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Conversion Options forClean Fuel Production
Jean-Paul Margotin
2Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Agenda
• Market Outlook
• Conversion options to squeeze most of bottom of the barrel
• Grassroots case studies
• Economic comparison
3Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
2010-2030 AAGR by Product
Global Oil Product Demand Outlook
Source: Axens & Other sources (2011)Other* = Kerosene (≠ Jet Kerosene), Refinery Gas, Petroleum Coke, NGL, Lubricants, Bitumen, Paraffin Wax, Refinery Losses, …
Market Structure2010 vs. 2030
-0.5%0.4%1.7%1.9%0.8%2.2%0.5%0.7%
Jet/KeroseneOn-road dieselOff-road diesel
Fuel Oil
Motor GasolineNaphtha
LPGOther*
10%
13%
16%5%
27%
7%9%
13%
7%11%
19%
6%
26%
9%8%13%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2010 203088.2
Mbdoe104.7
Mbdoe
Global 2010-2030 AAGR: 0.9%
• Demand growth driven by transportation fuel• mainly middle distillates• Gasoline: lower growth than middle distillates, but main contributor by 2030
• Naphtha growth driven by petrochemicals• Heavy fuel oil demand = only 7% of the global demand by 2030
4Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09 Jan-10 Jan.11
Conversion Incentive
Price Differential with HSFO (3.5%S), US $ / ton
On-Road Diesel - HSFO
LSFO (1%S) - HSFO
• Since 2010, (HSFO - On-Road Diesel) price differential increases improving the profitability of conversion projects
• (HSFO - LSFO) price differential is constant • Fuel oil market tightening due to lower available volume on the market
5Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Glossary
• Hyvahl = Resid hydrotreating
• R2R = Resid (R)FCC
• DC = Delayed Coker
• H-OilRC = Ebullated bed technology for resid hydrocracking
• Mild HCK = Mild conversion hydrocracking
• HyK = High conversion hydrocracking
• HDT = Prime-G+, Prime-D
6Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
40 27
6
177
46
278
Option 1: Hyvahl + R2R
Hyvahl R2R
AT
FGLPGHDT
AR
NaphthaGasoline
649 t/h
LPG and C5+ throughput Total: 574 t/h t/h
Diesel
LSFO
C3=
7Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
RDS: Hyvahl Characteristics
Feed AR / VR
Hydrogen
GasTreatment
FractionationSection
PRSGuard Reactors
R1A R1B
• Fixed bed RDS process from AR to 100% VR
• Can process feeds with high metals content using “PRS” technology (permutable Reactors system
• Low to medium diesel production: 20-25%
• Hydrotreated resid applications:• Ultra low sulfur (S< 0.3 to 0.5 %) and stable fuel oil• Excellent feed for resid FCC unit (R2R)
• New HDM & HDS catalysts further improve economics• HF 858, HM 848 and HT 438
8Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Hyvahl + R2R Commercial Project n°1
• Location: Middle East
AR feed quality
90Ni+V, wtppm3.9S, wt%17.5°API
Project Context
• Crude: Middle East• Feedstock: Atmospheric resid
• Capacity: 40,000 bpsdin one train
• Objectives:• Maxi gasoline production• No market for high sulfur
coke
9Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Option 2: H-OilRC + Mild HCK + FCC
H-OilRC
FCC
HDT
VTMildHCK
AT
VR
VGOAR
32 15
48
126
240
146
649 t/h
LPG and C5+ throughput Total: 607 t/h
FG
Diesel
LPG
NaphthaGasoline
t/h
C3=
HSFO
Slurry
10Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Axens Ebullated-Bed Technologies
Settled Catalyst Level
Expanded Catalyst Level
Distributor Grid Plate
Hydrogen + Feed
Catalyst Addition
Recycle Cup
Ebullated Bed
Ebullating Pump
Gas / LiquidSeparator
Recycle OilCatalyst Withdrawal• H-OilDC characteristics
• Distillate HydroCracking• Heavy VGO and DAO feedstock• Low S and N conversion products
• H-OilRC characteristics• Ebullated bed Vacuum resid
HydroCracking• 40 - 80% VR conversion• Constant product properties• Unconverted resid application
• Low sulfur (up to S< 1%) and stable fuel oil
• Feed for coker, SDA or gasification units
• On-line Addition / Withdrawal of catalyst
