanctioning of forest contraventions

f) Order 1.648/2000 on the approval of Technical rules regarding compositions,

layouts and forests regeneration technologies and afforestation of degraded lands.


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g) Law no. 100/2010 on Afforestation of degraded lands

Public Policies and Financing Instruments

In addition to the existing legislative framework, the development of the forest sector

in Romania is based on a series of programmatic documents, with short, medium and

long-term impact, approved or being in different stages on the approval circuit. Some

of these documents are visionary documents, providing concrete objectives for the

forestry sector and measures to reach them, others are financing instruments

circumscribed to the set goals. Among the most important documents of this type, we

recall:

a) The National Forest Strategy – 2013 – 2022, a document being under public

debate, prior to the approval. The strategy comprises measures of the areas covered by

woods, without having a distinct component regarding the fast-growing species;

b) The National Rural Development Programme 2007 – 2014, a document that

provided by Measure 121 the possibility to finance some private projects for the

modernisation of agricultural farms, including “Investment for the establishment of

forestry species with short production cycle and vegetative regeneration, for the

production of renewable energy”, within the limit of EUR 700,000, with a share from

40% to 70% grant from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development.

c) The National Rural Development Programme 2014 – 2020, a document which

provides by Submeasure 8.1 - Afforestation and creation of wood areas the possibility

of private beneficiaries to obtain a grant for the afforestation of agricultural and non-

agricultural lands as premiums for the installation and maintenance of crops, as well

as a compensation of incomes that would have been obtained by the use of lands in

agriculture. The Submeasure provides the realisation of woods, but does not distinctly

consider the creation of woods from fast-growing species.

d) The program to improve environmental quality for the afforestation of

degraded lands, ecological restoration and sustainable management of forests

considered the financing of degraded lands afforestation projects, unfit for agricultural

uses, belonging to administrative-territorial units. There was no distinct component

for the financing of afforestation projects with fast-growing species.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Page 3


1. Identification, Registration and Varietal Control

Providing identification, registration and varietal control is under the incidence of Law

107/2011 on the production, sale and import of forest reproductive materials.

According to these laws, the National Catalogue of Basic Materials is annually

approved, on categories, species and regions of origin and comprises the description

details and the number/unique identification code of each source unit. The basic

material is included in the National Catalogue of Basic Materials, for each source-

unit only one number/code being assigned.

The identity of forest reproductive materials is provided by the Identity certificate

which is a form with a special regime containing security elements, is multiplied by

the care of the authority and is made available to the persons authorised with

certification. Throughout the production process, the manufacturer of each batch of

forest reproductive material is obliged to ensure its identity and identification by

drawings, as the case may be, plates, signs, labels.

The list of cultivars / clones of poplar currently admitted in the crop in Romania, are

presented in the table below:

Table no. 1

Crt. no. Cultivar/Clone Country of origin Year of admission in

crop

1 Robusta RO-16 Romania 1961

2 Robusta RO-118 Romania 1961

3 Marilandica RO-26 Romania 1961

4 Regenerata Celei Romania 1961

5 I-214 Italy 1963

6 Sacrau 79 Austria 1972

7 I-154 Italy 1976

8 I 45/51 Italy 1976

9 I 69/55 (Lux) Italy 1976

10 Triplo Italy 1993

11 Toropogritzki Ukraine 1993

12 Turcoaia Romania 2003


Page 4

In what concerns willows, the selected clones admitted in production were obtained in

Romania at the Bucharest Forest Research and Management Institute and have the

following identification codes:

- Salix alba L. ‘RO-201’, ‘RO-202’, ‘RO-204’, ‘RO-326’, ’RO-334’, ‘RO-346’, ‘RO-

892’;

- S. alba x S. fragilis ‘RO-921’;

- S. fragilis x S. matsudana ‘RO-1077’, ‘RO-1082’.

At the International Poplar Commission three cultivars of poplar from Romania are

registered, respectively Populus x canadensis ‘Oltenița’, ‘Argeș’, and ‘Celei’.

In the table below is presented the basic materials for producing the forest reproductive

materials (table no. 2)

Table no. 2

Crt.

no. Species

Basic material (ha)

Selected Qualified Total

1 Populus alba L. 94.00 94.00

2 Populus nigra L. 18.95 18.95

3 Populus ssp. 44.61 44.61

4 Salix ssp. 9.54 9.54

Total 112.95 54.15 167.10

During the period 2012 - 2015 no proposals were made for the registration of new

cultivars of poplars or willows.

