Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Challenges of Global Health

Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved.

Chapter 9

Challenges of Global Health


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Global Health

• World comprised of more than 200 nations and 6.4 billion people

• 10 million children under age 5 die each year from preventable diseases

• 580,000 women die each year due to maternal health-related problems


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Global Health

• Health – Social, economic, political issue, and a

fundamental human right

• Globalization – Process of increasing economic, political, and

social independence across boundaries


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Global Nursing Shortage

• Shortage of nurses is a worldwide problem

• Nurses are migrating to richer countries


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Global Nursing Shortage

• U.S. nurses face the following: – Stressful work environment– Unsafe work conditions

• Mandatory overtime

– Increased number of acutely ill– Burnout


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Global Perspective

• Public health nurses need to understand concept of one world – Focus on local community and global

situation– Understand treaties and declarations that

impact global communities


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Global Perspective

• “Health For All” (WHO)– Developed more than 20 years ago– Called for “Health For All” by 2000


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Global Perspective

• People’s Health Assembly (WHO)– Purpose:

• Create a global, multi-sect group of caring people from all nations

– Governments failed to invest sufficient resources


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Global Perspective

• Corporate Globalization– People’s Charter for Health – People’s Health Movement


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Human Rights and Public Health Nursing

• American Public Health Association– Approved a set of principles on public health

and human rights• All are equal in dignity and rights• Entitled to enjoyment of rights without

discrimination


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• Highest standard of health requires respect for all human rights– Right to health and access to culturally

competent care– Rights must not be sacrificed to achieve

public health goals, except in extraordinary circumstance


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• Active collaboration of public health and human rights workers is necessary to advance purpose


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• United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)– Consisted of 30 articles– Recognized every person’s right to equal

dignity


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• Article 25 most important to public health nurses– All people have the right to a standard of

living adequate for the health and well-being of an individual and their family

– Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance


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• United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights– Negative Rights

• United Nations Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights– Positive Rights


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MillenniumDevelopment Goals

• UN sponsored– Represents 189 countries’ pledge to do the

following by 2015:• Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty • Universal education for boys and girls• Promote gender equality


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MillenniumDevelopment Goals

• Reduce child mortality– Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other

diseases– Ensure environmental sustainability– Global partnership


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Millennium Development Goals Progress

• UN evaluated in 2005– Little progress made

• U.S. far from goals– Rank 11th for children living in poverty– Rank 16th for living standards among poorest

of children


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Millennium Development Goals Progress

• U.S. far from goals– Rank 16th in getting children out of poverty – Rank last in protection against gun violence– Rank 18th in the income gap between poor

and rich children– Rank 21st in 8th grade math scores


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Public Health Nurses Response

• Need to go beyond their boundaries

• Develop a global perspective

• Become politically active at all levels


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Public Health Nurses Response

• Need to increase their knowledge base regarding:– Public policy

• International treaties

– Social and economic standing

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Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Challenges of Global Health