Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 37 Plumbing

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Unit 37

Plumbing


Introduction

• Plumbing: installing and repairing pipe and fixtures

• Pipe: rigid tube like material

• Fitting: a part used to connect pieces of pipe, or other objects, to pipe

• Tubing: pipe that is flexible enough to bend


Tools

• Useful plumbing tools– Bench yoke vise – Taps

– Chain vise – Dies

– Chain wrench – Ratchet die stock

– Hacksaw – Flaring tool and block

– File

– Pipe cutter

– Reamer

– Tubing cutter


Identifying Pipe

• Common pipe sizes: 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1-1/4, 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 inches

• Steel pipe: purchased as black or galvanized– galvanized resists rust

• Copper: referred to as tubing; often used for water lines– purchased in soft or rigid form– available in types K, L, and M

• Plastic: easiest to install; often used in water systems


Pipe Fittings

• Adaptors: connect pipes of different types• Bushings and reducers: connect pipes of

different sizes• Elbow, ell, tee, and Y: connect pipes coming

from different directions• Coupling and union: connect similar pipes• Plug: closes a fitting• Cap: closes a pipe


Water Systems• Caution! Certain types of water may react with certain

pipe materials• Faucets: used to manually control water flow; may

need occasional tightening or replacement of O rings– Basic parts: handle, stem, packing nut, packing

bonnet, washer, washer screw, seat, body• Float valve assemblies: used to automatically control

water flow; may need tightening of the nut or replacement of gasket– Basic parts: body, diaphragm, washer valve, float


Water Systems (continued)

• Flush valves: control water used in flushing processes; may need to flip the trip lever, clean parts, or replace

• Often do not seat properly, thereby allowing water to flow continuously


Septic Systems

• Accommodates human waste, toilet paper, and shredded garbage from a disposal

• System: solids decompose and settle in septic tank; water flows to distribution box and onto field drains, wells, or through gravel beds

• Urban systems usually connected to a street sewer line that feeds into a municipal sewerage treatment plant

• Maintenance—remove sludge periodically• Keep away from water well


Important Terms• Nominal: identifying• ID: inside diameter• OD: outside diameter• Black pipe: steel pipe painted black, has little

resistance to rusting• Galvanized pipe: steel pipe coated with zinc,

resists rust• Standard pipe: steel pipe• Diaphragm: flat piece of rubber that creates a seal

between a moving part and a nonmoving part


Important Terms (continued)

• Extra heavy or double extra heavy: steel pipe with thicker walls

• Compression fitting: grips pipe by compressing a special collar with a threaded nut

• Plastic pipe: all pipe made from synthetic material• Nipple: short piece of pipe• Pipe dope or teflon tape: used to make a watertight seal• Faucet: controls water flow from pipe or container


Important Terms (continued)

• Valve: controls water flow in a pipe• O ring: piece of rubber that fits into a groove on a

shaft or in a housing• Packing: soft, slippery, wear-resistant material• Faucet washer: rubberlike part that creates a seal

when pressed against a metal seat• Seat: nonmoving part that is designed to seal

when a moving part is pressed against it• Aerators: mix air with water as it comes from the

faucet to create a smooth stream

Documents

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 37 Plumbing