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CORRECTION
Correction to: Northerly wind trends along the Portuguese marinecoast since 1950
Francisco Leitão1& Paulo Relvas1 & Fernando Cánovas1 & Vânia Baptista1 & Alexandra Teodósio1
Published online: 24 April 2019# Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019
Correction to: Theoretical and Applied Climatologyhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2466-9
The original version of this article unfortunately containedmistakes. All figure captions are not accurate. Also, there is arepeated error in most figures because the vertical scales incor-rectly show BWind Strenght^ instead of BWind Strength^ andin Fig. 4 (mid-panel) B2003^ instead of B2004^. The correctedfigures are given below.
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdic-
tional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The online version of the original article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2466-9
* Francisco Leitã[email protected]
1 Ceentro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus deGambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Theoretical and Applied Climatology (2019) 137:21–29https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-019-02806-y
Fig. 1 Map of the Portuguesecoast, showing the areas studiedand information on the satellite(left panel) and ICOADS (rightpanel) observation points used toextract the mean wind velocitybetween the surface and 200 mheight for each area. Thedelimitation of each area(Northwestern - NW,Southwestern - SW and Southern- S) was adopted according tooceanographic studies and fisher-ies stocks division (ICES sub-division)
22 F. Leitão et al.
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Sm
oo
th
w
in
d s
tren
gth
(m
s
-1)
Win
d stren
gth
(m
s
-1)
Northwestern
ICOADS Observed Satellite Observed
ICOADS Smoothed Satellite Smoothed
a
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Sm
oo
th
w
in
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
Southwestern
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
-8
-4
0
4
8
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005S
mo
oth
w
in
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
Win
d s
tre
gth
(
m s
-1)
South
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
Month
IXaCN IXaCS IXaS-Algarveb
Fig. 2 a Observed and smoothedvalues (after LOESS) of monthlynortherly wind time seriesintensity (v-wind) for bothICOADS and Satellite data bystudy area: Northwestern (NW),Southwestern (SW) and Southern(S). The horizontal line representsthe average monthly v-windvalues between 1960 and 2010(ICOADS data). b Observedmean monthly v-wind values forICOADS data between 1960 and2010
Correction to: Northerly wind trends along the Portuguese marine coast since 1950 23
ICOADS: y = -0.0241x - 1.5283
Satellite: y = -0.0407x - 0.9681
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
Northwestern
ICOADS Sattelit
Linear (ICOADS) Linear (Sattelit)
a
ICOADS: y = -0.0089x - 2.739
Satellite: y = -0.0308x - 2.2657
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
Southwestern
ICOADS: y = -0.0149x - 1.0663
Satelite: y = -0.0317x - 0.9527
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
South
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
19
60
-19
64
19
65
-19
69
19
70
-19
74
19
75
-19
79
19
80
-19
84
19
85
-19
89
19
90
-19
94
19
95
-19
99
20
00
-20
04
20
05
-20
09
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
An
om
alie
s
Northwesternb
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
19
60
-19
64
19
65
-19
69
19
70
-19
74
19
75
-19
79
19
80
-19
84
19
85
-19
89
19
90
-19
94
19
95
-19
99
20
00
-20
04
20
05
-20
09
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
A
no
ma
lie
s
Southwestern
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
19
60
-19
64
19
65
-19
69
19
70
-19
74
19
75
-19
79
19
80
-19
84
19
85
-19
89
19
90
-19
94
19
95
-19
99
20
00
-20
04
20
05
-20
09
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
A
no
ma
lie
sSouth
Fig. 3 a Observed and linear adjusted annual ICOADS and Satellite northerly wind (v-wind) trends by study area (left panel): Northwestern (NW),Southwestern (SW) and Southern (S). b Half-decadal anomalies in the northerly wind (v-wind)
