860 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1984) 31 (12)

84:6023 Enting, I.G. and G.I. Pearman, 1983. Refinements to

a one-dimensional carbon cycle model. CSIRO Div. atmos. Res. tech. Pap., 3:35pp.

Refinements to the 1-D model of global carbon cycling developed at CSIRO, Australia, are pre- sented; of primary importance is the use of tech- niques based on constrained inversion in calibrating carbon cycle models. Present geophysical knowledge 'is generally consistent with...observations of the carbon cycle.' (bwt)

84:6024 Howarth, R.W. and Susan Merkel, 1984. Pyrite

formation and the measurement of sulfate reduc- tion in salt marsh sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29(3):598-608.

A new method was used to study the formation of pyrite plus elemental S during 35SO4 reduction experiments: the reduction with chromium(II) of pyrite and elemental S to hydrogen sulfide. It is both more specific and more sensitive than our previous method, the oxidation of pyrite and elemental S to sulfate by aqua regia, which measures the formation of refractory organic S compounds as well as pyrite and elemental S. The methods compared very well in salt marsh sediments in Georgia and Massachusetts. The chromium(II) reduction method, combined with our previous results, conclusively shows that pyrite is the major product of 35SO4 reduction measurements in these sediments. The agreement between the methods indicates that the formation of 35S-labeled, refractory organic matter is a minor process if it occurs at all. Failure to explicitly measure the formation of 35S-labeled pyrite can result in the rate of sulfate reduction being underestimated by 2- to 10-fold or more. Ecosystems Center, MBL, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA.

84:6025 Jeng, Woei-Lih, 1983. Pristane and phytane in marine

sediments. Acta oceanogr, taiwan., 14:1-8.

Concentrations were determined by gas-liquid chro- matography. Levels of these two alkanes in coral, mariculture and offshore areas generally felt in the range of 0-1 ng/g indicative of unpolluted baseline values. High concentrations of pristane (_<417 ng/g) and phytane (_<65 ng/g) found in the commercial harbor sediments can be attributed to fossil hydro- carbon contamination. Inst. of Oceanogr., Natl. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan.

84:6026 Jenkins, M.C. and W.M. Kemp, 1984. The coupling

of nitrification and denitrification in two estuarine sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29(3):609-619.

A close coupling of the two processes was demon- strated in the Patuxent River estuary in spring: >99% of the added ~SNH 4 which was oxidized to IsNO 3 was subsequently reduced to ~SN-labeled N 2 during 48-h incubations. In contrast, this coupled nitrification-denitrification was decreased by two orders of magnitude in the summer. This pattern of sharply seasonal nitrification was corroborated with measurements of bacterial relative abundance. In- direct evidence suggests low redox conditions (and reduced 02 concentrations) as the possible cause of decreased summertime nitrification. Estimated springtime rates of about 77-89/~mol N m ~h -t are similar to previously reported values for denitri- fication supported by NO 3 diffusion from overlying water to coastal sediments. Kemp: Univ. of Mary- land, Horn Point Environ. Lab., P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, Md. 21613, USA.

84:6027 Lan, Shihou, Xianfen Qiao and Jianyun Lin, 1984.

Distribution and behaviour of dissolved alumin- ium and fluoride in the Jiniong River Estuary IChiual. Taiwan Strait, 3(1):36-43. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Third Inst. of Oceanogr., Natl. Bur. of Oceanogr., People's Republic of China.

Li, 84:6028

Jing, Minxiu Zhang, Chao Xu, Chongli He, Jiayi Zhou and Wanying Qian, 1981. Marine envi- ronmental geochemistry: speciation of arsenic in surface seawater of Jiaozhou Bay. J. Shandong Coll. Oceanol., 11(3):32-38. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Dept. of Mar. Chem., Shandong Coll. of Oceanol., People's Republic of China.

84:6029 Hallberg, Rolf and Magnus LindstrOm, 1981/82.

Transformation of iron in aquatic environments. Stockh. Contr. Geol., 37:67-78.

Formation of the primary iron sulfides and their transformation into pyrite are discussed. Experi- mental data on seasonal variations of the stability of ferric iron compounds in the uppermost sediments of the Baltic Sea are presented and explained. Some examples are given of iron minerals as indicators of past aquatic environments. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Stockholm, Box 6801, S-11386 Stockholm, Sweden.

84:6030 Prahl, F.G., G. Eglinton, E.D.S. Corner and S.C.M.

