Coordinated Community Response (CCR) Team Activities · Wisconsin Sexual Assault & Domestic Violence CCR Toolkit 2nd Edition, 2016 42 An excellent resource on understanding the neurobiology

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FacilitationandParticipationwithaTrauma‐InformedFramework

Trauma‐InformedApproach Havingatrauma‐informedapproachisanongoingpractice,notsomethingthatyoucanputonyourlistofthingstodoandcheckoff.Thebasisofatrauma‐informedapproachrequiresashiftinthinking.Onemustlookatasituationandconsider“whathashappenedtothispersontohavethembehave/respond/actthisway?”ratherthan“whatiswrongwiththisperson?”.Ashiftinthinkingneedstobeintentional.WhenfacilitatingaCoordinatedCommunityResponse(CCR)teamorparticipatingonateam,itisimperativetohavethistypeofframeworkasyourfoundationtoensureavictim‐centeredapproach.

Theimpactoftraumalooksdifferentforeachindividual;therefore,youmaynotunderstandwhysomeonehasrespondedorbehavedinacertainway.Itisnotyourresponsibilitytoknowthis,butrathertounderstandtheimpactoftraumaandthattraumaaffectseachpersondifferently. Eachteammemberhavingabasicunderstandingtheneurobiologicalresponsetotraumamayencourageatrauma‐informedapproachwithintheteam. Stayingcenteredwithinyourteamandremindingeachmembertolookatthesituationwithatrauma‐informedlenswillnotonlyadvancetheteam,butcancontributetomorehelpfulresponsestovictims.Whenpractitionersactinatrauma‐informedway,thepersoninfrontofthemwillfeelvalidatedandunderstood,enhancingtheirhealingprocessanddecreasingtheirfearofinvolving“systems”intheirlives,whichmaycontributetoadditionalopportunitiesforholdingperpetratorsaccountable.HavinganunderstandingoftheimpactoftraumaonindividualsmayenhanceinteractionswithcolleaguesandmembersofyourCCRteam.Weallexperiencesituationsthatthrowusoffbalance,impactingthewaythatweshowuptowork.Forexample,perhapsthepoliceofficeratyourCCRmeetingjustcamefromadomesticsituationwheres/hewasthreatenedbytheoffender.It'slogicalthatexperiencingsuchaneventwouldimpacthowtheofficershowsuptothemeeting.Ifyoucanbeattunedtothefactthateveryoneexperiencespersonalandprofessionalsituationsthatinhibittheirabilitytobetheirbestself,youwillbegintodevelopalevelofempathyandunderstandingthatwillbenefityou,yourteam,andultimatelyvictimsthatyouareserving.

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An excellent resource on understanding the neurobiology of trauma presented by Dr. Rebecca

Campbell is listed here: http://www.nij.gov/multimedia/presenter/presenter-

campbell/Pages/welcome.aspx .

Another webinar on this topic features Olga Trujillo, a survivor, author and attorney who speaks

on issues related to domestic violence and sexual assault:

http://wcadv.net/Webinars/Neurobiology_of_Trauma-031215

http://www.nij.gov/multimedia/presenter/presenter-campbell/Pages/welcome.aspx

http://www.nij.gov/multimedia/presenter/presenter-campbell/Pages/welcome.aspx

http://wcadv.net/Webinars/Neurobiology_of_Trauma-031215


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DataCollectionandAnalysisSurveyingYourCommunityPartnersabouttheOccurrenceofDomesticViolence(DV)andSexualAssault(SA)

Beforeanychangecanbesuccessfullyimplemented,therefirstneedstobeaclearunderstandingoftheprevalenceoftheproblem.GatheringdatafromcommunitypartnerscanhelptodemonstratetheneedforaCoordinatedCommunityResponse.Itcanalsobehelpfulforcompilingacomprehensivelistofresourcesavailableinyourcommunityforvictimsofdomesticviolenceand/orsexualassaultandhighlightinggapsincommunityresources.Relevantdatatogathermaybe:

NumberofDV/SA‐relatedcallstolawenforcement NumberofDV/SAcasesreferredtotheDistrictAttorney’soffice Percentageofcasesprosecutedvs.chargesdismissed Percentageofjurytrialforthoseprosecuted Percentageofconvictionsofthoseprosecuted Percentageofdomesticabuseandharassmentinjunctionsgrantedvs.denied NumberofSANEexamsprovided NumberofcasesreferredtoChildProtectiveServicesthatcontainedanelementofDV Knowledgeoftheprograms/servicesthattheDV/SAorganizationprovides,andhowto

accessthem Knowledgeoftheimpactoftrauma Whetherornoteachorganization/agencyhasaworkplacepolicyonDV Theco‐occurrenceofhomelessnessanddomesticviolencevictimization PercentageofperpetratorsofDV/SAthatcompletesexoffenderorbatterer’streatment

TeamActivityOnthenextpage,youwillfindasampleactivityoninteragencydataanalysisthatcanbefacilitatedwithyourteam.Afictitioussamplecommunity,withasamplestoryandsampledata,werecreatedforthisactivity.Thistypeofdata,however,canbecollectedinyourcommunityandanalyzedusingthesamequestionsprovided.


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SampleCountySARTMeeting–InteragencyDataAnalysisSampleCounty,WisconsinCountyPopulation:100,000

Background

SampleCountyorganizedaSexualAssaultResponseTeam(SART)in2011.Advocacy,LawEnforcement,andtheDistrictAttorney’sOfficeweretheoriginalthreedisciplinesatthetable.EstablishingaSexualAssaultNurseExaminer(SANE)Programintheircountywasoneoftheirfirstgoals.TheSANEProgrambeganoperatingatalocalhospitalinthebeginningof2013.ThisteamhasbeenworkingoverthepastseveralyearstoactivatetheirSARTthroughunderstandinghowtraumaimpactstheirwork,buildingrelationships,establishingbestpracticeprotocolsforacoordinatedvictimcenteredandoffenderfocusedresponse,andevaluatingeffectiveness.TheSampleCountySARTLeadershipTeamhascollectedandcompileddatafromeachagencyfromthepastthreeyears.DiscussionQuestionsReviewthedatathathasbeenprovidedbyeachdisciplineforthepastthreeyears.Togetherasateam,discussthefollowingquestions:

Thinkingaboutthedataoverall,whatmostgotyourattention? Whatsurprisesyou?Whatconcernsyou? Whoareyouserving?WhoareyouNOTserving? Whatdoesthedatashowyouabouttherelationshipbetweenthefourcommunityagencies

andhowtheyareworking(ornotworking)together? Whatemergingtrendsdoyousee? Whatappeartobekeyissuesorproblemareas?Whatappearstobesuccessful? Whatarethenumbersthatyouwanttoknowmoreabout?What,specifically,doyouwant

toknow? Whatquestionsdoyouhaveaboutterminology/languageusedacrossdisciplines? Whatwouldyouliketoseeherethatismissing? How,specifically,isthisinformationhelpfultoyourteam? Whatimplicationsofthedataforyourwork,yourprotocols,andyourpractices? Whatmightbepossiblenextsteps?

Questionsfrom:AreWeMakingaDifference?SexualAssaultResponseTeamsAssessingSystemsChange:AResourceforMultidisciplinaryTeamLeadership.MinnesotaCoalitionAgainstSexualAssault‐SexualViolenceJusticeInstitute.