2. Production Systems and Cultivation

In Romania, the crop of poplars and willows is generally practiced on lands located in

the interior river valleys and in the Danube meadow and Danube Delta. These areas

of crop largely represent the natural area of indigenous poplars and willows. After

1965 and until 1989, there was a genetically ameliorated poplars and willows

extension policy, most of the natural stands being replaced by plantations with clones

of high productivity. Today, most of the area occupied by poplars and willows is

composed of artificial woods, planted, managed in the forest regime, fulfilling various

functions of wood mass production or protection. Small areas, with stands of

indigenous poplars and willows are managed in the coppice regime, with natural


Page 5

regeneration. The crop of poplars and willows is realised in agreement with the

technical rules and recommendations, periodically updated with the result of

researches in the field.

(a) Forest nurseries

In the case of stands created artificially, seedlings and long cuttings are used as forest

reproductive materials. They are produced in forest nurseries from selected or

qualified basic material.

Forest seedlings grown from seed. Reproduction materials – seedlings for indigenous

poplars species (P. nigra L., P. alba L.) are produced in nurseries by seeding. Seeds

are harvested from seed reserves recorded in the National Catalogue of basic materials

for the production of reproduction forest materials, being a material from the

“selected” category and is sown in forest nurseries. Forest seedlings are obtained with

the age 1 to 2 years, 1st or 2nd quality, which are later permanently replanted in the

ground to create future stands.

Fig. 1 – White poplar seeding (P. alba L.) in the nursery (Pepiniera Rachelu, DS Tulcea)

According to STAS SR 9503 – Poplar and willow seedlings and cuttings, the

dimensional characteristics of forest seedlings are the following:


Page 6

Table no. 3

Species

Age

(years)

Minimum diameter to 5 cm

above the collar (mm)

1st quality 2nd quality

Populus alba L.; Populus nigra L.

Populus x canescens Sm

1/1; 2/2 7 5

2/2; 2/3 20 12

Forest seedlings obtained from cuttings. Reproduction materials – seedlings for hybrid

poplars and willow species (P. x canadensis Moench, P. x interamericana Brockh,

Salix alba L.) are produced in nurseries by propagation cuttings. Cuttings are

harvested from mother plant crops recorded in the National Catalogue of basic

materials for the production of reproduction forest materials, being a material from

the “qualified” category. Forest seedlings are obtained with the age of 1 and 2 years,

1st and 2nd quality, used for the creation of forest crops.

Fig. 2 – Euramerican poplar propagation cuttings (P. x canadensis Moench) in the nursery

(Pepiniera Rachelu, DS Tulcea)

According to STAS SR 9503 – Seedlings and long cuttings of poplar and willow, the

dimensional characteristics of forest seedlings are the following:


Page 7

Table no. 4

Species

Age

(years)

Minimum diameter to 5 cm

above the collar (mm)

1st quality 2nd quality

Populus x canadensis Moench,

Populus x interamericana Brockh,

Populus deltoides Marsh

1/1; 2/2 18 12

2/2; 2/3 35 25

Populus nigra L.

Populus nigra var Italica Du Roi

Populus nigra L. Thevestina Bean

Populus trichocarpa Torr et Grey

1/1; 2/2 14 8

2/2; 2/3 18 12

Salix alba L. 1/1; 2/2 15 10

2/2; 2/3 22 15

In recent years, drip irrigations and mulching foils are used in nurseries, which offers

some technological and economic advantages: better survival percentages, seedlings

with richer roots, good control of soil water, effective weed control etc.

Poplar and willow cuttings. To create plantations, apart from seedlings, poplar and

willow long cuttings are also used, forest materials produced in nurseries in specialised

forest crops.

Fig. 3 – Specialised crop for the production of long cuttings (Pepiniera Pardina, DS Tulcea)


Page 8

According to STAS SR 9503 – Poplar and willow seedlings and long cuttings, the

dimensional characteristics of long cuttings are the following:

Table no. 5

Species Category Age

(years)

Size

Length (cm)

Minimum

diameter at

the thin end

(mm)

Populus x canadensis Moench,

Populus x interamericana

Brockh,

Populus deltoides Marsh

Short

cuttings

1…2 60…70 20

Long

cuttings

1…2 400…600 *)

Salix alba L. Short

cuttings

1…3 70…100 20

Long

cuttings

2…3 200…400 30

*) Poplar cuttings have the minimum diameter at the thick end of 35 cm and the upper part

at the terminal bud

(b) Plantations

The largest part of the areas occupied by poplars and willows in Romania is created

artificially, by plantations.

