Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. Chapter 15 Program Development and Evaluation

Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.

Chapter 15

Program Development and Evaluation


2

Program Development

• Program development is the alignment of activities to meet an intended purpose


3

Program Development

• Program planning– Concept of program development– Requires

• Assessment and identification of a need• Diagnosis of the need


4

Program Development

• Planning a strategic action plan– Implement the plan– Evaluate the plan


5

Program Development

• Frameworks in program development– Pollack (1994) pre-start up plan

• Mission statement clarification• Stakeholder analysis• Problem identification, strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities, threats


6

Framework for Planning Process in Program Development

• Nutt (1984) identified planning steps – Formulating– Conceptualizing– Detailing– Evaluating– Implementing


7

Framework for Planning Process in Program Development

• Witkin and Altschuld (1995) developed a three phase plan for assessing– Pre-assessment– Main assessment– Post-assessment


8

Role of Economic Analysis

• Informs decision makers

• Does not tell decision maker if increased expenditure is worthwhile

• Not always available


9

Economic Analysis

• Five types of economic analysis:1. Cost minimization analysis (CMA)

2. Cost consequence analysis (CCA)

3. Cost effectiveness analyses (CEA)

4. Cost utility analysis (CUA)

5. Cost benefit analysis (CBA)


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Economic Analysis

• Three methods of valuation: 1. Discounting

2. Externalities

3. Intangibles


11

Program Evaluation

• Measures the implementation and outcomes of a program– Can be periodic assessment or on-going

• Program components– Program objectives– Program outputs– Program effects


12

Phases and Steps in Evaluation

• Identifying program objectives

• Selecting or creating measures of impacts

• Collecting data

• Interpreting data

• Disseminating the evaluation information


13

Evaluation and Program Manager

• Manager steps– Determine purpose of evaluation– Consider pros and cons

• Evaluator steps– Identify the purpose, objectives– Design rigorous evaluation


14

Planning/Implementing Practical Program Evaluation

• Six steps taken in any evaluation:1. Engage stakeholders

2. Describe public health program

3. Focus evaluation design

4. Gather credible evidence

5. Justify program evaluation conclusions

6. Ensure use of evaluation and share lessons learned


15

Theoretical Foundations

• Program Theory– Model I Logic models

• Program processes– Formative evaluation– Summative evaluation


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Model II

• Precede-Proceed Framework– P-predisposing– R-reinforcing– E-enabling – Constructs in– Education/environment– Diagnosis– Evaluation


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Model II

• Proceed– P-policy– R-regulatory– O-organizational– Constructs in – Educational– Environmental – Development


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Model II

• Precede-Proceed Model– Integrates evaluation, planning, and program

planning


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Model III

• Diffusion of innovations theory– Characteristics

• Takes an extended period of time• People go through stages• Some adopt innovations quickly, others may wait

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Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. Chapter 15 Program Development and Evaluation