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SampleData

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CommunityMappingCommunitymappingisaprocessthatcanbeusefultojumpstartaCCRthathasbeenstagnant,orfornewlydevelopedteamstobegindefininghowtheywillworktogether.Theexerciseaimstoaccomplishthefollowing:

Clarifytherolesandresponsibilitiesofeachagencyandhowtheyinteractwithvictimsandoffenders

Identifyacontinuumofservicesthatisneededforpeoplewhohaveexperiencedsexualassaultand/ordomesticviolence

Clarifytheprocessforhowagenciesmakereferralstoeachotheroridentifygapsinthisprocessifreferralsarenotbeingmadefromagencytoagency

Clearlyidentifythestrengths,challengesandgapsthatexistincommunityservicesforpeoplewhohaveexperiencedsexualassaultand/ordomesticviolence

Participatinginthisexerciselendsitselftothedeepeningofinteragencyrelationships,andcanfosterasharedcommitmentforworkingtogethertoaddresssexualassaultanddomesticviolence.Italsoprovidesanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutyourcollaborativepartners’procedures,askquestionsandtogetheridentifywhereyoucouldbetterassisteachotherandenhancethecommunity’sresponseandservicesforvictims.Inorderforthisexercisetohavethemostbenefit,anatmosphereofrespectfulcommunicationandtrustiskey.Itisrecommendedthatguidelinestailoredtoyourgroupareidentifiedandputforthpriortoengagingincommunitymappingtopromoteasafespaceforopendialogue.Whatyouwillneed:

Ideallytwofacilitators–onetorecordthe“map”ofcommunityservices,andonetorecordthestrengths,challenges,gapsandopportunities.Itishelpfulbutnotnecessaryforthefacilitatorstobeexternaltotheteam.Externalfacilitatorsareabletoaskquestionsofteammembersthatmaybeuncomfortableforpeopletoaskofthecommunitypartnersthattheyworkwithonanongoingbasis.

Flipchart,markers,handoutsforparticipants(scenario,groundrules,descriptionofthemappingprocess,sampledocuments)

Time!Don’trush!Setasideafewmeetingstocompletetheactivity(moreorlessdependingonhowlargeyourteamis–planon30‐45minutesperagencymapped)


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TheCommunityMappingProcessTheactivitybeginsbythefacilitatorreadingascenarioofdomesticviolenceand/orsexualassault.Eachagencyaroundthetabletakesturnsdescribing,step‐by‐step,howtheywouldprocessthroughthecase.Oneagencyismappedatatime.Theactivityflowsbestifyoustartwithwherevictimsoftenfirstencountertheservicesysteminyourcommunity(typicallylawenforcement,healthcare,advocacyservices),andproceedwithmappingthecasechronologically.Thefacilitatorslistenforresponsestothefollowingquestions,whichleadstoidentificationofthecommunity’sstrengths,gaps,challengesandopportunities.

Howdoesavictimpresentforservices?Howdopeopletypicallygetreferred? Whowouldavictiminitiallytalkto?Whatdoestheinitialconversationlooklike?Then

whathappens? Atwhatpointandinwhatwayareothercommunitypartnersbroughtinwhenresponding

toacase?(i.e.,whenandhowarereferralsmade?) Whenisacaseclosedorwhendoesitmovefromoneprogram/persontoanother

program/person?Whatisthetimeframeforacasemovingthroughthesystem? Whatpolicies,procedures,laws,etc.guideyourresponseandtheactionyoutake? Howdoesonequalifyforyourservices?Whatareyourserviceparameters? Whatdoesyourorganizationdoreallywell?Whatisyourorganization’sbiggestchallenge?

Thefollowingpagescontainexamplesofcommunitymappingdocuments:

DV/SAscenarioformappingandgroundrules Lawenforcement“map” Listofstrengths,challenges,gapsandopportunities


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SampleScenarioforCommunityMappingExercise

TomandSandyhadbeendatingonandoffforover2years,butSandyhadrecentlybrokenthingsoff“forgood”.ThereisahistoryofdomesticviolenceintheirrelationshipwhichledtoSandyfilingforarestrainingorder.However,ashorttimeafterthetemporaryorderwasgrantedSandywrotealettertothejudgeaskingtostoptheprocessbecauseshenolongerfelttheneedforthisprotectionandreallymissedTomasafriend.TomandSandycontinuedtoremainfriendsandTomwouldcomeovertoSandy’shousetohelpheroutwithworkaroundthehouseandtobeamalefiguretoher10‐year‐oldson.Onenight,TomcameoverfordinnerandafterSandy’ssonhadgonetobedhetoldSandyhewantedtohavesexwithheronelasttime.Sandysaidshedidnotwantthattypeofrelationshipwithhimanylonger,butTomcontinuedtopressureherandbecamemoreandmoredemandingeachtimeshesaidno.AsTombecamemoreagitatedthroughouttheevening,SandystartedtobecomefearfulofTomandworriedthathersonwouldwakeupandwitnessanotherincidentofphysicalabuse.Eventually,TomforcedSandytohavesexandsheofferednophysicalresistance.ThenextdayatworkSandywasquietandavoidedcontactwithherco‐workers.Duringthelunchhour,oneofSandy’sco‐workersfoundhercryinginthebathroom.Whenherco‐workeraskedherwhatwaswrong,Sandysobbedandsaidshefeltsodirtyinside.EventuallySandytoldherco‐workerthatsheandTomhad“hadsex”andshewasfeelingsohumiliatedfromtheexperience.

SampleGroundRules

1. Refrainfromjudgingyourcommunitypartnersabouttheirprocess(es)

2. Nocriticismofwhatanotheragencydoesandtheprocedurestheyuse

3. Askquestions!

4. Behonestaboutyouragency’schallengeswhenworkingwithdomesticviolencevictims

5. Anyothers?


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Dispatchgetsinfo‐ names,weapons,ambulance

needed?

2officersaredispatched(shift/situationdependent),ifsuspectnotonscene,mayneedoneofficeroutlooking

Makecontactwithvictim‐medicalattentionneeded?Uselanguagelineifneeded

Askwhoisinhouse,ifweaponsinhouse

Ifsuspectisthere,seperatepartiesandconductinformal

interviewswithboth

Assesswhoisprimaryaggressorandifmandatoryarrestcriteriaaremet

GothroughDVpaperwork(72hr.nocontact,charging

conference,photosofinjuries,advocacyprogramcontactedandinformationprovided).Wouldliketogetawrittenstatement,butitdoesn'talwayshappen.

Ifsuspectnotthere,putoutATLonJoe.Requestwarrant

ifnotfound.

Radiotootherofficeronscenere:decisiontoarrest

Askabout/confiscateweaponsattimeofarrest

andstoreatpolicedepartment

IfJoenotfound,askifvictimhassafeplacetostay‐ family,

friends?

Ifsuspectisincustody,reportiswrittenbeforeendofshift(andoftenevenifnot

incustody)

LawEnforcementMap–EXAMPLE


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Strengths,Challenges,GapsandOpportunities–EXAMPLEStrengthsThisisworkingwell.WhenrespondingtoDV/SAvictimsthisisviewedasastrengthinSampleCounty.

