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Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Chapter 25
The Physical Examination
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Methods of Examination
• Observation or inspection– General health
– Posture
– Body movements
– Skin
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Methods of Examination
• Observation or inspection– Mannerisms
– Care in grooming
– Body symmetry and contour
– Skin rashes and color
– Deformities
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Methods of Examination
• Palpation– Examination of body using
touch
– Abdominal masses
– Skin texture, moisture, and temperature
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Methods of Examination
• Percussion– Eliciting sounds from body by tapping
– Vibrations and sounds from underlying organs and cavities
– Presence of air or solid material
– Dull and hollow sounds
– Direct and indirect methods
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Methods of Examination
• Auscultation– Listening directly to body
sounds
– The physician normally uses stethoscope
– Lungs, heart, abdomen, bowels
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Methods of Examination
• Mensuration– Measuring process
– Height, weight, length of limb, amount of flexion and extension, and so on
– Use of tape measure
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Methods of Examination
• Manipulation– Checks degree of flexion and extension of joints
– Range of motion of joints
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Examination Positions
• Supine (horizontal recumbent)
• Dorsal recumbent
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Examination Positions
• Lithotomy
• Semi-Fowler’s
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Examination Positions
• High-Fowler’s
• Prone
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Examination Positions
• Sims’ (lateral) >>
• Trendelenberg
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Equipment and Suppliesfor a Physical Exam
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Basic Components of aRoutine Physical Examination
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Basic Components of aRoutine Physical Examination
• Patient appearance• Gait• Stature• Posture• Body movements
• Speech• Breath odors• Nutrition• Skin and appendages