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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -1
Global/International Issues
“Sad but true, U.S. businesspeople have the lowest foreign language proficiency of any major trading nation. U.S. business schools do not emphasize foreign languages, and students traditionally avoid them.”
- Ronald Dulek
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -2
Global Issues
Global considerations impact virtually all strategic decisions
A world market has emerged It is difficult for a firm to survive
relying solely on domestic markets
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -3
Potential Advantages of International Operations Gain new customers Absorb excess capacity, reduce unit
costs, and spread economic risks Allow firms to establish low-cost
production facilities Competition may be less intense
than domestically
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -4
Potential Advantages of International Operations continued Reduced tariffs, lower taxes, and favorable political
treatment Joint ventures can enable firms to learn new
technology, culture, and business practices Joint ventures are commonplace in today’s business
environment Economies of scale Power and prestige in domestic markets may be
significantly enhanced
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -5
Potential Disadvantages of International Operations
Foreign operations could be seized Different and often little-understood social,
cultural, demographic, environmental, political, governmental, legal, technological, economic, and competitive forces
Weakness of competitors overestimated Different language, culture, and value systems Understanding of regional organizations needed Dealing with two or money systems
US Industry Challenged Abroad
Airline manufacturing Auto makers Tire manufacturers Clothing apparel Heavy Machinery
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -6
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -7
Changes in the Global Economy
Corporations are obtaining customers globally
Markets are shifting rapidly and converging in tastes, trends, and prices
Innovative transport systems are accelerating transfer of technology
Nature and location of production systems are shifting
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -8
Protectionism
Countries imposing tariffs, taxes, and regulations on firms outside the country to favor their own companies and people
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -9
Reasons for Global Expansion
Advancements in telecommunications
Growth in demand for goods and services outside the U.S. is considerably higher than inside
95% of the world's population lives outside the U.S.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -10
Globalization
Globalization: The process of doing business
worldwide
Global strategy includes considering global needs during Design Production Marketing
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -11
A Weak Economy
Recession Two consecutive quarters of a decline in
real gross domestic product Many countries have recently
experienced a recession Unemployment rates are high across
the U.S. and around the world
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -12
Cultural Differences
Time Space Family roles Religious factors Family time Values Eating Rules of etiquette Importance of relationships
US Business Men and Women
Get the idea that rushing off to another meeting can prove to be a valuable day
US place a great deal of value on time whereas many foreign businessmen and women place value on relationships
Americans usually soften up an individual before criticizing them
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -13
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -14
European Business Cultures
Participatory management Most workers are unionized More frequent vacations and holidays Guaranteed permanent employment
common Workers often resent pay for performance,
commissions, and objective measurement and reward systems
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -15
Asian Business Cultures
First names are not generally used in business
Extended periods of silence are important
A sale is the beginning, not the end of a relationship
Resting, listening, meditating, and thinking are considered productive
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -16
Mexican Business Culture
Low tolerance for adversarial relations or friction at work
Employers are paternalistic Workers do not expect self-expression or
initiative at work Businesses stress collectivism, continuity,
cooperation, belongingness, formality, and doing exactly what you are told
Rarely entertain business associates at homes
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -17
Mexican Business Culture continued
Preserving one’s honor, saving face, and looking important are valued
Opinions expressed by employees are often regarded as back talk
Supervisors are viewed as weak if they explain the rationale for their orders to workers
Mexicans often do not follow rules Life is slower in Mexico, tardiness is common
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -18
Japanese Business Culture
Importance of group loyalty and consensus called “Wa”
Constant discussion and compromise Silence is a plus in formal meetings When confronted with disturbing
questions, managers often remain silent Managers are reserved, quiet, distant,
introspective, and other oriented
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -19
Communication Differences Across Cultures Italians, Germans, and French do not soften
up executives with praise before a criticism Israelis are accustomed to fast paced
meetings British executives complain that Americans
chatter too much Europeans feel that they are being treated
like children when asked to wear nametags
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -20
Communication Differences Across Cultures continued Executives in India are used to
interrupting each other In Malaysia and Japan periods of silence
are appropriate, no silence is needed in Israel
“How was your weekend?” is considered intrusive by many business people
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -21
Worldwide Tax Rates
See Table 11.3
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Ch 11 -22
India
Debt is 80% of GDP Gap between rich and poor
widening Middle class is growing