Goodcollaborationswithotherorganizationsanddepartments–specifically,courtpersonnel

Groupsareofferedinjuveniledetentionforboysandgirls Thoughtfulphysicalsetupofspace,meetingrooms,etc.forsafety Extensivemulti‐levelscreeningforsafetyissuesinmediation Strongeffortismadetoconnectpeopletoadvocacycenter LEtakesweaponsforsafekeepinguntiljudgedecidesotherwise Schoolpoliceliaisonsatmiddleandhighschool Consistentcommissionerhearsrequeststomodify/dropROs Securitymeasurestakenwhenvictim/perpetratorshowupforhearing

ChallengesExistsbutisn'tworkingaswellasitcouldbe.Whenrespondingtovictims,asacommunitywearefacedwiththesechallenges.

Batterersorderedtoangermanagement–impactshowtheyareabletopresentincourt Conditionsofbondaremisinterpreted/confusedwithinjunctions Childsupportofficenotinformedofconditionsofbond On‐callsupervisorrotatesinCPS(canhavevaryinglevelsofknowledgeofCPSprocess&

DV) Navigatingconfidentiality(betweenadvocacycenterandothercommunitypartners) Consistencyofissuingwarnings/citations Financialconsiderations/impactofcitationsonvictims Criminalcourtdoesnotshareinformationwithfamilycourt Victimsarepressuredbydefenseattorneystoagreetothingstheyarenotcomfortable

withespeciallyiftheyareprose


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GapsDoesn'texist.Avictimwouldexperiencethisgapwhenattemptingtoseekhelp,orinseekingprotectionfromouragencies.

Expandingpartnershipstootheragencies,likeculturally‐specificorothersmalleragencies Don'thaveaccesstoothercounties'informationregardingrestrainingorders,etc.(Child

Support) Lackofqualifiedtranslators/interpreters,includingASL LEmanpowerinsmallermunicipalities CPSonlystaffedduringbusinesshours–LEtakingtemporarycustodyofchildren,callACS

forhelpfindingaplaceforkidstogo,butkidsmightbehangingoutatPDforhoursbeforeafamilymembercouldpickthemup.

Victimsthatareunrepresented–vulnerabletopressurefromdefenseattorney Defendantincustodythennotcharged–releasedwithnointerventionfromDA’soffice

OpportunitiesOurrunninglistofideas.Wecoulddothesethingstoenhanceourresponsetovictims.

Lookforwaystospeedupthemediationprocess. Listoftranslation/interpretationservicesthataremedical/courtcertified‐sendthelistto

otheragenciesonthiscommittee. Potentiallydomoreforensicinterviewingwithkids(checkwithDAontheimplicationsof

thisoncases) School/Caregiverconnectionspost‐DVincident Socialworkersmakingconsistent,warmreferralstoAdvocacyCenter(makingcallwith

victimandexplainingtheirservices) CPScouldusemoretrainingonDV

SummaryCommunitymappingtakestimeandpatienceonthepartofallparticipating.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthattheprocessofcompletingcommunitymappingisequallyasimportantastheproductsthatcomeoutofit.OftenCCRteamsdonottakethetimetogettoknowdetailsofhowothersaroundthetablerespondtocases,whichcancreateconfusionandeventensionsurroundingrolesandresponsibilities.Bycompletingcommunitymapping,yourteamwillcomeawaywithacomprehensivelistofstrengths,gaps,challengesandopportunitiesinyourcommunity’sresponsetocasesofsexualassaultand/ordomesticviolence.Withthisinformationyoucancollectivelyidentifyandprioritizethemesandultimatelydevelopgoalsandanactionplan.Additionally,youwillhaveabettersenseofyourcollaborativepartner’spoliciesandprocedures,aswellasavisual“map”toreferbacktointhefutureshouldyouhavequestionsabouttheactionstakeninacase.


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FocusedConversationsInformationinthissectionwasadaptedfromthebookTheArtofFocusedConversation:100WaystoAccessGroupWisdomintheWorkplace,editedbyBrianStanfieldforTheCanadianInstituteofCulturalAffairs.Afocusedconversationisanexcellentwaytoprovidestructuretoconversationsthatmightotherwisetravelalloverthemap,savingtimeandenergyandminimizingpotentialpowerplaysorhiddenagendas.Itisversatile,andworksaswellwithagroupofstrangersasitdoeswithcolleagueswhohaveknowneachotherformanyyears.Becausethefocusedconversationappliesaninclusivestructuretothelisteningprocess,italsopromotessharedunderstanding.Thefocusedconversationmethodusesquestionsatfourlevels:

1. Theobjectivelevel–questionsaboutfactsandexternalreality2. Thereflectivelevel–questionstocallforthimmediatepersonalreactiontodata,an

internalresponse,sometimesemotionsorfeelings,hiddenimagesandassociationswiththefacts.Wheneverweencounteranexternalreality(data/objective)weexperienceaninternalresponse.

3. Theinterpretivelevel–questionstodrawoutmeaning,values,significanceandimplications.

4. Thedecisionallevel–questionstoelicitresolution,bringtheconversationtoaclose,andenablethegrouptomakearesolveaboutthefuture.

Thismethodisoftenreferredtoinshorthandastheacronym“ORID”derivedfromthefirstlettersofthefourstagesofquestioning:

Objective Reflective Interpretative Decisional

Theobjectivelevelquestionsareintendedtobenon‐threatening,askingthegroupmemberstosimplysharetheirfactualobservations.Reflectivelevelquestionscallforpersonalreactionsorfeelingsassociatedwiththeexperience.Theinterpretivequestionsencouragegroupstogodeeper,identifyingtheinsightsandmeaningbehindtheexperience.Thedecisionalquestionscallforresponsesthatdrawoutdecisionsandnextsteps.


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Thefocusedconversationhasnospecificcontenttoteach.Itisexactlywhatitiscalled–aconversation.Therearenorightorwronganswers.Thereisnothingupthefacilitator'ssleeveexceptalistofquestionsdesignedtoreachthedepthsofthetopic.Tothisend,allthequestionsinthefocusedconversationareopen‐ended,startingwithwordslike"how","what","which"or"why.”Questionsthatcanbeansweredwithasimpleyesorno,orasinglerightanswerdonotmakeforlivelyconversations.InthecontextofCCRwork,thefocusedconversationmethodcanbeusefulfordebriefingafterpresentationsoreventsinvolvingyourteam.Frequently,CCRswillbringinguestspeakerstoshareinformationaboutcommunityresources,orprovidecross‐trainingforothermembersoftheteam.Afocusedconversationcanhelpdrawouttheimportanceoftheseexperiencesandorienttheteamtowardsaction.Hereisanexample.ObjectiveQuestions: Whichwordsorphrasesdoyourecallfromthepresentation? Whatimagescametomindasyouwerelisteningtothepresenter?

ReflectiveQuestions: Whatsurprisedyou? Whatwasahighpointofthepresentationforyou?

InterpretiveQuestions Whataresomedeeperquestionsaboutthistopicthatwecouldexploreasagroup? Whatconcernshasthisdialoguebroughtupforyou?

DecisionalQuestions Whatcanourgroupdoabouttheseissues? Howwillwedoourworkdifferentlywiththesenewinsightsinmind?