24 F. Leitão et al.
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
Northwestern
Observed Regime Shift Analyses
2003
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
Southwestern
2004
-3
-2
-1
0
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
Win
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
South
1998
Fig. 4 Sudden shifts in the annual northerly wind (v-wind) by study area(black lines representing the RSI - Regime Shift Index): Northwestern(NW), Southwestern (SW) and Southern (S-Algarve). The significantregime shift index periods and inflection year are indicated
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
KZ
a
nd
K
ZA
(m
s
-1
)
Ob
serve
d w
in
d s
tre
nth
(m
s
-1
)
Northwestern Observed KZA KZ
19872005
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
19601964196819721976198019841988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
KZ
a
nd
K
ZA
(m
s
-1
)
Ob
se
rve
d w
in
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
Southwestern
2005
1972
-3
-2
-1
0
-8
-4
0
4
8
1960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008
KZ
a
nd
K
ZA
(m
s
-1
)
Ob
se
rve
d w
in
d s
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
South
2003
Fig. 5 Monthly observed, Kolmogrov-Zurbenko (KZ) and Kolmogrov-Zurbenko Adaptative filter (KZA) trends in northerly wind (v-wind) sud-den shifts by study area: Northwestern (NW), Southwestern (SW) andSouthern (S)
Correction to: Northerly wind trends along the Portuguese marine coast since 1950 25
Autu
mn
htuoSnretsewhtuoSnretsewhtroNW
inte
rSp
ring
Sum
mer
y = -0.0324x + 0.4939
y = -0.1097x + 3.7633-6-4-202468
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0123x - 2.6482
y = -0.0107x - 2.4661
-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-101
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0185x - 3.3556
y = 0.0135x - 5.0996
-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-10
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0331x - 0.6034
y = -0.056x - 0.0806-6-5-4-3-2-10123
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0202x - 0.9352
y = -0.0559x + 0.2287
-10-8-6-4-2024
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
ICOADS SatelliteLinear (ICOADS) Linear (Satellite)
y = -0.0045x - 3.1285
y = -0.0145x - 3.2125
-10-8-6-4-2024
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0056x - 4.6913
y = -0.001x - 5.3314-10
-8-6-4-2024
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0055x - 2.2012
y = -0.0518x - 0.7621
-10-8-6-4-2024
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0252x - 0.1775
y = -0.0031x - 0.16639-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0142x - 1.0668
y = -0.0124x - 1.7148-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0129x - 2.0908
y = -0.0273x - 2.1584-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
y = -0.0074x - 0.9303
y = -0.0536x + 0.2803-5
-3
-1
1
3
519
6019
6419
6819
7219
7619
8019
8419
8819
9219
9620
0020
0420
08
Win
d st
regt
h (m
/s)
Fig. 6 Inter-annual seasonal observed and linear adjusted northerly wind (v-wind) values by study area: (a) Northwester (NW); (b) Southwestern (SW);and c) Southern (S)
26 F. Leitão et al.
y = -0.0801x + 1.86y = -0.1259x + 4.914
-8
-4
0
4
8
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tren
gth
(m
s
-1)
JAN
ICOADS Linear (ICOADS)
y = -0.0507x + 0.7315y = -0.0712x + 1.4293
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tren
gth
(m
s-1)
FEB
Satellite Linear (Satellite)
y = -0.0052x - 2.2536y = 0.0792x - 5.6313
-12
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08W
in
d S
tren
gth
(m
s-1)
MAR
y = -0.0113x - 2.9451y = -0.1416x + 2.6248
-12
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08W
ind
Stre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
MAY y = -0.0101x - 3.2079y = 0.0736x - 6.9551
-12
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08W
ind
Stre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
JUN
y = -0.0193x - 3.5822y = 0.0156x - 5.7624
-12
-8
-4
0
4
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
JULy = -0.0262x - 3.2766y = -0.0486x - 2.5813
-12
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08W
ind
Stre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
AUG
y = -0.0586x - 1.1065y = 0.0506x - 5.3607
-12
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08W
ind
Stre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
