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Atoms Molecule Cell Organelle Macromolecule

CELLULAR LEVEL

N H

O

N

C

H

O

C

0.2 µm 0.5 µm

O

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1

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Tissue Organ

100 µm

ORGANISMAL LEVEL

Organ system Organism

f: © Ed Reschke i: © Getty RF 2

Population Species

POPULATIONAL LEVEL

Community Ecosystem Biosphere

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3

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Sunlight at midday

Well

Height of obelisk

Distance between Cities = 800 km

Light rays parallel

a

Length of shadow

a

4

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Predictions

Question

Hypothesis 5

Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4

Experiment

Experiment

Potential hypotheses

Remaining possible hypotheses

Last remaining possible hypothesis

Hypothesis 1 Hypothesis 2 Hypothesis 3 Hypothesis 4 Hypothesis 5

Hypothesis 2 Hypothesis 3 Hypothesis 5

Observation

Modify hypothesis

Reject hypotheses 2 and 3

Reject hypotheses 1 and 4

Experiment 1

Predictions confirmed

5

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Woodpecker Finch (Cactospiza pallida) Large Ground Finch (Geospiza magnirostris) Cactus Finch (Geospiza scandens)

6

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Human Cat Bat Porpoise Horse

7

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Human Rhesus Dog

0 40 30 20 10 60 50 70 Number of Amino Acid Differences in a Hemoglobin Polypeptide

Frog Bird

8

9

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Bacteria

Archaea

Animalia

Fungi

Protista

Plantae

Eukarya

10