Therearemanyadvantagestousingthefocusedconversationmethodintheworkplaceorpublicmeetings: Itisextremelyversatile,whichmeansthatfocusedconversationsworkaswellwithgroups

ofstrangersaswithlong‐termcolleagues.Itworkswithpeopleofmixedbackgroundsandage,aswellaswithmorehomogeneousgroups.

Itfocusespeopleonatopiclongenoughtodeterminewhatdirectionisneeded Itpushespeopletobecreativeratherthancritical


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Itprovidesroomforreallistening.Peopledon'thavetoyellandfightforthefloortobeheard.

Itsidetracksnegativethinking.Eachperson'scommentsarereceived,andnonearedisqualifiedorstruckfromtherecord.

Themethodappliesastructuretothethinkingprocess,whichpreventsaconversationfromdriftingaimlesslyalong.

Itallowshonesty.Peoplewhoknowthattheirresponseswillbeacceptedlikeeverybodyelse'sfeelfreetosaywhattheyreallythinkandfeel.Theexperienceofsuchhonestyisoftenreleasing,surprisingandrefreshing.

ToseealistofsampleORIDquestions,visit:http://wwwcc.ivytech.edu/shared/shared_cctrainingwg/PC_ORID_Questions_List.pdfForamoredetailedexplanationoftheFocusedConversationmethod,pleaseseethebookfromwhichthisinformationwascompiled:Stanfield,R.B.(2000).TheArtofFocusedConversation:100WaystoAccessGroupWisdomintheWorkplace.GabriolaIsland,BC:NewSocietyPublishers.


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TipsforWritingGoalsandObjectivesThisinformationisdirectlyfromBenjaminBloom’sTaxonomyofLearningDomains,withaspecificemphasisontheCognitiveDomain.MoreinformationcanbefoundonWCASA’swebsitehere:http://www.wcasa.org/pages/Evaluation‐Planning‐It‐Out‐Goals.php.Whataregoalsandobjectives?Agoalisanoverarchingprinciplethatguidesdecisionmaking.Objectivesarespecific,measurablestepsthatcanbetakentomeetthegoal.Forexample:

Goal DevelopanincreasedunderstandingofcareersinhealtheducationbytheendoftheFall2006semester.

Objectives FindfivejobdescriptionsforhealtheducationrelatedjobsbythebeginningofDecember.InterviewtwocurrenthealtheducationprofessionalsbytheendofNovember.IdentifythreeorganizationsthatemployhealtheducatorsbytheendofSeptember.

Acommonwayofdescribinggoalsandobjectivesistosaythat:

Goalsarebroad ObjectivesarenarrowGoalsaregeneralintentions ObjectivesarepreciseGoalsareintangible ObjectivesaretangibleGoalsareabstract ObjectivesareconcreteGoalsaregenerallydifficulttomeasure Objectivesaremeasurable

Whilethereareplentyofvariants,SMARTobjectiveshavethefollowingcharacteristics:

S SpecificM MeasurableA AttainableR RelevantT Time‐bound

Forexample,insteadofsaying“Iwilltalktopeopleabouthealtheducation”say“Iwillinterviewthreecurrenthealtheducators,includingquestionsabouttheirpositionandcareerdevelopmentbyDecember1,2006.”

http://www.wcasa.org/pages/Evaluation-Planning-It-Out-Goals.php


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Bloom'sTaxonomyofCognitiveObjectivesBloom'staxonomyofcognitiveobjectives,originatedbyBenjaminBloomandcollaboratorsinthe1950's,describesseveralcategoriesofcognitivelearning.Thesestagescanbeusefulwhenwritingyourgoalsandobjectives.Category DescriptionKnowledge Abilitytorecallpreviouslylearnedmaterial.Comprehension Abilitytograspmeaning,explain,restateideas.Application Abilitytouselearnedmaterialinnewsituations.Analysis Abilitytoseparatematerialintocomponentpartsandshowrelationshipsbetweenparts.Synthesis Abilitytoputtogethertheseparateideastoformnewwhole,establishnewrelationships.Evaluation Abilitytojudgetheworthofmaterialagainststatedcriteria.

UsefulVerbsforWritingGoalsandObjectivesKnowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis EvaluationDefineIdentifyListNameRecallRecognizeRecordRelateRepeatUnderline

ChooseCiteexamplesofDemonstrateuseofDescribeDetermineDifferentiatebetweenDiscriminateDiscussExplainExpressGiveinownwordsIdentifyInterpretLocatePickReportRestateReviewRecognizeSelectTellTranslateRespondPracticeSimulates

ApplyDemonstrateDramatizeEmployGeneralizeIllustrateInterpretOperateOperationalizePracticeRelateScheduleShopUseUtilizeInitiate

AnalyzeAppraiseCalculateCategorizeCompareConcludeContrastCorrelateCriticizeDeduceDebateDetectDetermineDevelopDiagramDifferentiateDistinguishDrawconclusionsEstimateEvaluateExamineExperimentIdentifyInferInspectInventoryPredictQuestionRelateSolveTestDiagnose

ArrangeAssembleCollectComposeConstructCreateDesignDevelopFormulateManageModifyOrganizePlanPrepareProduceProposePredictReconstructSet‐upSynthesizeSystematizeDevise

AppraiseAssessChooseCompareCritiqueEstimateEvaluateJudgeMeasureRateReviseScoreSelectValidateValueTest


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DevelopmentofMissionandVisionStatementsAmissionstatementservesasaguidefortheoperationsofamultidisciplinaryteam,highlightingthebeliefsandvaluesoftheteam.Thedevelopmentofamissionstatementcancontributetotheformationoftheteamanddefineitspurpose.Theyareusefulwhenteamslosefocus,conflictarises,and/ordecidingwhetherornottotakeonaproject.Whengeneratingaworkplan,itcanbehelpfulforteamstoaskthemselves,“Doesourworkalignwithourmissionstatement?”Itisrecommendedtocreateamissionstatementatthebeginningofateam’sformationasitestablishesthefoundationfortheteam’spurpose.Generatingamissionstatementisjustasmuchabouttheprocessasitisabouthavingafinishedproduct.Someteamsaddressissuesofdomesticviolenceonly,sexualassaultonly,orhaveadualfocusaddressingbothdomesticviolenceandsexualassault.Itisimportantforteamstobeclearintheirmissionstatementsaboutwhichtypesofviolencetheyareaddressing.Priortodraftingamissionstatement,prospectivemembersofateammaywanttodiscussthefollowingquestions:

Howdoweunderstanddomesticviolenceand/orsexualassault? Howdoourbeliefsandattitudesaboutdomesticviolenceand/orsexualassaultimpactour

responsetovictims? Whatprinciples,beliefs,andvaluesaboutvictimsandperpetratorsguideourwork? Whatdoesitmeantobevictim‐centeredinamultidisciplinaryteamresponse? Whatdoesitmeantobeoffender‐focusedinamultidisciplinaryteamresponse? Howdoweenvisionactivatingamultidisciplinaryteamresponse?