SEPy = -0.0259x - 0.2884y = -0.0007x - 1.4578
-8
-4
0
4
8
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
OCT
y = -0.0148x - 0.4154y = -0.2178x + 6.5767
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
NOVy = 0.0335x - 1.1097y = -0.1319x + 4.9466
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08W
ind
Stre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
DEC
y = -0.0203x - 2.7459 y = 0.0304x - 4.3599
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tren
gth
(m
s
-1)
APR
Fig. 7 Inter-annual monthly observed and linear adjusted northerly wind (v-wind) values in Northwestern (NW) coast. January; February;March; April;May; June; July; August; September; October; November; December
Correction to: Northerly wind trends along the Portuguese marine coast since 1950 27
y = -0.0331x - 0.5911y = -0.0883x + 1.8085
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
JAN
ICOADS Linear (ICOADS)
y = -0.0482x - 0.1043y = 4E-06x - 2.8203
-8
-4
0
4
8
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
FEB
Satellite Linear (Satellite)
y = -0.0173x - 2.1404y = 0.0477x - 5.0607
-8
-4
0
4
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
MARy = 0.0086x - 3.6669y = 0.0508x - 6.2218
-12
-8
-4
0
4
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
APR
y = -0.0049x - 3.5781y = -0.142x + 1.6885
-12
-8
-4
0
4
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
MAY y = -0.0055x - 4.1982y = 0.0507x - 6.924
-12
-8
-4
0
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
JUN
y = -0.0185x - 4.7877y = -0.0065x - 5.6092
-12
-8
-4
0
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Win
d S
tren
gth
(m
s
-1)
JUL y = 0.0073x - 5.088y = -0.0472x - 3.461
-12
-8
-4
0
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
AUG
y = 0.005x - 3.2184y = 0.0478x - 5.6842
-8
-4
0
4
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
SEP
y = -0.0092x - 1.7034y = -0.0105x - 1.734
-8
-4
0
4
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8
Win
d S
tren
gh
t (m
s
-1)
OCT
y = -0.0122x - 1.6816y = -0.1926x + 5.1318
-8
-4
0
4
8
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1)
NOVy = 0.0207x - 2.1101y = -0.0793x + 1.6978
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Win
d S
tren
gth
(m
s
-1)
DEC
Fig. 8 Inter-annual monthly observed and linear adjusted northerly wind (v-wind) values in Southwestern (SW). January; February; March; April; May;June; July; August; September; October; November; December
28 F. Leitão et al.
y = -0.0348x - 0.0842
y = -0.0863x + 1.7418
-8
-4
0
4
8
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8
Win
d S
tren
gth
(m
s
-1
)
JAN
ICOADS Linear (ICOADS)
y = -0.0426x + 0.2042
y = 0.0684x - 4.6165
-8
-4
0
4
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
FEB
Satellite Linear (Satellite)
y = -0.0123x - 1.0173
y = 0.0323x - 3.1453
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
MAR
y = -0.0248x - 0.9203
y = 0.0404x - 4.2358
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
APR
y = -0.0056x - 1.2626
y = -0.1098x + 2.2737
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
MAY
y = -0.0072x - 1.7965
y = 0.026x - 3.8907
-6
-4
-2
0
2
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
JUN
y = -0.0241x - 2.0139
y = -0.0828x - 0.424
-6
-4
-2
0
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
JUL
y = -0.0073x - 2.4621
y = -0.0252x - 2.1605
-8
-4
0
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s-1)
AUG
y = -0.007x - 1.3995
y = 0.0297x - 3.6561
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08W
in
d S
tren
gth
(m
s
-1
)
SEP
y = -0.0061x - 0.7662
y = -0.0154x - 0.6297
-8
-4
0
4
19
60
19
63
19
66
19
69
19
72
19
75
19
78
19
81
19
84
19
87
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
Win
d S
tre
ng
th
(m
s
-1
)
OCT
y = -0.0091x - 0.6251
y = -0.1752x + 5.1267
-8
-4
0
4
8
1960
1963
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Win
d S
tren
gth
(m
s
-1
)
NOV
y = 0.0017x - 0.6524
y = -0.0829x + 2.1835
-8
-4
0
4
196
0
196
3
196
6
196
9
197
2
197
5
197
8
198
1
198
4
198
7
199
0
199
3
199
6
199
9
200
2
200
5
200
8
Win
d S
tren
gth
(m
s
-1
)
DEC
Fig. 9 Inter-annual monthly observed and linear adjusted northerly wind (v-wind) values in Southern-Algarve (S). January; February; March; April;May; June; July; August; September; October; November; December
Correction to: Northerly wind trends along the Portuguese marine coast since 1950 29