Choosing cultivars/clones. The clones used for the establishment of crops are from

those admitted for production in Romania, and choosing them is carried out depending

on the social-economic objectives of the future stand, the priority function to fulfil,

production goals, stationary characteristics and species ecology. For example, if a

stand will be created for economic objectives, with a priority function to produce a

wood mass, with a goal to produce veneer wood, then lands with best suitability for

poplars, clone I-214 will be chosen. For choosing cultivars/clones, there are especially

issued rules and technical recommendations.

Type of plants. In what concerns choosing the forest reproductive material

(seedlings/cuttings), there are no rules that impose a certain type. However, the use of

seedlings is widely performed, long cuttings being used on lands where groundwater

is at a greater depth and in areas where flood waters may reach above seedlings size.


Page 9

Spacing and layout of plantation. Planting spacing are chosen depending on the

production goal. Thus, crops intended for the production of small size assortment

(cellulose, plywood etc.) are established at smaller schemes (4 m x 4 m, 5 m x 4 m, 5

m x 5 m), while for obtaining veneer assortments, increasingly large schemes are used

(6 m x 6 m, 7 m x 7 m, 8 m x 8 m). The planting layout is most often a rectangle.

Planting technology. Planting seedlings is often carried out in holes of 60 cm in depth

and diameter, mechanically executed, and cuttings are planted in holes of 120…150

cm depth and 15…20 cm in diameter. Prior to this, the land is covered with land

preparation works (destruction of stumps, scarification, ploughing, disking).

Tending of young plantations. Starting from the first year, plantations maintenance

works are executed. They can be 2-4 every year, for 5 years. They are mechanically

executed by disking in two perpendicular directions and manually around seedlings.

Fig. 4 – Willow and poplar plantation in the Danube meadow (mechanically executed holes, sizes of

60 cm in diameter and of 60 cm in depth, scheme 5 m x 4 m, rectangle layout) – OS Măcin, DS

Tulcea

Tending operations. Starting from the second crop year, in plantations, artificial

pruning works are performed of up to 1/3 from the size of seedlings. After the age of

8 years, pruning is performed up to 2/5 in height, avoiding cutting branches with the

thickness greater than 5 cm. At the age of 10 – 12 years, thinning works are carried

out, usually schematic, extracting approximately 33% from the number of trees.


Page 10

Fig. 5 – Plantation of Polulus x canadensis at the age of 6 years, OS Măcin, DS Tulcea

Management of poplars and willows forests. Natural stand and forest plantations with

poplar and willow are subject to forest management plan and silvic regime, regardless

of the owner. Rotation vary in relation with the species, production class and goals

aimed.

Table no. 6

Species

Production class/Assortments

I/II III/IV V

Timber Veneer Timber Stationery

paste

Populus alba L. 94,00 94,00

Populus nigra L. 18,95 18,95

For the estimation of the standing volume and dimensional sorting of the poplar and

willow wooden material, cubing and sorting tables are available for Populus tremula,

P. alba, P. nigra, P. x canadensis (global), P. x canadensis ’Robusta RO-16’, ’I-214’

and ’Sacrau 79’. Also, cubing and sorting materials are available for Salix alba (from

natural regenerations, from plantations and from willow sprouts/sprouts).


Page 11

(c) Natural woods

The area of natural woods has been reduced greatly during the last decades of the past

century, when clones of hybrid black poplars were promoted and willow selected from

the natural range of natural poplar and willow water meadows.

During the last period, there is a major concern for the identification and conservation

of these natural woods, for different purposes: conservation of forest genetic resources,

biodiversity conservation, creation of seed reserves, protection of banks and hydraulic

works, landscape conservation, conservation of virgin and quasi-virgin forests.

Therefore, they are assigned with priority with protection functions. The management

regime of these woods is the coppice regime, with low regeneration cutting (simple

coppice system) in the case of white poplar, black poplar and grey poplar and stands,

mixed or with cutting from the pollarding (pollarding system) in the case of willow

stands.

Fig. 6 – Black poplar and white poplar natural stand (OS Tulcea, DS Tulcea)

(d) Agroforestry crops and trees outside the forest

In Romania, agroforestry crops are not regulated by rules or technical instructions, and

practices of this type are isolated and on insignificant areas.


Page 12

Hybrid black poplars were used extensively for alignments along communication

routes (roads, railways etc.), but a large part of them was exploited without being

replaced.

Poplars and willows could play an important part in the creation of future shelterbelts

for agricultural fields and communication routes, Romania having in the project stage

the realisation of a national shelterbelts system.

3. Genetics, Conservation and Improvement

Conservation. In Romania, concrete actions as regard identification, delimitation and

description of forest genetic resources have undertaken after 1990, within the Forest

Research and Management Institute, when Romania signed the Convention on the

Forests Protection in Europe (Strasbourg, 1990).