O'Hara, 1984. Copepod fecal pellets as a source of dthydrophytol in marine sediments. Science, 224(4654): 1235-1237.

Phytol is an important and abundant algal lipid. It has been suggested that dihydrophytol is formed by

OLR (1984)31 (12) C. Chemical Oceanography 861

microbial reduction of phytol in anoxic sediments, but direct input in fecal pellets of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus is shown here. Dihydrophytol was identified in the non-saponifiable lipid of fecal pellets from copepods fed a unialgal diet in the laboratory; thus in-situ microbial production is not a requirement for the presence of this compound. Organic Chem. Unit, Univ. of Bristol Sch. of Chem., Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 ITS, UK. (bwt)

84:6031 Sorensen, Jan, D.J. Hydes and T.R.S. Wilson, 1984.

Denitriflcation in a deep-sea sediment core from the eastern equatorial Atlantic. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29(3):653-657.

Shipboard measurements of denitrification were made using an acetylene inhibition technique. Undisturbed subcores were incubated for 1-9 days at 4°C in a N2:C2H2 atmosphere (9:1 mixture by volume, 1 atm) and denitrification rates were determined from the observed accumulation of N20. In contrast to the predictions of several recent models, no denitrification activity was observed in the region directly beneath the nitrate maximum. However, activity was concentrated lower in the sediment at a depth coincident with an organic-rich layer. Inst. of Ecol. and Genet., Univ. of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

84:6032 Verlenear, X.N., S.Y.S. Singbal and A.H. Parulekar,

1983. Biochemical components of the benthic regions in Antarctic waters. In: Scientific Report of First Indian Expedition to Antarctica. Tech- nical Publication No. 1; Department of Ocean Development, New Delhi, India; pp. 219-223.

The C, N and P contents of Antarctic shelf and deep sea sediments are comparable to those found in regions of the Pacific and the Arabian Sea. Rich planktonic fauna in the overlying waters as well as glacial deposits seem to be responsible for fluctu- ations of the carbohydrate content of the organic matter. However, benthic biomass does not seem to be related to sediment organic content. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.

84:6033 Zhang, Shisan, 1984. The Mg/Ai ratio in the

sediment of the Xiamen Harbour and the Jiulong River Estuary [China l. Taiwan Strait, 3(1):44-49. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Third Inst. of Oceanogr., Natl. Bur. of Oceanogr., People's Republic of China.

C 2 1 0 , P o l l u t i o n (see also B350--Atmospheric pollution, C l l0 -Rad ioac t iv i ty , radioiso- topes, E300--Effects of pollution, F250- Waste disposal)

84:6034 Abaychi, J.K., 1984. Background levels of petroleum

hydrocarbons in Shatt al-Arnb River and the northwestern region of the Arabian Gulf. In: Fate and fluxes of oil pollutants in the KAP region. Symposium, Marine Science Center, Basrah, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press.

Background levels of hydrocarbons were measured in waters and sediments using a spectrofluorometer. All stations showed some pollution; hydrocarbon concentrations depended on the distance from the pollution source. All concentrations were within the range obtained for similar areas in the world. Mar. Sci. Centre, Univ. of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

84:6035 Abul Raheem, M.Y., 1984. Chemical monitoring of

oil spills in the marine environment. In: Fate and fluxes of oil pollutants in the KAP region. Symposium, Marine Science Center, Basrah, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press.

Following the Nawruz oil spill, hydrocarbon moni- toring activities included determinations of total hydrocarbons in the surface microlayer of offshore waters and total aromatic hydrocarbons in the water column and in guts and gills of fish of commercial value. Tar bails were fingerprinted by their fluo- rescence contours and U/Ni ratios. Environ. Prot. Dept., Min. of Health, Kuwait. (mjj)

84:6036 A1-Kassab, Layth, 1984. Calculation of sizes and

areas of oil slicks resulting from the Nawroz oil spill. In: Fate and fluxes of oil pollutants in the KAP region. Symposium, Marine Science Cen- ter, Basrala, Iraq. DouAbul, A.A.Z., organizer; in press.

The volumes and areas of oil slicks resulting from several well blow-outs in the Nawruz Oil Field have been calculated using the theory of steady state condition or half-life time concept and the theory of degradation due to the effect of environmental factors on oil. Three steady state oil slicks existed with a total area of 1.74 km 2. The total area of scattered oil slicks 50-70 km away from the oil field was approximately 12 kmL Civil Engng. Dept., Univ. of Baghdad, Iraq.