Additionally,someteamschoosetodevelopvisionstatements.Whilemissionstatementsaddresshowandwhatteamswillaccomplish,visionstatementsreflecttheendgoalifthemissionsweretoultimatelybeachieved.Visionstatementscanhelpteamsbuildconsensusonhowtheyviewthefutureandwheretheprogressionoftheworkwilllead.SampleMissionandVisionStatementsMissionStatement:CountyCCRisamulti‐agencyteamthatworkstogethertoensureacompassionate,victim‐centeredresponsetovictims/survivorsofsexualviolenceastheynavigatethecriminaljusticesystem.MissionStatement:CountyCCRworkstoeradicatedomesticviolencethroughmeetingtheneedsofvictimsfromaninformed,collaborative,andmultidisciplinaryperspective.MissionStatement:CountyCCRiscommittedtocreatingaviolencefreecommunity.Throughnurturingandsustainingopportunitiesforcollaborationamongserviceproviders,wewillensurethedignity,rights,andsafetyofvictimsandholdperpetratorsaccountable.Trauma‐informedresponseandeducationandempowermentofthecommunitywillguideourworkwithdomesticviolenceandsexualassault.


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MissionStatement:ThemissionoftheCountyCCRistopromoteasystemicresponsethatholdssexualoffendersaccountableandfostersacommunitysensitivetotheneedsofsexualassaultsurvivors.Thiswillbedonethroughthecollaborativeandcoordinatedmultidisciplinaryresponseoftheagenciesandorganizationsthatworkwithsexualassaultsurvivorsinthiscounty.VisionStatement:CountyCCRiscommittedtoprovidingconsistent,qualityservices,andvalidationtoallvictims/survivorsofdomesticviolence.VisionStatement:CountyCCRpromotesaninformed,victim‐centeredresponsetosexualviolenceinourcommunitythroughagencycollaboration,educationandoutreach,andperpetratoraccountability.VisionStatement:CountyCCRenvisionsaworldabsentofsexualassaultanddomesticviolence.VisionStatement:Asafe,non‐violent,andequitablesocietywherearealllivesarevaluedandrespected.


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*Sample*CountyCoordinatedCommunityResponseAgainstViolence

MissionStatement

TheCountyCoordinatedCommunityResponseAgainstViolence(CCR)isavoluntarynetworkofpeopleandorganizationsinthisCountythatcoordinatesandsupportscollaborativeeffortstoreduceviolenceandpromotenonviolence.Weaccomplishthisthroughawareness,prevention,education,andadvocacy.TheCCRrecognizesviolenceasaseriouscommunityproblemthatposesseriousthreatstoindividuals,families,andthecommunity.Therelationshipbetweenthevictimandperpetratorindomesticviolenceandsexualassaultcasescallsforaspecializedsystemofresponse.Addressingtherootcausesofviolencerequiresabroadperspectiveinourcoordination,educationandadvocacyactivities.ObjectivesoftheCountyCCR:

Toshareinformationaboutourcommunity’sresponsetoviolenceinordertodecreasetheincidenceofviolenceinourcommunity

Toplan,develop,implement,andmonitoranintegratedservicemodelofeffectiveinterventioninviolentsituations;therewillbeaparticularfocusontheservicesmodelfordomesticabuseandsexualassault

Tomonitorandseektoimprovesystemperformanceinaddressingviolenceinourcommunity

Tofocuspublicattentionontheproblemofviolenceandtodevelopcommunityresourcestodeterit

Toproposeandsupportlegislation,ordinances,andotherpublicpolicyprotocolstofurthertheorganizationalobjectives

ForadditionalinformationontheCountyCCRmeetingsandactivities,pleasecontacttheCCRCoordinatorat:phone(xxx)xxx‐xxxxore‐mailtheCCRat

[email protected]


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CreatingaMemorandumofUnderstanding(MOU)AMemorandumofUnderstanding(MOU)isanagreementabouttherelationshipbetweenagenciesanddefiningtheparametersandexpectationsbetweenthem.WhendesigninganMOU,considerincludingthefollowing:

PurposeofhavinganMOU Descriptionofservicesyouwillprovide Missionandvisionstatements Howcaseswillbeprocessed(ornotprocessed)internally Processofreferralfromyouragencytoothers Howandwhatinformationwillbeexchanged Frequencywithwhichexchangeofinformationwilloccur Howconfidentialityofvictimswillbeaddressed LengthoftimetheMOUwillbeineffect Howandwhenevaluationofitseffectivenesswillbereviewed(ifyouaretryingsomething

new,evaluateitin4‐6monthstoallowroomforchanges)Dependingontheissuesaddressed,establishingparameterscanbeaprocess,andmaytaketime.Weencourageyoutobepatientandcelebratethesmallsuccessesalongtheway.ThreesampleMOUsandaCCRHandoutSamplecanbefoundonthefollowingpages.


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MemorandumofUnderstandingSample1

ThisMemorandumofUnderstanding(MOU)isenteredintobetweenagenciesincooperationandagreementtoestablishthePrisonRapeEliminationAct(PREA)ResponseTeaminconjunctionwiththeSexualAssaultResponseTeam(SART)program.ItiswrittentofacilitateanagreementbetweenthepartiesforservicesrelatedtogoalsandimplementationoffederalPrisonRapeEliminationAct(PREA)mandates.

PrimaryPartnerAgencies:SexualAssaultNurseExaminer(SANE)

Community‐BasedAdvocacyDepartmentofCommunityCorrections

CorrectionalInstitutionCountySheriff’sOfficeCityPoliceDepartment

DistrictAttorneyI. Understanding,Agreements,SupportandResourceRequirements:

A. SANE1. Designatestafftoattend,participatein,develop,implement,evaluateandmodifyas

neededthePREA/SARTpilotprojectprotocol2. ProvideSANEexamasoutlinedinWI‐IAFNSANEprotocol3. Providetrainingforanyparticipatingorganizationsonanas‐neededbasis4.CommunicateanyquestionsorconcernstothePREASART

B. Community‐BasedAdvocacy1. Designatestafftoattend,participatein,develop,implement,evaluateandmodifyas

neededthePREA/SARTpilotprojectprotocol2. Coordinateprovisionofadvocacyserviceswithlawenforcement,SANE,andVictim

ServiceCoordinator(VSC)3. Workwithdesignatedinstitutionofficialstoobtainsecurityclearanceandfollowall

institutionalguidelinesforsafetyandsecurity4. Providecommunity‐basedcounselinguponrequesttoPREAvictimswithinthe

institutions5. Maintainconfidentialityofcommunicationswithclientsdetainedattheinstitution6. Licensedprofessionalsmaintainconfidentialityofcommunicationswithclients

detainedattheinstitutionasdescribedintheReleaseofInformationForm7. CommunicateanyquestionsorconcernstothePREASART8. Providetrainingforanyparticipatingorganizationsonanas‐neededbasis

C. DepartmentofCommunityCorrections

1. DesignateDivisionofCommunityCorrectionsstafftoattend,participatein,develop,implement,evaluateandmodifyasneededthePREA/SARTpilotprojectprotocol


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2. NotifylocallawenforcementandconsultwithlawenforcementforarrangementofSANEexam

3. Notifycommunity‐basedadvocate;makeinvolvementofrapecrisiscounselorsacomponentofthestandardresponsetoareportofsexualassault

4. Facilitatefollow‐upandon‐goingcontactbetweentheclientandrapecrisiscounselorwithoutregardtothepresenceorstatusofaninvestigation

