Cosmic Dust and Cosmology Thomas Prevenslik QED Radiations Discovery Bay, Hong Kong, China APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August

Cosmic Dust and Cosmology

Thomas Prevenslik

QED Radiations

Discovery Bay, Hong Kong, China

APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea

1

Since Hubble, cosmology based on Doppler’s redshift considers the Universe as finite beginning and expanding ever

since the Big Bang.

If, however, Hubble’s redshift is shown to have a non-Doppler origin, the Universe need not be expanding.

Redshift without an expanding Universe is of utmost importance as the outstanding problems in cosmology would

be resolved by Newtonian Mechanics.

Introduction


2

Dusty Galaxies


NGC 3314

Dust affects redshift measurements

3

Purpose

APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional I-AU Meeting - August 18-22, Daejeon Korea

Show galaxy light is redshift upon absorption in NPs of cosmic dust

NP = nanoparticle (Sub-micron particles < 1 micron)

Purpose is not to show cosmic dust gives the same redshift as the Doppler redshift, but to show the Doppler

redshift needs to be corrected for cosmic dust

4

Mechanism


Galaxy light is redshift by QED as its EM energy is absorbed under the TIR confinement of the cosmic dust NP.

QED = quantum electrodynamicsEM = electromagnetic

TIR = total internal reflection

QED redshift is a consequence of QM that forbids the atoms in NPs under TIR to increase in temperature upon absorbing the

EM energy of the galaxy photon.

QM = quantum mechanics. 5

Classical Physics


6

Based on classical physics, astronomers assume the single galaxy photon increases the NP temperature

( Even used as source of IR spectra)

But QM restrictions deny the atoms in NPs the heat capacity to change in temperature

QM Restrictions

1 10 100 10000.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

Thermal Wavelength - l - microns

Pla

nck

En

erg

y -

E -

eV

1

kT

hcexp

hc

E

Nanoscale

kT 0.0258 eV

Classical physics (kT > 0)

QM


Classical physics is valid only for large particles – not NPs

Macroscale

7

Conservation of Energy

Lack of heat capacity by QM forbids EM energy conservation in NPs by an increase in temperature, but how does

conservation proceed?

ProposalUnder TIR, QED induces the EM energy of the single galaxy

photon to be conserved by emitting light that is redshift depending on NP material and geometry

(Blueshift can not occur)


8

In 1870, Tyndall showed light is confined by TIR in the surface if the refractive index of the body > surroundings.

Why important?

NPs have high surface to volume ratio.

Absorbed EM energy is confined totally in the NP surface to directly excite the TIR mode of the NP.

f = (c/n)/ = D E = h f

Thin films = 2D

TIR Confinement


9

Expanding Universe? You know:

Prior to 1910, the Universe was thought static and infinite

In 1916, Einstein‘s theory of relativity required an expanding or contracting

Universe

About 10 years later, Hubble measured the redshift of galaxy light that by the Doppler Effect was taken as proof of an

expanding Universe.

But you may not know

Cosmic dust of NPs that permeate the ISM can redshift galaxy light without Universe expansion

ISM = Interstelllar medium


10

Redshift Z > 0 without Universe expansion

NP

Surface AbsorptionQED under TIR


QED Redshift

Vc=

(Z+1 )2−1

(Z+1 )2+1 0.966 !!!

NP Velocity

11

Redshift Photon

lo = (1+Z)

Z=𝑜−

In ISM, D < 500 nm.Take D = 300 nm, n = 1.5 o = 900 nm

Z = 6.4

o

Single galaxy photonLyman Alpha

= 121.6 nm

QED Redshift


0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.250

2

4

6

8

10

12

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Cosmic Dust NP radius - D/2 - microns

QE

D R

edsh

ift -

Z

Gal

axy

velo

city

rat

io -

V/c

V/c

Z

Ly- = 0.1217 micron

Amorphous Silicate: n = 1.5

H- = 0.656 micron

Redshift v. Wavelength?


13

Hubble’s redshift by the Doppler effect requires the same Z for ALL wavelengths

QED induced Z is not the same for ALL wavelengths

Data ? supports Doppler shift at low Z < .05 (Astrophys J 123, 373-6, 1956)

Support for Doppler at high Z is not always reportedWhat to do?

To obtain Hubble Z, redshift Zmeas is proposed corrected with measured Z for Ly- and H- lines,

Z = Zmeas – ( ZLy- - ZH-)

Extensions


Based on QED redshift by NPs

Sunyaev-Zel’dovich EffectTime Dilation of Supernovae Explosions

Tolman EffectDark Matter and EnergyGalaxy Rotation Problem

14

Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect


The CMB radiation upon interacting with galaxy clusters is found to blue-shift based on the SZE

CMB = Cosmic Microwave BackgroundSZE = Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect

Z M and SZE M SZE Z

But the SZE is found to be independent of redshift Z ?

By QED, the redshift Z does not originate inside the collapsing galaxy clusters, but rather from NPs in the path of

the galaxy cluster to the observer

SZE is indeed independent of Z15

Supernovae Light Curves


Time dilation of Supernova light curves at low Z that take 20 days to decay will take 40 days to decay at Z =1

(At Invisible Universe - Paris - 2009, Adam Reiss argued dilation by Universe expansion)

QED redshift differs: Z NPs and NPs M Z M

At Z = 1 the SN having larger dust mass M takes a longer time to cool than at low Z

Time dilation observed in SN explosions is caused by thermal cooling of the mass M of large particles

16

Tolman Test


Tolman assumed the brightness B of an object is not modified by absorption in cosmic dust

17

Aging of Supernovae spectra drops inversely with (1+Z) Blondin et al., “Time Dilation in Type Ia Supernova Spectra at High Redshift.”

Astrophys. J. 682 (2008) 724

QED redshift gives the brightness Bo at the observer : Bo= hc/o = hc/(1+Z) = B /(1+Z)

QED redshift is consistent with SN spectra at the observer reduced by (1+Z)

Mass of Black Holes


The Doppler effect based on optical spectra from orbiting stars is used to infer the mass of black holes

QED redshift suggests the star moving away from us is moving faster than it actually is, thereby highly exaggerating

the black hole mass

ObserverNPs

NPs

18

Galaxy Rotation Problem


Cosmic dust asymmetry interpreted as a Doppler shift suggests the galaxy is rotating faster than it actually is.

The galaxy rotation problem is an anomaly of cosmic dust. No need for MOND

QED redshift suggests amount of dark matter/energy in the Universe inferred from spectra of spiral galaxies is exaggerated.

Is Higgs boson necessary?

19

Conclusions


Redshift of light interpreted by the Doppler effect may grossly exaggerate the velocities of galaxies

Dark energy/matter necessary to hold the galaxies at high redshift together most likely does not exist

Correct redshift measurements

Z = Zmeas – ( ZLy- - ZH-)

20

Questions & Papers

Email: [email protected]

http://www.nanoqed.org


21

http://www.nanoqed.org/

Documents

Cosmic Dust and Cosmology Thomas Prevenslik QED Radiations Discovery Bay, Hong Kong, China APRIM 2014 - 12th Asia-Pacific Regional IAU Meeting - August