The work methodology was developed by Enescu (1993) and was aligned with the

recommendations of the Follow up Committee for implementation of Resolution 2 of

the Convention. The action began in 1993 and was finished in 1996 when was made

the first database and was elaborated the first national catalogue of forest genetic

resources. The national catalogue was revised in 2012 (Pârnuță et al., 2012) and

totalize 19889.6 ha, of which 57.2 ha of Populus alba and 22.9 ha of Populus nigra

respectively (table no. 7).

It was aimed the conservation of forest genetic resources for the main forest species

with considering both the inter and intrapopulational genetic diversity as fundamental

components of biodiversity. It took into consideration the conservation of the most

valuable populations, both natural or artificial.

A FGR consists of a nucleus, which constitutes proper resource with a minimum area

of 10 hectares and a buffer zone that surrounds the nucleus and serves as insulation

and protects it. Poplars forest genetics resources are presented in the table below.


Page 13

Table no. 7

Species

RFG conserved

on-site

RGF conserved

off-site Total

S

nucleus

(ha)

S total

(ha)

S

nucleus

(ha)

S total

(ha)

S

nucleus

(ha)

S total

(ha)

Populus alba L. 31.69 41.50 13.70 15.70 45.39 57.20

Populus nigra L. 13.96 22.90 0.0 0.0 13.96 22.90

Improvement. In 2014, within the Project EW13/14: “Testing of poplar clones from

EU member states for the use in short rotation coppice”, coordinated by ASP

Teisendorf, there were established two trials with 21 new clones of poplars. The

research institutes, the owners of the deliverable clones, are from following countries:

Belgium, Italy, Germany, Czech Republic and Hungary. One experiment was

established in the delta of Danube (Nufăru) and the other in steppe site conditions

(Baragan).

Results after the second growing season highlighted a high variability among tested

clones for growth traits, bud flushing and survival in both experimental trials. In each

experiment there are clones which exhibit exceptional growth performances and

exceed the control clone (I214) with values between 18% to 33% at Baragan, and 19%

to 58 % at Nufaru.

Results recommend the use of clones in other site conditions, than those known so far

for the poplars culture in Romania. Also, the most valuable clones could be designated

as tested sources and certificated for producing the forest reproductive materials.

4. Forest Protection

During the reporting period, poplars and willows stands were affected by some

harmful factors (biotic and abiotic), the most relevant of which are described below:


Page 14

(a) Biotic factors

Pests. Among the pests with a major impact on the health status and productivity of

poplar and willow forests, the most important are the defoliating insects Lymantria

dispar, Nycteola asiatica, Pygaera anastomosis, Melasoma populi, Hyphantria cunea.

The largest areas were infected annually by the pest Lymantria dispar, the evolution

of areas being presented in the table below.

Table no. 8

Year Pest

Area (ha)

Total With a very

high intensity

2012

Lymantria dispar

2,760 50

2013 5,151 1,950

2014 5,617 3,074

2015 1,045 545

Total 14,573 5,619

For areas with a high intensity, steps to apply the fighting treatments were taken. In

2012, terrestrial treatments with viral products were applied, in 2013 and 2014

chemical treatments were applied with the Dimilin 48 SC product, as well as

treatments with viral preparations. In 2015, treatments with biodegraded preparations,

viral (Inf-ld) and mycotic preparations were exclusively applied.

Among wood pests, during the reporting period, infestations with Saperda populnea,

Saperda carcharias, Paranthrene tabaniformis, Agrilus suvorovi populneus, Aegeria

apiformis were recorded on reduced areas.

For the prevention of losses at economic level, treatments with synthesis pyrethroids

with a very good efficiency were applied from the ground.

Diseases. Among the diseases that affected poplar and willow forests, those caused by

leaf parasites are to be mentioned (Melampsora alli-populina, Melampsora larici-

populina, Marssonina brunnea), but the level of affectation was a very low one, rarely

medium or high. These diseases did not cause significant losses. Pseudomonas


Page 15

syringae f. populea was signalled as a pathogenic agent at the level of young

plantations and of mature stands.

To mitigate the damage caused by diseases, preventive steps to promote in crop

resistant clones were taken (black poplar, I-214) or curative, to eliminate affected trees

by tending operations, to eliminate affected branches, trees etc.