5. Respectthenatureofprivilegedcommunicationbetweenadvocatesandclients6. Provideforlogisticalneeds,suchasaprivatemeetingspaceforcounselingsessions

andsecurityclearancefordesignatedcounselorandotherparticipatingpersonnelwithinthefacility

7. Providetrainingforanyotherparticipatingorganizationsonanas‐neededbasis8. CommunicateanyquestionsorconcernstothePREASART

D. CorrectionalInstitution

1. DesignateDivisionofAdultInstitutionstafftoattend,participatein,develop,implement,evaluateandmodifyasneededthePREA/SARTpilotprojectprotocol

2. NotifylocallawenforcementandconsultwithlawenforcementforarrangementofSANEexam

3. Notifycommunity‐basedadvocate;makeinvolvementofrapecrisiscounselorsacomponentofthestandardresponsetoareportofsexualassault

4. Facilitatefollow‐upandon‐goingcontactbetweentheclientandrapecrisiscounselorwithoutregardtothepresenceorstatusofaninvestigation

5. Respectthenatureofprivilegedcommunicationbetweenadvocatesandclients6. Provideforlogisticalneeds,suchasaprivatemeetingspaceforcounselingsessions

andsecurityclearancefordesignatedcounselorandotherparticipatingpersonnelwithinthefacility

7. Providetrainingforanyotherparticipatingorganizationsonanas‐neededbasis8. CommunicateanyquestionsorconcernstothePREASART

E. CountySheriff’sOffice

1. Designatestafftoattend,participatein,develop,implement,evaluateandmodifyasneededthePREA/SARTpilotprojectprotocol

2. Notifycommunity‐basedadvocate;makeinvolvementofrapecrisisadvocatesacomponentofthestandardresponsetoareportofsexualabuseand/orarequestforhelpfromasurvivorofsexualviolence

3. Respectthenatureofprivilegedcommunicationbetweenadvocatesandclients4. Conductcriminalinvestigationtoincludeinterviewsandevidencecollection5. Refercriminalinvestigationtoprosecutor6. Meet/conferwithprosecutorasnecessary7. Providetrainingforanyparticipatingorganizationsonanas‐neededbasis8. CommunicateanyquestionsorconcernstothePREASART


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F. CityPoliceDepartment1. Designatestafftoattend,participatein,develop,implement,evaluateandmodifyas

neededthePREA/SARTpilotprojectprotocol2. Notifycommunity‐basedadvocate;makeinvolvementofrapecrisisadvocatesa

componentofthestandardresponsetoareportofsexualabuseand/orarequestforhelpfromasurvivorofsexualviolence

3. Respectthenatureofprivilegedcommunicationbetweenadvocatesandclients4. Conductcriminalinvestigationtoincludeinterviewsandevidencecollection5. Refercriminalinvestigationtoprosecutor6. Meet/conferwithprosecutorasnecessary7. Providetrainingforanyparticipatingorganizationsonanas‐neededbasis8. CommunicateanyquestionsorconcernstothePREASART

G. DistrictAttorney

1. Designatestafftoattend,participatein,develop,implement,evaluateandmodifyasneededthePREA/SARTpilotprojectprotocol

2. Meetand/orconferwiththevictimpriortochargingifpossible;ifnotchargingmeetand/orconferwithvictimifpossible

3. Meetwith/orconferwithlawenforcementwhennecessary4. WorkwithVSCandcommunity‐basedadvocatetopreparevictimforcourt

proceedings5. Meetand/orconferwithvictimbeforeanypleaagreementisofferedoracceptedif

appropriate6. Providetrainingforanyparticipatingorganizationsonanas‐neededbasis7. CommunicateanyquestionsorconcernstothePREASART


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II. Signatures _______________________________________________ ___________________(SigningOfficial) DateSANE ____________________________________________________ ___________________ (SigningOfficial) DateCommunity‐BasedAdvocacy ____________________________________________________ ___________________(SigningOfficial) DateCorrectionalInstitution ____________________________________________________ ___________________ (SigningOfficial) DateDepartmentofCommunityCorrections ____________________________________________________ ___________________(SigningOfficial) DateCountySheriff’sOffice____________________________________________________ ___________________ (SigningOfficial) DateCityPoliceDepartment____________________________________________________ ___________________(SigningOfficial) DateDistrictAttorney____________________________________________________ ___________________(SigningOfficial) DateDepartmentofCorrections


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MemorandumofUnderstandingSample2Thiscooperationagreementisbyandamongthefollowing:DistrictAttorney,VictimWitnessAssistantProgram,SexualAssaultRecoveryProgram,Hospitals,CountySherriff’sOffice,CityPoliceDepartments,WisconsinDepartmentofCommunityCorrections,andHumanServices.Whereas,thereareasignificantnumberofpeopleinthiscountythatareaffectedbysexualassaultandWhereas,webelievethebestpracticeforaddressingvictimsofsexualassaultinthiscountyisthroughtheuseofacoordinated,multidisciplinarysexualassaultresponseteam(SART)andWhereas,theabovememberswishtojointogetherinacoordinated,multidisciplinarysexualassaultresponseteam(SART),theagencies,representedbytheirsignaturesagreeto:

JointogetherinagroupknownastheCountySexualAssaultResponseTeam FullysupportthemissionstatementoftheCountySexualAssaultResponseTeam FullyparticipateinallactivitiesoftheCountySexualAssaultResponseTeam

SignatureAgencyRepresented PrintNameofSignature DateDistrictAttorneyVictimWitnessAssistanceProgramSexualAssaultRecoveryProgramHospitalPoliceDepartmentWisconsinDepartmentofCommunityCorrectionsHumanServicesSherriff’sOffice


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MemorandumofUnderstandingSample3We,theundersignedmembersoftheCountyCoordinatedCommunityResponseTeam,agreetoworkcollaborativelybyparticipatinginmeetingsandsupportingthemissionofourCCRteamby

Increasingourunderstandingaroundthecomplexnatureofdomesticviolenceandsexualassault

Promotingthissameunderstandinginthecommunity Developinginteragencyprotocolsandastrategicplantoaddressvictimsafety Identifyinggapsinsystemsthatcompromiseperpetratoraccountability

____________________________________________________________________________________________________Name,Title,Phone Date____________________________________________________________________________________________________Name,Title,Phone Date____________________________________________________________________________________________________Name,Title,Phone Date____________________________________________________________________________________________________Name,Title,Phone Date____________________________________________________________________________________________________Name,Title,Phone Date____________________________________________________________________________________________________Name,Title,Phone Date____________________________________________________________________________________________________Name,Title,Phone Date


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AccessibleandCulturallyAppropriateSystemsInterventionsMaterialadaptedfromtheFamilyViolencePreventionFund’sCultureHandbookCCRsareafittingvenuefordiscussinghowtobeaccessibletovictimsfromdiverseracial,ethnicandculturalbackgrounds,giventhatCCRsbytheirverynatureareadiversecollectionofprofessionalswhointerfacewithdomesticviolenceandsexualassault.Alltoooften,however,CCRsgetinthehabitofdiscussingissuesfroma“mainstream”lensandarenotidentifyingwaystoadaptresponsestomeettherealitiesofvictimsfrommarginalizedcommunities.Itisimportanttounderstandhowcultureshapesthefollowing:

