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7/29/2019 Copy of Wide Area Blackout
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SEMINAR
PRESENTATION
ON
WIDEAREA BLACKOUT(AN ELECTRICAL DISASTER)
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Contents
1) Introduction
2) What is blackout?
3) July2012 India blackout
4) Why Blackout?5) Preventing blackout
6) SynchrophasorMonitoring
7) Fact Devices8) Distributed generation
9) Why it is a disaster?
10)Conclusion
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(1)Introduction
Security of a power system is affected by
three factors:
Characteristics of the physical system:
the integrated generation, transmission and
distribution system
protection and control systems
Business structures of owning andoperating entities
The regulatory framework
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(2)What is a blackout?
A blackout refers to the total loss of power toan area and is the most severe form of poweroutage that can occur in a power system.
Blackouts which results in power stationstripping are particularly difficult to recoverquickly.
Outages may last from a few minutes to afew weeks depending on
the nature of the blackout and
the configuration of the electrical network
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(3)July 2012 India blackout
Largest power outagein history
Occurred as twoseparate events on 30and 31 July 2012
Affected over 620million people, half ofIndia's population
Spread across 22states in Northern,Eastern, andNortheast India.
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(4)Reasons behind July Blackout
Weak inter-regional powertransmission corridors dueto multiple existing outages
High Loading on 400 kV
Bina-Gwalior-Agra link. Inadequate response by
SLDCs to the instructions of(RLDCs) to reduce overdrawby the Northern Regionutilities andunderdrawal/excessgeneration by the WesternRegion utilities.
Loss of 400 kV Bina-Gwaliorlink due to mis-operation of
its protection system.
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Angular Separation between NR and Grid
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(5)Preventing blackouts
Long Term plans:
Adequatetransmission access
to load centers Sufficient generation
Dynamic simulation
Distributedgeneration
Short Term plans:
Implementation ofspecial protection
schemes
Proper use of FACTdevices
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(6)Synchrophasor Monitoring
Most monitoring of thegrid is based on non-simultaneous averagevalues .
Monitoring of linevoltage phase angles(phasors) can fill thatgap, providing the
instantaneousmeasurement ofelectrical magnitudesand angles.
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Use of phasor measurements
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Dynamic Security Assessment(DSA)
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(7)FACT devices
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(8)Distributed Generations
Use wind turbines,Solar arrays,Geothermal, Streamturbine from a small
local stream, Wave,Tidal energy
Offer significanteconomic,
environmental andsecurity benefits
Small, modular, locatednear load site
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Preventing blackouts summary
Good design and operatingpractices could minimize theoccurrence and impact ofwidespread outages
Reliability criteria
Robust stability controls
Coordinated emergencycontrols
Real-time system
monitoring and control Need for a single entity with
overall responsibility forsecurity of entireinterconnected system
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Why blackout is a disaster??
Electric power: Essential resource of
national security
It affects : finance,transportation,food andwater supply, health and welfare,communications, research, heating,cooling, lighting, computer and electronics,
industries, commercial enterpriseandmany more
Impact on grid and public life is
countless
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(10)Conclusion
Will there be ablackoutin future???
Engineers tend to learn from the past
... but systems are usually prepared to thelast (rather than future) war
Improvements in communications and
coordination in SLDC,RLDC andgenerating stations
... but new challenges are looking ahead
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REFERENCES:
I. http://www.powermin.nic.in August 2012
II. http://wikipedia.org/India_blackouts
III. ieee.org
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