(b) Abiotic factors

Among the most common abiotic factors which affect poplar and willows stand,

prolonged floods can be mentioned, which may affect plantations and even the stand,

excessive drought in the case of plantations and stands that do not benefit from the

intake of flood waters, breakages and windfalls or windbreakages of seedlings strains

during the frost periods of flood waters. The affectation of plantations and stands by

abiotic factors was recorded on relatively low areas, without significant consequences

at economic level. Preventive measures in this case aimed only at silvicultural

measures (choosing more resistant clones, executing silvic works during optimal

periods etc.).

5. Harvesting and Utilization

(a) Harvesting poplars and willows

During the reporting period, technologies regarding harvesting, collection and

transport of poplar and willows woods was not substantially modified. As methods of

operation, the tree length system is used, some machines being replaced with more

modern ones, with high productivity, more reduced and environmentally-friendly

consumption of fuels and lubricants.

In Romania, harvesting and collection of the wood mass is regulated by technical

instructions with regard to the deadlines, modalities and periods of collection, removal

and transport of the wooden material. The maximum area on which clear cuttings are

allowed is of 3 hectares, and starting with 2015 in enclosed area, the maximum area

was modified to 5 ha (Law 133/2015).


Page 16

(b) The use of poplar and willow wood for various wood products

Poplar and willow wood is increasingly sought in the last period. After a period of

decrease of the interest in small poplar and willow wood following dissolution of many

processing capabilities in Romania, in recent years, a demand increase is felt.

Particularly from poplar wood, the entire range of wood products is manufactured,

with the most diverse uses: veneer, saw timber for the furniture industry, plywood,

fibreboards, MDF, OSB, packaging etc., the willow having however fewer industrial

uses following the lower technological characteristics of poplars.

(c) Use of poplar and willow wood as a source of bioenergy

There are investors increasingly interested in the alternative of energy production, but

until now, there are no data regarding the establishment of poplar or willow crops for

this purpose or regarding the development of capacities for energy production.

6. Environmental Applications

Poplars and willows were used in the past on a large scale for the creation of

shelterbelts for the protection of communication ways. The use of poplars and willows

was utilised in projects to improve degraded lands together with other forest species

that best served to the environmental objective, without being a preference for the

promotion of poplar and willow species.

III. GENERAL INFORMATION

Page 17


1. Administration and Operation of the National Poplar Commission

or equivalent Organization

The National Poplar and Willow Commission (CNPS) from Romania is operating

within the National Forest Administration (Regia Națională a Pădurilor – Romsilva),

the state-owned forests administrator, as an advisory body.

The CNPS componence was not modified since 2009, having the following structure:

Executive Office – 7 members,

President: Gheorghe NICHIFOREL

Vice-president: Mihai FILAT

Secretary: Bogdan POPA

Working groups:

(1) Genetics, improvement and conservation 5 members

(2) Crop technologies 5 members

(3) Fighting diseases and pests 5 members

(4) Wood exploitation and use 5 members

(5) Applications in environmental protection 5 members

Contact:

Address: Bucharest, Petricani Street, No. 9A, Sector 2, Postal Code 023841

Tel: +40 21 317 10 05

Fax: +4 021 316 84 28

E-mail: [email protected]

The CNPS activity was quite reduced in the last period following the various

modifications that occurred in its structure. Among the difficulties encountered,


Page 18

primarily, there are the financial ones, the commission not having allocated a

functioning budget of its own.

2. Literature

Without relevant data.

3. Relations with other countries

A reference project on the line of poplar cultivation is the one regarding the Testing of

poplar clones from EU member states for the use in short rotation coppice, (EW 13/14)

being under the coordination of ASP Teisenndorf, having as a national partner the

National Institute for Forest Research and Development ”Marin Drăcea” (former

ICAS).

With regard to the species conservation activities, within the project Inventorying and

mapping the areas with black poplar specimens from the Danube Delta Biosphere

Reserve, identification, characterisation and mapping activities for black poplar

specimens were carried out. The project was implemented by the Danube Delta

Biosphere Reserve Administration and was financed by the South East Europe

Transnational Cooperation Programme 2007-2013 (SEE Programme 2007-2013),

being part of the DANUBEPARKS STEP 2.0 - Anchoring the Danube River Network

of Protected Areas as Platform for Preservation of Danube Heritage, Package 4,

activities 4.1. regarding the inventory and mapping of black poplar populations

(Populus nigra L.) from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve.

4. Innovations not included in other sections

Without relevant data.

IV. SUMMARY STATISTICS (QUESTIONNAIRE)

Page 19

IV. SUMMARY STATISTICS (Questionnaire)

Documents

COUNTRY REPORT · certification. Throughout the production process, the manufacturer of each batch of forest reproductive material is obliged to ensure its identity and identification