• Anindividual’sexperienceofviolence• Whetherperpetratorsacceptresponsibility• Whetherservicesareequallyaccessibletoall• Ourownresponseswithinthecultureofthesystemsandorganizationsinwhichwework

Abroaddefinitionofculturereferstosharedexperiencesthatdevelopandevolveaccordingtochangingsocialandpoliticallandscapes.Itincludesage,race,ethnicity,gender,sexualorientation,disabilitystatus,socioeconomicstatus,immigrationstatusandreligiousorspiritualaffiliation,amongothers;allunderstoodwithinthecontextofhistoricaloppression.Thesecategoriesofattemptingtocatalogdifferenceshavedevelopedandevolvedintosystemsthatareoppressive.Ourresponsetovictimsoftraumaneedstotakeintoconsiderationtheirvariousculturalidentitiesinordertoachievetheintendedresult.Thetermwidelyusedtodayisculturalcompetence.Thetermsuggeststhatthereisasetofknowledge,skillsandattitudesthatcanbedevelopedovertimeinordertoworkwiththosewhoappearandmaybedifferentfromourselves.Competencyisacomplexprocessthatincludesthedevelopmentofself‐awarenessofthevariousfiltersthatinfluenceone’sowndecisions,hisorherculturalbiasesandworldview.Furthermore,competencyrequiresawillingnesstoadaptandchangetheseattitudesandbiasesbaseduponnewinformation.Itisessentialtoreachoutto,workwithandcollaboratewithdifferentcommunitieswhileencouragingcontradictoryanddiverseperspectivesfromavarietyofpeopleandresources.Onevoiceshouldnothavetorepresentanyparticulargroupofpeople.Culturalcompetencyintheareaofdomesticandsexualviolencehastobeginattheindividuallevel,byensuringthatweaspractitioners:

• Recognizeandareawareofourownhistory,biasesandprejudices• Listentoandbuildonthestrengthsofthesurvivornomatterwhattheyidentifyastheir

culture• Recognizethepowerdifferentialinherentbetweenpractitionersandsurvivors• Gatherinformationfromthesurvivoraboutculturalvaluesandnorms• Negotiatetheacceptanceofadifferentsetofvalueswithoutimposingourown• Reachouttodiversecommunitiesbothindividuallyandprogrammatically

http://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/userfiles/file/ImmigrantWomen/Culture%20Handbook.pdf


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LanguageAccessibilityiAnissueofparticularrelevancetoagenciesthatvictimsofdomesticviolenceandsexualassaultaccessregularlyisthatoftheuseofinterpreters.Regardlessofhowfrequentlyyouencounternon‐Englishspeakingclients,it’simportanttobepreparedforhowyouwillrespond.Itisabsolutelyessentialtohaveaninterpreterwhen:

• Theclientasksforone• Thereisanydoubtaboutyoureffectivenessincommunicatingtoandwiththeclient• Youfeelthatthereareproblemsinbeingunderstoodorunderstandingwhattheclientis

sayingWhenworkingwithaninterpreter,herearesomeimportantreminders:

• Communicationisbetweenyouandtheclient• Arrangeseatinginawaythatallowsyoutofaceandtalkdirectlytotheclient• Usesimple,clearlanguagewithshortsentences• Allowforpauses,whichwillenabletheinterpretertointerpret• Bepatientandallowmoretimeforconversationsinvolvinginterpreters• Donotuserelativesorchildrentointerpret

Addressingculturalneedsiscriticaltoprovidinghelpfulresponsestovictims.Thisischallengingworkandtherearenosimpleanswers.Thissectiononlytouchesontheimportanceofdiggingdeeperintotheseissues.Formoreinformationonthistopic,pleasevisitthefollowingwebsites:

• DisabilityRightsWisconsin–Wisconsin’sViolenceAgainstWomenwithDisabilitiesandDeafWomenProject:http://www.disabilityrightswi.org/programs/vawa

• NationalResourceCenteronDomesticViolence–AccessInitiativehttp://www.nrcdv.org/accessinitiative/

• VeraInstituteofJustice:https://www.vera.org/securing‐equal‐justice/reaching‐all‐victims

i InterpretingservicesinWisconsin(thislistisnotexhaustive):SouthernWisconsinInterpreting&TranslationServices(SWITS)–https://swits.us/PurpleCommunications–http://www.signlanguage.com/onsite‐interpreting/FreelanceASLinterpreterlist–https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/odhh/asl‐freelance‐interpreter‐listing.pdfCourtinterpreterservices–https://www.wicourts.gov/services/interpreter/search.htm

https://www.vera.org/securing-equal-justice/reaching-all-victims


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CCRMeetingSurveyQuestionsSomeCCRteamschoosetosurveyteammembersonaregularbasistodeterminehowvaluableandeffectivetheyperceivetheCCRmeetingstobe.ThesequestionsarebasedonthekeyareasthatcontributetothesuccessofaCCRteam:Mission/Purpose,Development/Practice, Structure,andSustainability. ThestatementwouldbeposedtoCCRmemberswhowouldrespondonaona5‐pointscale: (1‐stronglydisagree;3‐agree;5‐stronglyagree). AnothersuggestionistohaveeachCCRteamcomeupwiththeirownquestionaboutwhattheywanttoasktheirteammembersateachmeeting.Questionstoaskregardingmission/purpose:

1. Ifeelinvolvedintheprocessofmakingthesystemvictim‐centered forsurvivorsofdomesticviolenceandsexualassaultinourcommunity

2. IfeelmyvoicemakesadifferenceontheCCRteam3. OurCCRteamlistenstothevoiceofsurvivors4. IunderstandthepurposeoftheCCRteamandcanexplainittoothers5. CleargoalsfortheCCRteamareidentifiedandarebasedoncurrentgapsand

challenges6. IfeelthefocusonourCCRteamisvictim‐centered

Questionstoaskregardingdevelopment/practice:

1. Icontinuetolearnthingswhen IcometoCCRmeetings2. Myknowledgeincreasedtodayasaresultofwhatwediscussed3. Ifeltsafetalkingaboutmyconcernsatthismeeting4. I feelIcanspeakup if Idon'tagreewithothersontheteam5. Ifeelourcommunicationwitheachotherishonestandrespectful6. Weaddressproblemsandworkonsolutions7. Weaddressconflictthatarisesontheteam8. I feellikeanimportantmember oftheCCRteam9. Thereiscollaborationgoingonbetweenteammembersandtheiragencies

Questionstoaskregardingstructure:

1. OurCCRteamhasleadershipinplace2. Weareworkingtoexpandmembership3. Thetopicsdiscussedtodayarerelevanttomeandmywork4. Wereviewourgoalsatleastannually5. WehaveaplaninplacetoaddresstheworkoftheCCRteam6. Wehavebuy‐infromourteammembers7. Ourstrategicplanisdocumentedandunderstandable toallmembers


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Questionstoaskregardingsustainability:1. OurCCRteamwouldcontinuewithoutadvocacyinvolvement2. Wehavesharedleadershipbetweenagencies3. OurCCRteamisworkingtokeeptheteamsustainablebyaddingnewteammembers4. OurCCRteam ismakingprogress ontheirgoals

CreatedbyJeanieKurkaReimeron02/10/2013.


