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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003 Cybernetics Is concerned with the study of feedback mechanisms in systems. Two types of feedback loops: –Negative, signals the system to restore the status quo –Positive, signals the need to modify the system. Both types result in homeostasis.
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
IV. Fundamental Concepts of Family
TherapyPower Point presentation prepared by
Leslie Barnes-Young, PhD, Francis Marion University
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
Systemic Concepts• Recall that systems theory holds
that many problems are a product of the relationships that surround them.
• The family is a system with characteristics of its own.
• The focus of investigation is on the interaction within and among systems and individuals.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
Cybernetics• Is concerned with the study of
feedback mechanisms in systems.
• Two types of feedback loops:– Negative, signals the system to
restore the status quo– Positive, signals the need to
modify the system.Both types result in homeostasis.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
Systemic Concepts cont.
• Circular causality– We mutually influence each other
via–• Patterns of Interaction
– Family members’ characteristic ways of behaving.
• Centrality of Communication– Patterns of interaction expressed
are both verbal and nonverbal.– “One cannot not communicate.”
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
Systemic Concepts cont.
• Rules– Define the family – May be overt or
covert• Boundaries
– Regulate the flow of information in and out of the system
• Triangles– A three-person
system– Theorists disagree
about their stability• Change
– 1st Order change is superficial.
– 2nd Order change alters the system.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
Family Life Cycle• Adopted my many family therapists.• Includes predictable life stages and emotional
issues beyond those described by individual models of development.
• Illustrates inherent family complexity.• Acknowledges the impact of multiple
generations on development.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2003
For more information on systemic concepts in family
therapy–
• http://www.oikos.org/baten.htm