• Availability > 96%• 2 to 4 years between turnarounds
11Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
H-OilRC Process Scheme Improvements
H-OilReactors
Make-Up H2
Resid Feed
Heater
Heater
HP Air Cooler
HP HT Separator
HP LTSeparator
Inter Stage Separator
MP HT Separator
MP LT Separator
MP AbsMP Abs
HP AbsHP Abs
HP MemHP Mem PSAPSA
Fuel Gas1st
Stage1st
Stage3rd
Stage3rd
Stage2nd
Stage2nd
Stage
Atmospheric& Vacuum
Fractionation
Atmospheric& Vacuum
Fractionation
NaphthaGasoilVGOVR
Sour Gas
• Optimized catalyst systems• Max Train Size• New Reactor Internals Design
• H-OilRC design features:• IS²: Inter-Stage Separator• Optimized Hydrogen management• C²U: Cascade Catalyst Utilization
12Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
`̀
FCC / RFCC - Propylene Solutions
• Go for Propylene with Cat Cracking• High Propylene (HP) FCC for VGO• Resid to Propylene (R2P) for resid• PetroRiserSM for LCN Recycle• FlexEneTM for Higher Flexibility between Propylene
/ Gasoline and Distillate production
13Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Integrated H-OilRC + Prime-D Commercial Project n°2
• Location: Eastern Europe Inland
• Feedstock: Ural• VR capacity: 60,000 bpsd• Objectives:
• On-road Diesel EURO V• LSFO @1 wt% S demand • No market for high sulfur
coke• Partial upgrading of heavy
cycle oil required • Existing refinery (VB, FCC)
VR feed quality
214Ni+V, wtppm2.7S, wt%11.0°API
Project Context
14Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Option 3: H-OilRC + HyK
H-OilRC
HDT
HyK
UCO
VT
AT
FG
Jet
LPG
Naphtha
HSFO
VR
VGOAR
15127
62
144
183
102
649 t/h
LPG and C5+ throughput Total: 632 t/h
t/h
Diesel
15Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Axens VGO Hydrocracking Keys Features
• Full set of Process configurations• HCK Single stage W/Wo recycle, Two Stages• Very good knowledge of Difficult feedstock as Licensor of SDA,
RDS and H-Oil Technologies
• Top level set of catalysts: HRK, HDK and HYK series• Single Source Supplier: R&D, Design, Catalyst, Start-up,
Services• Complete reference list from VGO HDT to MHC and HCK
• High Reliability: 100 % of Guarantees Met
16Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Integrated H-OilRC + HyKCommercial Project n°3
• Location: Eastern Europe Inland• Feedstock: Siberian• VR capacity: 47 000 bpsd• VGO capacity: 37 000 bpsd• Objectives:
• 70% VR conversion• Maximize diesel Euro V
production• LSFO @1 wt% S demand • No market for high sulfur coke
VR feed quality
348Ni+V, wtppm2.9S, wt%8.3°API
Project Context
17Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Option 4: DC + HyK
DC
HDT
HyK
Coke
AT
VT
UCO
FG
LPG
VR
VGOARNaphtha
649 t/h
LPG and C5+ throughput Total: 625 t/h
t/h
Jet
Diesel
21
135
61
88
100222
18Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Option 5: HyK + Hyvahl + R2R
Hyvahl R2R
FG
VT
AT
HyK
VR
VGOAR
LPG
NaphthaGasoline
649 t/h
LPG and C5+ throughput Total: 596 t/h
t/h
HDTC3=
LSFO
Jet
Diesel
21 1129
172
48
232
81
19Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
VR feed quality
11.0C7 Asph., wt%160Ni+V, wtppm5.5S, wt%6.4°API
Hyvahl+R2R Commercial Project n°5
• Location: Middle East, Coastal
Project Context
• Feedstock: Al Shaheen
• VR capacity: 51,000 bpsd• Refinery: Grassroots
• Objectives:• Supply domestic demand• Produce export grade fuels EURO V• Maximize synergy with petrochemical industry
20Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Options Overview Bases for Economic Comparison
• Feedstock: 100,000 b/d (649 t/h) of atmospheric residArabian Medium Crude
• Arabian Medium Crude: API= 31.2, S= 2.56 wt%, CCR= 5.73 wt.%, Ni = 10.3 wppm, V = 34 wppm
• AR (4.4 wt %S) price was adjusted for viscosity content
• Investment location: Middle East• Vacuum distillation, HDT, SMR, PPS, SRU Amines and
alkylation units included• Hydrogen produced by SMR only
Note: HDT = hydrotreating, SMR = steam methane reformer, SRU = sulfur recovery unit, SWS = sour water stripping, PPS = propane-propylene splitter
21Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Refinery in the Middle
East
Middle Distillates exported to Europe
Gasoline, Naphtha &Fuel Oil exported to
Asia
Product Exportation & Pricing Considerations
• Grassroots refinery located in the Middle East• Brent price scenario: 112 $/bbl (Brent 2011)• Estimated Arabian gulf Prices
= Prices in the export area – freight cost
22Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
1 406 US $/tPropylene
892 US $/tFOD
991 US $/tGasoline
115 US $/tPetcoke628 US $/tHSFO
(n°6, S cont. <3.5 wt%)
646 US $/tLSFO
931 US $/tDiesel1 006 US $/tKerosene
906 US $/tNaphtha
590 US $/tonsAR Arabian Medium Crude
7 US $/MMBtuNatural Gas
Price Considerations
857 US $/tLPG
Product Price Considerations2011 Scenario – Base Case
Included transport cost: ME Europe = 29 US $/tME Asia Pacific = 19 US $/t
Brent 112 $/bbl Scenario
23Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
LPG and C5+ Liquid Yield
Liquid Yield *, wt%
N°2H-OilRC
Mild HCK + FCC N°3
H-OilRCHyK
N°1Hyvahl + R2R
N°4DC HyK
N°5Hyvahl + R2R
HyK
* Including LPG
88.4%
93.5%
97.4%
82.8%
91.8%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
24Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
00460
173
4
278
62740
0
146
00
238
2
126
481532
0
144
062
183
102
3
124
015
8800
61
222
1002
133
021
0
0
480
232
81
173
291121
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
LPGC3=NaphthaGasolineJetDieselFODLSFOHSFOCoke
Production Capacity, t/h
LPG, C5+ and Petcoke Throughput
N°2H-OilRC
Mild HCK + FCC N°3
H-OilRCHyK
N°1Hyvahl + R2R
N°4DC HyK
N°5Hyvahl + R2R
HyK
25Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Economic Assumptions & MethodologyArabian Gulf
• Economic evaluations based on:• Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis • Profitability index comparisons
(NPV, IRR, NPV/TCI, POT)
• Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis• 10% contingencies• Depreciation period: 15 years• Project duration: 20 years• Discount rate: 12%• Tax Rate: 20% (construction duration 3 years)
26Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Total Capital Investment2011 Scenario
TCI includes:• ISBL investment
• Off sites
• Engineering fees
• Contractor fees
• Interest on construction loan
• Start-up costs
• Working capital
Billion US$
N°2H-OilRC
Mild HCK + FCC
N°3H-OilRC
HyKN°1
Hyvahl + R2RN°4DC HyK
N°5Hyvahl + R2R
HyK
3.22.9
2.6 2.3
3.1
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
27Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
US$/ bbl AR
Total OPEX Comparison Arabian GulfBrent 112 $/bbl Scenario
N°2H-OilRC
Mild HCK + FCC
N°3H-OilRC
HyKN°1
Hyvahl + R2RN°4DC HyK
N°5Hyvahl + R2R
HyK
0.9
6.3
5.2
1.4
7.0
4.6
1.4
9.3
4.1
0.2
7.7
3.7
0.8
8.5
5.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Manpower +Maintenance,Taxes,Insurance &Overheads Utilities (incl.Natural Gas)
Catalyst &Chemicals
28Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Product Revenues Arabian GulfBrent 112 $/bbl Scenario
Product Revenues (US $/bbl AR)
N°2H-OilRC
Mild HCK + FCC N°3
H-OilRCHyK
N°1Hyvahl + R2R
N°4DC HyK
N°5Hyvahl + R2R
HyK
7
39
1
66
198
22
53
1
30
1057
22
13
41
25
1
27
3
213
50
24
1
29
4
8
52
20
41
644
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
LPGC3=NaphthaGasoline Jet Diesel FOD LSFO HSFO Coke
29Petrofed - Petroleum Refining Technologies Seminar - April 2012
Conclusion
• Axens has an extensive experience on upgrading schemes and offer a unique conversion technologies portfolio • Covering all market demand type from maxi gasoline to
maxi middle distillate• Integrated solutions (HCK, HDT, etc…) reducing the
overall investment cost• With a Brent price scenario at 112 $/bbl, all 5 options
studied are profitable (IRR > 20%)
• Optimum solution depends on refinery specific constraints• Conversion path selection depends on the market
demand
30
Conversion Options forClean Fuel Production