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FocusGroupsThisinformationisheavilyadaptedfromthefollowingpublication:Seymour,A.(2004).FocusGroups:AnImportantToolforStrategicPlanning(acomponentoftheStrategicPlanningToolkitProjectsponsoredbytheOfficeforVictimsofCrime,U.S.DepartmentofJustice).WashingtonDC:JusticeSolutions.Availableonline:http://justicesolutions.org/art_pub_focus_groups.pdfAfocusgroupisaqualitativeresearchprocessdesignedtoelicitopinions,attitudes,beliefsandperceptionsfromindividualstogaininsightsandinformationaboutaspecifictopic.Afocusgroupcanbedefinedasagroupofinteractingindividualshavingsomecommoninterestorcharacteristics,broughttogetherbyamoderator,whousesthegroupanditsinteractionsasawaytogaininformationaboutaspecificissue.Unliketheone‐wayflowofinformationinaone‐on‐oneinterview,focusgroupsgeneratedatathroughthe“giveandtake”ofgroupdiscussion.WithinthecontextofCCRs,focusgroupscanservethefollowingpurposes:

Identifyvictims’andserviceproviders’mostprominentneedsandconcerns Seekinputfromavarietyofstakeholdersaboutvictims’rightsandservices Identifystrengthsandgapsinpolicies,programming,servicesandcollaborativeeffortsthat

seektobenefitvictims Contributetothedevelopmentofaworkplanthatidentifiesandbuildsuponstrengthsand

identifiesgapsandwaystofillthemFocusGroupGoalsThefocusgroupprocessmustincludethedevelopmentofclearandmeasurablegoals.Whiletheseareusefultoolsforfocusgroupfacilitators,theyarealsoessentialforparticipantstounderstandwhytheyarebeingaskedtoparticipateinafocusgroupsession.

ACCRteammightbeinterestedinconductingfocusgroupsaround:

Strengthsandgapsinservicestodomesticviolenceandsexualassaultvictimsinyourcounty

Strengthsandgapsinstatelawsandagencypoliciesthatguidetheprovisionofvictimservicesyourcounty

Caseexamplesabouttheeffectivenessofservices/interventions Challengesrelatedtoholdingperpetratorsaccountable


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FocusGroupLogistics GroupSize–Theresearchonfocusgroupsgenerallyrecommendssixtotwelve

participantsasoptimumforimpact.Somestatewidestrategicplanninginitiativesforvictimserviceshaveconductedfocusgroupswithupto20participants;however,thelargerthesizeofthegroup,themoredifficultthegroupinteractionsaretomanage.

LengthofGroupDiscussion–Mostfocusgroupsencompass90minutestothreehoursofdiscussion.Iffocusgroupsessionsarelonger,itisnecessarytobuildinbreakstoallowparticipantstimetorelaxandrefresh.

GroupParticipants–Intraditionalfocusgroups,participantsarerandomlychoseninamannerthatseekshomogeneityamongparticipants,inordertoelicitopinionsfroma“like”representativegroup(forexample,allcommunity‐basedvictimserviceproviders).Dependinguponthefocusgroupgoals,facilitatorsmaywishto:

o Seekcompletehomogeneityinparticipantso Seekvarietyinparticipantsbaseduponhowtheirbackgrounds,insights,

perspectivesanddiversitybyculture,genderandgeographywillcontributetogoalsandoutcomes

o Conductsimultaneousfocusgroupswheretwodifferentgroupsofparticipants(i.e.,agroupofvictimsandagroupofjudges)respondtothesamequestions,thenarebroughttogethertoshareresponsesandprovidefurtheropportunitiesforacombinedgroupdiscussion

TimingofFocusGroups–Considerationshouldbegiventomaximizingparticipation,whileminimizinginconvenienceforpotentialparticipants.Mostfocusgroupsareconductedintheevening(usuallybetween6:00p.m.and9:00p.m.).Forbrieffocusgroupsofcommunitypartners,thelunchhourcanalsobeappropriate.

FocusGroupQuestionsQuestionsshouldbeopen‐endedsothattherearemanypossiblereplies.Shortanswerquestions,suchasthosethatcanbeanswered“yes”or“no,”shouldbeavoided.Itisalsoimportanttoavoidleadingquestionsthatsuggestthefacilitator’sopinionortheanswerthats/hehopestoreceive.Questionsshouldalsobe

Clearlyformulatedandeasilyunderstood Neutralsothattheformulationdoesnotinfluencetheanswer Carefullysequencedwitheasierquestionsprecedingmoredifficultones

Questionscanbedevelopedtoelicitresponsesrelatedtoparticipants

Personalexperiences Personalbehaviors


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Knowledge Opinions Valuesormores

Diversitybasedupontheirgender,culture,geography,and/orlifeexperiences

Feelingsorbeliefs Sensoryperceptions

SkillsandQualitiesofFocusGroupFacilitatorsThefocusgroupfacilitatoriscriticaltothesuccessoftheentireprocess.S/hemustfunctionasaneutralleaderwhocanalsoserveasa“referee,”ifneeded,duringthegroupprocess.InthecontextofCCRs,tominimizebiasitmaybepreferredtoutilizeafacilitatorthatisexternaltoyourteamandcommunity.Thefollowingfacilitatorskillsarealsobeneficial:o Knowledgeofissues:Whilethefacilitatorneednotbean“expert”invictimissues,s/he

shouldbefamiliarwiththedynamicsofthefieldandofvictimizationingeneral(includingvictimtrauma)andfamiliarwiththegoalsoftheoverallteam.

o Independence:Abletoseparatehim/herselffromthetopicsathand,maintaincompleteobjectivity,andhaveno“hiddenagendas”thatwillaffecttheoutcomes

o Strongcommunicationskills:Clear,concise,honest,trustworthy,andabletorelatetoavarietyofopinionswithoutshowingpreferences

o Stronggroupdynamicsskills:Abletoengageintensegroupdiscussionsandencourageallmemberstoparticipate,whilemaintainingaflowthatkeepswiththestatedagenda

o Culturalcompetence:Isskilledandcomfortablefacilitatingindividualswhorepresentdiversecultures(aswellasgender,age,geography,anddis/ability)

o Flexibility:Willingtofreelyfollowgroupdiscussionandpermitrelevantdiversions,ifneeded,toaccommodateparticipants’inputandideas

o Perception:Ableto“readbetweenthelines”ofparticipants’comments,andofferprobestoelicitfurtherdiscussions

o Patience:Capableoflettingindividualscompletetheirverbalizationswithoutrushingthem,andallowingtimeforreflectionbetweenquestions

o Respect:Forthediversityofparticipants,aswellasthediversityoftheiropinionsandinputo Transparency:Focusgroupfacilitatorsshouldbeclearwithparticipantsabout

confidentialityguidelinesandrestrictions,anddocumentsuchrestrictionsinwriting.Facilitatorsmustalsobetransparentaboutthegoalsforthegroupandwhatwillbedonewiththedatathatisgathered.

BothEndDomesticAbuseWisconsinandtheWisconsinCoalitionAgainstSexualAssaultareavailabletoassistwithfindingafacilitatorandcreatingappropriatequestionsforyourfocusgroup.

Documents

Coordinated Community Response (CCR) Team Activities · Wisconsin Sexual Assault & Domestic Violence CCR Toolkit 2nd Edition, 2016 42 An excellent resource on understanding the neurobiology